DNAnad Protein Synthesis Flashcards
(13 cards)
Describe transcription
DNA strands separate by breaking hydrogen bonds.
Only one of the strands is used as template to make mRNA.
Complementary base pairing so A to U, T to A , C to G, G to C.
RNA nucleotides joined by RNA polymerase .
Forms phosphodiester bonds.
Pre-mRNa formed.
Splicing introns to form mRNA
Describe translation
MRNA binds to ribosomes.
Ribosome moves to start codon.
Idea of 2 codons.
Allow tRNA with anticodon to bind to codon on mRNA.
TRNA brings specific amino acids.
MRnA moves along to the next codon.
Catalyses formation of peptide bond between amino acid.
Role of ribosomes
MRNA binds to ribosome.
Idea of 2 codons.
Allow tRNA with anticodons to bind.
Catalyses formation of peptide bond between amino acids held by tNRA molecules.
Moves along mRNA to the next codon .
Role of tRNA
Anticodon complementary to codon on mRNA .
Specific amino acid.
Carried to ribosome.
Correct sequence of amino acids along polypeptide.
Describe how phosphdiester bond is formed between 2 nucleotides within a DNA molecules
Condensation reaction between phosphate and deoxyribose .
Catalysed by DNA polymerase.
What’s a gene
A sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for polypeptide
What is genome
The complete set of genes in a cell
What is proteome
The full range of different proteins that a cell is able to produce at a given time
Describe how one amino acid is added to a polypeptide that is being formed at a ribosome during translation.
TRNA brings specific amino acid to ribosome .
Anticodon on tRNA binds to codon on mRNA.
Amino acid join by condensation reaction using ATP.
Describe how mRNA is produced from an exposed template strand of DNA.do not include DNA helical or splicing in you answer.
Free RNA nucleotides form complementary base pairs.
Phosphodiester bonds form.
By action of RNA polymerase
Describe how mRNA is formed by transcription in eukaryotic
Hydrogen bonds between DNA bases break.
Only one DNA strand act as template.
Free RNA nucleotides align by complementary base pairing .
In RNA uracil is used in place of thymine.
RNA polymerase joins adjacent RNA nucleotides.
By phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides
Describe how a polypeptide is formed by translation of mRNA
MRNA attach ribosomes .
TRNa anticodons binds to complementary mRNA codons .
tRNA bring specific amino acid.
Amino acid Join by peptide bond
Amino acids join together with the use of ATP.
TRNA released after amino acid joined to polypeptide.
The ribosome moves along the mRNA to form polypeptide.
Starting with mRNA in cytoplasm , describe how translation leads to the production of polypeptide.
Ribosome attaches to mRNA.
Ribosome moves to find start codon.
TRNA bring specific amino acids.
Anticodon on tRNA complementary to codon on mRNA.
Ribosome move along to next codon.
Process repeated and amino acid join by peptide bonds to form polypeptide
