DNA-----the basics

Question 1

What does DNA stand for and where is it found

Answer 1

(deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in the nucleus

Question 2

How is DNA formed

Answer 2

repeating nucleotides

Question 3

What are nucleotides composed of

Answer 3

phosphate group
deoxyribose sugar
nitrogenous base

Question 4

what is a double helix and how is it formed

Answer 4

describes the structure of DNA as it is compose dof 2 DNA strands that interwine

Question 5

what is the first carbon of a pentose sugar attached to

Answer 5

nitrogenous base

Question 6

what is the 5th carbon of a pentose sugar attached to

Answer 6

phosphate group

Question 7

How are the nitrogen bases -adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine arranged

Answer 7

adenine and thymine-guanine and cytosine are arranged complementary and antiparallel to each other

Question 8

What pairs are complementary to each other in RNA

Answer 8

A and U

Adenine and Uracil

Question 9

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 9

1. double stranded
   2 .nitrogenous bases form hydrogen bonds
2. Antiparallel-they run in opposite directions with the 3’ end matching the 5’ end of the other strand

Question 10

What is a gene

Answer 10

a particular section of DNA that carries the code to make proteins.

Question 11

what needs to be created in order to determine the order of the bases

Answer 11

a protein must be made

Question 12

What is a genome

Answer 12

collection of genes within an organism’s chromosomes

Question 13

what is the first carbon of a pentose sugar attached to

Answer 13

nitrongoeus base

Question 14

what is the 5th carbon of a pentose sugar attached to

Answer 14

phosphate group

Question 15

what does DNA form into

Answer 15

a double helix

Question 16

nucleotide

Answer 16

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) that consists of itroneous base, 5 carbon pentose suagr and phsopahte group

Question 17

monomer

Answer 17

a molecule that can be bonded to another molecule to form a polymer

Question 18

condensation polymerisation

Answer 18

is the reaction that occurs when nucleotides bond together to form a phosphodiester bond

Question 19

phosphodiester bond

Answer 19

term used to describe the bonding of multiple nucleotides

Question 20

when mutiple nucleotides bind together, the bond between them is called

Answer 20

a phophodieste rbond

Question 21

what bonds are broken down when the DNA is unzipped into two strands

Answer 21

hydrogen bonds

Question 22

Alleles

Answer 22

alternate forms of a gene that have some differences in the base sequences

Question 23

how many alleles does each indiviudal have

Answer 23

two sets of alleles (from both parents)

Question 24

What happens if someone is heterozygous?

Answer 24

the dominant gene usually takes over

Question 25

be homozygous recessive

Answer 25

When both chromosomes have identical copies of the recessive allele for a gene, the organism is recessive

Question 26

homozygous dominant

Answer 26

When both chromosomes have identical copies of the dominant allele for a gene,

Question 27

ribosomal rna

Answer 27

required for protein sythensisi

Question 28

transfer RNA

Answer 28

carries a specific amino acids to ribsomes for translation

Question 29

messneger RNA

Answer 29

a copy of DNA

Question 30

what are the bases eg. Adenine called on the transfer RNA vs Messneer RNA

Answer 30

In transfer RNA its called an anti codon whereas in messernaegr RNA its called a codon

Question 31

why is DNA needed for genes

Answer 31

DNA is responsible for builiding and maintaing genes