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Animal Science (Final) > Dogs > Flashcards

Dogs Flashcards

1
Q

In terms of other animals, how does the domestication time of wolves compare?

A

They are believed to be the oldest domesticated animal!

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2
Q

When were wolves domesticated?

A

About 12,000 years ago (10,000 BC)

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3
Q

Where were wolves domesticated?

A

Probably around modern day Germany.

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4
Q

How did we base the domestication age of wolves?

A

Same as other animals, we base this age on finding bones.

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5
Q

When and where were bones of wolves first found with humans?

A

Kent, England (400,000 years old)

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6
Q

When and where were bones of wolves second found with humans?

A

North China (300,000 years ago)

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7
Q

Who were the precursors of our modern dogs?

A

Wolves or Jackals

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8
Q

Why were wolves domesticated?

A

companionship and hunting.

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9
Q

A reminder: The other oldest animal domesticated is pigs. How do wolves compare?

A

Pigs were domesticated anout 9,000 years ago, wolves 12,000 years ago!

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10
Q

When did distinct dog breeds start to become present?

A

About 3,000 to 4,000 years ago.

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11
Q

When were most of our main breeds of dogs were intact and well defined?

A

The roman empire.

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12
Q

WHat is a female dogs? An intact male?

A

Bitch, stud.

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13
Q

What is a young dog of either sex?

A

A puppy.

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14
Q

What is the name for parturition in dogs?

A

Whelping.

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15
Q

What is spaying?

A

Removal of ovaries and uterus.

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16
Q

What is another name for spaying?

A

Ovariohysterectomy.

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17
Q

In dogs, how long is estrus? Whats the range and average?

A

Range: 3-21 days

Average: 9 days.

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18
Q

What is the length of dogs estrous cycle?

A

183 days.

However, its extremely variable.

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19
Q

Considering a dogs estrous cycle is 183 days, what does that mean?

A

bitches can only breed twice a year.

(Only go into heat twice a year)

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20
Q

If a dog can only breed twice a year, why are they not considered seasonal breeders?

A

Because it is random! Not any specified breeding season.

The two heats are not dependent on the environment.

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21
Q

In breeding, what is a huge difference between dogs and other animals?

A

In dogs, breed actually influence estrus and estrous length.

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22
Q

In other animals, if not breed, than what influences estrus and estrous length?

A

The enviroment! Think about it.

Angus and hereford are different breeds with the exact same kind of cycles.

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23
Q

The estrous cycle of a dog is influenced by ______

A

its breed.

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24
Q

How often do German shepards cycle?

A

have estrous cucles of 4-4.5 months.

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25
Q

Length of the Basenji (african dog) estrous cuycle?

A

Only one estrus per year.

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26
Q

How is the anatomy of a stud dog different than people?

A

They have an os penis.

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27
Q

What is an os penis?

A

A small bone. It is the bulbus glandis (head of penis)

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28
Q

What is the os penis also called?

A

baculum: penile bone.

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29
Q

What does the os penis allow?

A

Penetration with an erection.

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30
Q

Why is it important that a dog can penetrate before he is erect?

A

Its a mechanical issue. If the stud is fully erect before he penetrates, the penis will be too big and he will not be able to mate.

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31
Q

Why can natural breeding of dogs be difficult?

A

Many young dogs will get too excited and get erect before they are fully penetrated.

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32
Q

What happens after the penis is inside the vagina? What does this result in?

A

An erection occurs.

This results in the “tie”

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33
Q

When does a tie occur?

A

The tie occurs when the portion of the penis with the os penis becomes engorged with blood and swells to a size so large that it is firmly locked within the vagina.

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34
Q

What are three commonly misunderstood dog breeding facts?

A

the tie is not essential for pregnancy.

Ties break spontaneously

Throwing water on either dog doesnt really help.

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35
Q

What is a common abnormality in dog breeding?

A

Pseudopregnancy.

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36
Q

What is pseudopregnancy?

A

A false pregnancy.

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37
Q

How common is pseudopregnancy?

A

Estimated that 50-75% of intact bitches will show signs of pseudopregnancy at some point in their life.

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38
Q

Where do we think do we think pseudopregnancy comes from?

A

We believe it is a “normal abnormality” left over from canine ancestors.

39
Q

Why does pseudopregnancy happen in dogs and wolves?

A

We dont really know why, but there is one most common theory.

40
Q

Why happens to some dogs in pesudopregnancy?

A

They may lactate.

41
Q

What is the most common theory for why pseudopregnancy happens in dogs and wolves?

A

In wild packs of canines, pseudopregnant bitches nurse puppies from the alpha female or from bitches that died during whelping.

42
Q

What are the four types of auditions that dogs make?

A

Bark, whine, howl, growl.

43
Q

Do dogs make complex vocalizations? Explain?

A

Yes, but its a bit different compared to other animals.

44
Q

Describe the complex vocalizations of dogs.

A

Of there four common noises, Dogs have in-between noises where the amplitude is different.

45
Q

How are the complex vocalizations of dogs different than most other animals?

A

In most animals, like pigs, their compelx noises were different strings and combinations of their simple noises.

Dogs dont generally string their noises into sequences, but rather have in-between noises with different amplitude.

46
Q

Describe the audition of dogs: Whine.

A

Care-soliciting.

signifies pain, fright, or mild frustration.

47
Q

Describe the audition of dogs: growl.

A

Aggressive or distance-increasing call of dogs.

48
Q

Describe the audition of dogs: howl.

