Genes And Chromosomes Flashcards
(11 cards)
DNA structure related to its function
Stable due to numerous hydrogen bonds so can be passed on from generation to generation.
Weak hydrogen bonds between strands are easily broken for DNA replication or protein synthesis.
Large so carry a lot of genetic information.
Base pairs are contained within helix and held in place by strong sugar phosphate backbone.
Compleme Gary base pairs allow the synthesis of an identical daughter molecule.
2 strands so both can act as templates.
Helical shape means’s that can be coiled so compact from storage .
Degenerate and non-overlapping
Degenerate: more than one base triplet for each amino acid.
Non-overlapping: each base is part of only one triplet.
Comparing DNA and mRNA
DNA double stranded , mRNA is single stranded.
DNA very long and RNA is short.
Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA.
Deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.
DNA has hydrogen bonds, RNA doesn’t.
DNA has introns, mRNA doesn’t.
Compare tRNA and mRNA
mRNA is longer.
MRNA is straight molecule but tRNA is clover-leaf shaped.
MRNA contains hydrogen bonds but tRNA has hydrogen bonds.
Which2 molecules are ribosomes made from
One of nucleic acid .
One of amino acids.
Define the term exon
Base sequence coding for polypeptide
Name the protein associate with DNA
Histone
Differences between prokaryotic DNA and eukaryotic DNA
Eukaryotic vs prokaryotic .
Associated with his tones , not associate with histone.
Linear vs circular.
No plasmid vs plasmid.
Introns vs no introns.
Longer vs shorter.
Describe how a gene is a code for production of polypeptide .
Because base sequence in triplets determine sequence of amino acids primary structure in polypeptide.
Define non-coding base sequence and describe where non-coding multiple repeats are positioned in genome
DNA does not code for polypeptide.
Positioned between genes
Not all mutation in nucleotide sequence of a gene cause a change in the structure of polypeptide. Give 2 reasons why
Triplet code for same amino acid.
Occurs in introns.
