DNA Test

Question 1

What is the function of DNA

Answer 1

To store and transmit the genetic info that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them.

Question 2

Full name of DNA

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

Where is DNA located

Answer 3

Found in the nucleic of every living cell

Question 4

DNA is the only molecule that can ____________

Answer 4

Replicating itself

Question 5

How does DNA determine physical characteristics

Answer 5

Within DNA are genes, those are what determine physical features

Question 6

Function Of protiens

Answer 6

Form the structural units of cells and help control chemical processes within cells

Question 7

What are nucleotides

Answer 7

The basic unit of DNA

Each DNA molecule consists of two long chains of nucleotides

Question 8

What are nucleotides made up of?

Answer 8

Three parts:
sugar molecule - deoxyribose
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base (the type alternates)

Question 9

Name the four Nitrogen bases

Answer 9

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 10

How is the ladder shape made in DNA

Answer 10

The phosphate group and sugar create two chains, and the nitrogen group connects them

Question 11

What is a purine

Answer 11

A nitrogen base that has 2 rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Ex Adenine and guanine

Question 12

What is a pyrimidines

Answer 12

A nitrogen base that has one ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Ex thymine and cytosine

Question 13

What is the name of the shape DNA is in

Answer 13

A double helix

Question 14

What are the complementary base pairs

Answer 14

Cytosine bonds with guanine

Adenine bonds with thymine

These pairs are made with hydrogen bonds

Question 15

What is helicases

Answer 15

An enzyme that separates the two chains of nucleotides in DNA

Question 16

What is a replication fork

Answer 16

The point in which the 2 nucleotide chains separate

Question 17

What is a DNA polymerase

Answer 17

An enzyme that hooks together new complementary base Pairs in replication.

Question 18

What is replication

Answer 18

The process of copying DNA in a cell

Question 19

What is the purpose of replication

Answer 19

When new cells are needed to replace or grow, DNA must first be replicated, so a new set of chromosomes can be placed in the new cells.

Question 20

Explain the process of replication

Answer 20

First, the two strands of nuclear tides are separated by the enzyme helicase by breaking the hydrogen bond between the complementary pairs.

As the STRANDS, separate new nucleotides bind with their complimentary base pairs and are hooked together by the enzyme polymerase forming 2 double-stranded DNA molecules

Question 21

How is DNA semi conservative

Answer 21

That every strand of DNA is made of one original set of bases, had 1 newly created strand.

Question 22

Three ways that r n a is different from d n a

Answer 22

RNA has ribose sugar insetad of deoxyribose, sugar

Thymine is replaced by uracil

RNA is made up of one strand

Question 23

How is DNA important in protien synthesis

Answer 23

The d n a of the organism will serve as the instructions for making the protien.

Question 24

Name the two separate stages in protein synthesis

Answer 24

Transcription and translation

Question 25

Describe trans scription

Answer 25

1: Rna polymerase binds to the promoter on the template chain of DNA 2: The two chains of the DNA molecules separate near the promoter 3: Rna Polymerase Attaches to the first DNA nucleotide of the template chain 4: Complementary rna nucleotides are added to the newly forming RNA molecule 5: RNA polymerase reaches the termination signal and releases the DNA and RNA a molecules

Question 26

What is messenger RNA

Answer 26

A type RNA that carries genetic information to make protiens from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytosil

Question 27

How is Messenger rna produced And where

Answer 27

Messenger rna is the product of transcription. It is made in the nucleus

Question 28

The function of transfer rna

Answer 28

Bring the amino acids and put them in the correct order based on the messenger rna codons.

Question 29

What is ribosomes RNA

Answer 29

Joined by proteins, r-RNA makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made

Question 30

The shape of the 3 types of RNA

Answer 30

M - RNA : single uncoiled chain T-RNA: folded into a hairpin shape R-RNA: consist of RNA nucleotides in a globular form

Question 31

What is transcription

Answer 31

The process by which genetic information is copied from d n a to rna

Question 32

What is a promoter

Answer 32

It marks the beginning of a DNA chain

Question 33

What is an RNA polymerase

Answer 33

The primary transcription enzyme synthesizes rna copies of specific sequences of d n a

Question 34

What is a termination signal

Answer 34

A specific sequence of nucleotides that mark the end of a gene. This ends the transcription

Question 35

What is genetic code

Answer 35

A correlation between a niculotide sequence and amino acid sequence

Question 36

What is a codon

Answer 36

A combination of three messenger r n a nucleotides

Question 37

What is an anticodon

Answer 37

A combination of three transfer rna nucleotides

Question 38

What is protein made of

Answer 38

Specific sequences of amino acids

Question 39

What is a polypeptide

Answer 39

A chains of aminos acids particular sequence

Question 40

What are start and stop code ons

Answer 40

Codons that do not Create amino acids, but instead signal for translation of m- RNA To start or stop

Question 41

What is translation

Answer 41

The process of assembling polypeptides from information encoded in m-RNA

Question 42

Where does translation take place

Answer 42

In the ribosom of the cell

Question 43

Describe the process of translation

Answer 43

1: Begins, when a ribosome attaches to, the start codon in mRNA. 2: The anticodon pairs with the start codon 3: As a ribosome, move along an M-RNA Transcript. Each m-RNA codone is sequentially paired with a t-RNA anticodon 4: The pairing of codons causes the specified amino acid to attach to the previously translated amino acid. 5: This continues until it reaches the stop code on