DNA1

Question 1

What is responsible for storing and translating the information encoding proteins and performing other chemistry?

Answer 1

Ribose Phosphate polymers

Question 2

….. is responsible for enzymatically synthesizing all proteins.

Answer 2

RNA

Question 3

How many monomers of DNA are in a human cell?

Answer 3

3x10^8-9

Question 4

What is the length of a polymer of DNA inside a human cell?

Answer 4

1 meter

Question 5

Draw deoxyribose

Answer 5

slide 2

Question 6

Draw ribose

Answer 6

slide 2

Question 7

What part of the central dogma contribute to errors that cause mutations?

Answer 7

transcription and translation

Question 8

from bacteria to humans, what are mutation rates?

Answer 8

1X10^-9

Question 9

In what types of organisms or cells are high mutation rates (1/1000) common?

Answer 9

viruses and cancer cells

Question 10

What are the two categories of bases?

Answer 10

purines and pyrimidines

Question 11

How are bases linked to ribose sugars?

Answer 11

N-linked

Question 12

What is furanose.

Answer 12

cyclic ribose that puckers; 5 membered ring

Question 13

What does furanose do in water?

Answer 13

Cyclizes and puckers

Question 14

What is a nucleoside

Answer 14

Base + Sugar (NO PHOSPHATE)

Question 15

What is a nucleotide

Answer 15

sugar + phosphate + base

Question 16

Name and draw the Base, ribonucleoside, and ribonucleotide of A.

Answer 16

adenine, adenosine, adenylate

Question 17

Name and draw the base, ribonucleoside and ribonucleotide of G

Answer 17

guanine, guanosine, guanylate

Question 18

Name and draw the base, nucleoside, and nucleotide of C

Answer 18

cytosine, cytidine, cytidylate

Question 19

Name and draw the base, nucleoside, and nucleotide of U

Answer 19

uracil, uridine, Uridylate

Question 20

Name and draw the base, nucleoside, and nucleotide of T

Answer 20

thymine, thymidine, thymidylate

Question 21

How many H bonds occur between C and G?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

How many H-bonds occur between A and T/U

Answer 22

2

Question 23

What contributes to the flexibility of DNA?

Answer 23

H-bonds and simple torsions

Question 24

Phosphate charges add …… due to repulsion.

Answer 24

electrostatic tension

Question 25

In the basic purine shape, what forms N1?

Answer 25

aspartate

Question 26

In the basic purine shape, what forms C2?

Answer 26

N10-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate

Question 27

In the basic purine shape, what forms N3?

Answer 27

Gln

Question 28

In the basic purine shape, what forms C4?

Answer 28

Gly

Question 29

In the basic purine shape, what forms N9?

Answer 29

Gln

Question 30

In the basic purine shape, what forms C8?

Answer 30

N10-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate

Question 31

In the basic purine shape, what forms N7?

Answer 31

Gly

Question 32

In the basic purine shape, what forms C5?

Answer 32

Gly

Question 33

In the basic purine shape, what forms C6

Answer 33

CO2

Question 34

Draw and name PRPP

Answer 34

5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate

Question 35

PRPP is the ...... ...... of the sugar unit in synthesis of nucleosides.

Answer 35

activated donor

Question 36

During biosynthesis of nucleosides, what enzyme is PRPP used with?

Answer 36

phosphoribosyl transferase

Question 37

What is the difference between a transferase and a kinase?

Answer 37

transferases transfer one element of a molecule to another kinases transfer energy from ATP onto another molecule

Question 38

What enzyme attaches the pyrophosphate from ATP onto ribose 5-phosphate to create PRPP?

Answer 38

ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase

Question 39

The Purine rings are synthesized on the ......

Answer 39

ribophosphate

Question 40

Draw how PRPP (in purine nucleoside synthesis) goes to a five membered ring

Answer 40

slide 11

Question 41

Draw hypozanthine, Inosine, and inosinate

Answer 41

slide 12 + 13

Question 42

What is a salvage reaction?

Answer 42

when you take a purine base and use phoshphoribosyl transferase to replace the PPi of PPRP with the Purine base; free bases can be recycled and attached in a single step

Question 43

..... are enzyme inihibitors for purine synthesis

Answer 43

monophosphates

Question 44

What is the C2 and N3 in pyrimidines biosynthesis from?

Answer 44

Carbamoyl phosphate

Question 45

What is the N1, C6, C5, and C4 synthesized from in pyrimidine biosynthesis?

Answer 45

Aspartate

Question 46

What is persistence length?

Answer 46

The rigidity of DNA - how long can it stay straight before it flops over