documentation examination

Question 1

what does FDE mean?

Answer 1

forensic document examination

Question 1

what is the definition of FDE

Answer 1

forensic discipline in which expert examiners evaluate documents disputed in the legal system

Question 2

what does ASTM mean?

Answer 2

american society for testing and materials

Question 3

what does the ASTM do?

Answer 3

publishes standards for the methods

Question 4

what does an examiner do for the ASTM?

Answer 4

makes scientific examinations, comparisons, and analyses of documents

Question 5

what are the four steps for examiners in the ASTM?

Answer 5

1. establish genuineness or non-genuineness, or to expose forgery or to reveal alterations, additions or deletions
2. identify or eliminate persons as the source of handwriting
3. identify or eliminate the source of typewriting or other impression, marks, or relative evidence, and
4. write reports or give testimony, when needed, to aid the usters of the examiner’s services in understanding the examiner’s findings

Question 6

what are the physical methods of documentation examination?

Answer 6

use of instruments and different light sources for the examination of the documents for different purposes

Question 7

T/F: physical examinations are non-destructive.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

T/F: chemical examinations are non-destructive.

Answer 8

false

Question 9

what do chemical document examinations involve?

Answer 9

ink examination, paper examination etc.

Question 10

what is the best way to view obliterated writing?

Answer 10

infrared luminescence

Question 11

T/F: infrared reflectance and infrared luminescence will reveal obliterated writings

Answer 11

false, reflectance will not yield the same outcome.

Question 12

what is a way to use infrared light?

Answer 12

for checks, the ink used to make the check and ink used to alter the check will react differently.

Question 13

how will infrared images from two areas of a printed banknote change?

Answer 13

on a banknote at the flower is based on peak calcium carbonate.
the background pattern is based on a carbonyl peak of an ink component

Question 14

T/F: the less ink that is present at the surface, the weaker the FTIR signal will be.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what are common destructive equipment?

Answer 15

LC, GC, MS, and TLC

Question 16

what kind of document machines have databases?

Answer 16

typewriters, fax machines, or printers

Question 17

what does FISH stand for?

Answer 17

Forensic Information System for Handwriting

Question 18

what does FISH do?

Answer 18

database for handwriting samples from tens of thousands of writers

Question 19

what does the International Ink Library do?

Answer 19

contains data on more than 15k inks that have been manufactured since 1920

Question 20

who maintains FISH?

Answer 20

US Secret Service

Question 21

what does fish enable for document examiners? how is this plotted?

Answer 21

scan and digitize an extended body of handwriting, then plotted as arithmatic and geometric values

Question 22

what does the international ink library do?

Answer 22

chemically analyze and compare them with library specimen

Question 23

what might the international ink library identify? what can they determine?

Answer 23

type and brand of writing instrument, can determine the earliest possible date that document could have been made

Question 24

if the sample of ink matches an international ink library what happens?

Answer 24

a notation is made in the database

Question 25

T/F: in the international ink library needs assistance the US secret service provides assistance to law enforcement on a case by case basis.

Answer 25

true

Question 26

what is one of the main factors in illegal immigration and human trafficking?

Answer 26

identity and travel document forgery.

Question 27

how many fraudulent travel documents does the Canada Border Services Agency find each year?

Answer 27

over 5000

Question 28

what helps agencies from different countries share information in interpol cases?

Answer 28

Dial-Doc

Question 29

what can be shared through Dial-Doc?

Answer 29

alerts, tips, and trends in document counterfeiting

Question 30

what do Dial-Doc alerts give?

Answer 30

detailed technical information and high resolution images of both fraudulent and real documents

Question 31

What are counterfeits?

Answer 31

unauthorized reproduction of a genuine document

Question 32

what are forgeries

Answer 32

alteration of a genuine document

Question 33

what are pseudo-documents

Answer 33

documents which are not officially recognized

Question 34

in 2019 how many fraudulent passports were found?

Answer 34

3,582

Question 35

for document fraud, what percentage do counterfeit documents make up?

Answer 35

52.6%

Question 36

what type of crime makes up 19.5% of document fraud?

Answer 36

altered data

Question 37

for document fraud, what percentage do fake biopages make up?

Answer 37

27.5%

Question 38

what type of crime makes up 0.3% of document fraud?

Answer 38

split and altered

Question 39

T/F: there is international norms when it comes to classification of security features.

Answer 39

false, there is none

Question 40

what is the first tier for evaluation of security features?

Answer 40

checks can be made with human senses under natural daylight, and without the use of any specialized tools. the controller will tilt, observe, or feel the feature to authenticate it.

Question 41

what is the second tier for evaluation of security features?

Answer 41

controllable using a simple verification tool, which will be widely available

Question 42

what are examples of a simple verification tool

Answer 42

UV lamp (UV-A 365nm), or a magnifier

Question 43

what is the third tier for evaluation of security features?

Answer 43

verification demands a specific tool and/or forensic means - typically a microscope and/or a video spectral comparator

Question 44

what are the limitations of forensic document examination?

Answer 44

1. non-original evidence 2. insufficient quantity of questioned materials 3. insufficient quality 4. lack of comparability between the questioned documents and the known samples 5. insufficient known specimens submitted for comparison 6. lack of contemporaneous writings submitted for comparison 7. distortion or disguised writing

Question 45

what book changed a ton in document examination?

Answer 45

questioned documents

Question 46

what changed came about from the publication of questioned documents?

Answer 46

1. forensic document examiner training 2. standards in forensic document examination 3. cognitive bias and handwriting examination 4. technological advancements

Question 47

what did the NAS report do for terminology?

Answer 47

developed terms for expressing subjective conclusions of handwriting comparison and identification

Question 48

what is the nine-point NAS report scale.

Answer 48

1. Identification (definite conclusion) 2. strong probability (evidence is persuasive) 3. probable (points strongly towards identification) 4. indications that the same person did create both samples (there are a few significant features 5. no conclusion (limiting factors and lack of comparable writing) 6. indications that the same person did NOT create both samples (same weight as indications with weak opinion) 7. probably did not (evidence is quite strong) 8. strong probably did not (virtual certainty) 9. elimination (highest degree of confidence)

Question 49

what are the NAS report-recommendations

Answer 49

1. scientific basis for handwriting comparisons needs to be strengthened 2. there may be a scientific basis for handwriting comparison, at least in the absence of intentional obfuscation or forgery 3. there has been only limited research to quantify the reliability and replicability of the practices used by trained document examiners

Question 50

what did the NAS report committee agree?

Answer 50

that there may be some value in handwriting analysis

Question 51

What happened in R. v. Dobis?

Answer 51

Dobis wrote 21 company cheques made payable to himself, his corporation or his stock brokerage accounts and he forged Christie's signature because Christie was the only person with signing authority

Question 52

how much did Dobis steal in R. v. Dobis

Answer 52

$1.9 million over three-years while employed as accounting manager

Question 53

what were the charges for R v. Fairbarn?

Answer 53

1. two counts of uttering a forged prescription for fentanyl 2. one count of possession of fentanyl for trafficking 3. one count of possession of stolen property