A

It has not been deciphered well. We dont really know why dogs howl.

49
Q

What is the most likely reason that dogs howl?

A

Likely how dogs really communicate verbally with each other.

50
Q

How do dogs use howls to communicate with each other?

A

Believed that most canids can distinguish strange adult and pup howls

51
Q

Describe the noise range of a howl.

A

Believed that much of the howl is out of our hearing range.

52
Q

Describe the audition of dogs: Bark

A

A territorial call for most dogs.

53
Q

How will a dog change their barks? Give an example?

A

Dogs will alter tone and amplitude of bark to mean different things.

For example, the bark of a dog that wants let outside is different than the bark or a dog that sees another dog.

54
Q

Do wild canids bark?

A

Yes, but it is a trait that has been selected for by humans during domestication.

Our modern dogs bark far more than wild dogs ever do.

55
Q

What is the natural way of dogs to communicate with each other?

A

howling. Not barking.

56
Q

How do dogs convey moods and emotions?

A

They use their tail, face, ears, mouth, and hair

They also use body position (such as lying or standing)

57
Q

Describe a dogs body language when it is neutral.

A

tail down, ears down, standing upright.

58
Q

Describe a dogs body language when it is aroused or interested

A

Tail up, ears up, standing upright on toes or with a front leg raised.

59
Q

Describe a dogs body language when it is play soliciting.

A

tail up and wagging slightly, ears erect, standing up right and moving or gesturing slightly with front paws.

60
Q

Describe a dogs body language when it is giving active greeting.

A

Tail wagging over a wide range, ears erect, more exaggerated motion with front paws.

61
Q

Describe a dogs body language when it is showing aggression.

A

Tail up, ears erect, weight on front feet, exposed teeth.

62
Q

Describe a dogs body language when it is showing fear.

A

Tail tucked, ear back and down, weight on rear feet, exposed teeth.

63
Q

Describe a dogs body language when it is showing submission

A

Tail tucked, ears back and turned down, crouching on all four legs or rolled over to expose belly.

64
Q

Describe the flow of the emotional potential in a dog.

A

The dog is always starting in neutral.

From there, the dog enters a state of arousal.

Then, the behavior goes either to play soliciting, aggression, or submission.

If the mood is aggression, than it can be offensive or defensive.

65
Q

What is the significance of a dogs leg position when it pees.

A

Leg position means a lot socially. It shows status.

66
Q

How many general weaning dates are there for dogs?

A

Three! Early, average, and late.

67
Q

What is the early weaning time?

A

About 28 days.

4 weeks or so.

68
Q

What is the average weaning time for a puppy?

A

about 42ish days.

About 6ish weeks.

69
Q

What is the late weaning time for a puppy.

A

About 70 days

About 10 weeks.

70
Q

In terms of behaviors, name the order than dogs learn things.

A

Mouthing, play soliciting, fighting, snapping, face licking

71
Q

WHat is different about face licking versuses the other behaviors?

A

Face licking is continuously learned. Never stop learning it.

72
Q

Around when do dogs learn to mouth? (the window)

A

From 21 days- 25 days

73
Q

When do dogs learn to play solicit. (the window)

A

From 22 days- 33 days

74
Q

When do dogs learn to fight? (the window)

A

31ish days- 38 days

75
Q

When do dogs learn to snap? (the window)

A

34 days- 40 days

76
Q

When do dogs learn face licking?

A

Starts around 40 days and is a continuous process.

77
Q

What does the behavior timeline tell us?

A

Dogs learn to pay first then be aggressive.

78
Q

In terms of vocalization, name the order in which dogs start to make them?

A

Growl, bark, whine.

79
Q

Why is howling not on the learning timeline?

A

Howling is an instinct! They are born knowing how to do it.

80
Q

Dogs howl on instinct. When do they learn to howl a lot?

A

Learn a lot to howl during 3-7 weeks.

81
Q

When do dogs learn to growl? (the window)

A

24ish days- continuous learning.

82
Q

When do dogs learn to bark? (the window)

A

28ish days - continuous learning.

83
Q

When do dogs learn to whine? (the window)

A

30ish days- continuous learning.

84
Q

Considered the timeline, Why might a later weaning date be better? (after 6 weeks)

A

So much socialization happens between 3-7 weeks.

85
Q

How does increased handling and positive interaction affect puppies?

A

When they are young, it stimulates brain activity. (Increased EEG activity)

Creates more awareness, better socialization ect…

86
Q

When dogs are isolated starting from 58 days onward, what are the socail affects?

A

Little to no effect. Any isolation of a puppy past day 60 has little to no effect.

86
Q

How does hand rearing affect puppies?

A

they are more socialized to humans, difficult to socialize with dogs.

87
Q

When puppies are isolated starting from 25 or so days onward, what are the social affects?

A

No social play or aggression.

88
Q

When puppies are isolated starting from day 1 and onward, what are the social affects?

A

Cannot be socialized to humans.

89
Q

What is the number one behavioral problem in dogs?

A

Destructiveness

90
Q

In recent years, how has destructiveness in dogs changed?

A

it has been increasing!!

91
Q

What are two reasons that destructiveness seems to be increasing in dogs?

A

Increased number of young owners and

Decreased contact during the day between dogs and owners.

92
Q

What are four contributing factors to destructiveness in dogs?

A

Breed

Boredom

Separation anxiety

Barrier frustration

93
Q
A

Animal Science (Final) (6 decks)

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