Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VM638: Parasitology > Dogs & Cats: Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria spp., Toxocara spp., Toxascaris spp., and Trichuris spp. (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Dogs & Cats: Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria spp., Toxocara spp., Toxascaris spp., and Trichuris spp. (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. taxonomy

A

Nematoda
Hookworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. geographic distribution

A

Worldwide
Ancylostoma spp.: tropics/warm temperate regions
Uncinaria spp.: northern latitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. location in host

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. morphology

A

Reddish gray in color
Recognized by size and hook-like posture
Bursate nematodes!!
Buccal cavity with 3 conspicuous marginal teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. diagnosis

A

Eggs may be diagnosed on fecal flotation (thin walled so degenerate over time)
Difficult to distinguish between two genuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ancylostoma caninum life cycle (direct or indirect?)

A

Direct!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ancylostoma caninum route of transmission

A

Infection via skin penetration (percutaneous) or ingestion +/- paratenic host
A proportion of the parasites that reach the lungs may more to skeletal muscle and encyst until the bitch is pregnant –> reactivation then transmammary transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ancylostoma caninum life cycle

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. clinical signs

A

Acute or chronic anemia (usually in dogs under 1 year)- puppies infected via transmammary transmission are particularly susceptible due to low iron reserves
Eczema, ulceration at site of penetration (interdigital skin)
Diarrhea +/- blood and mucous
+/- respiratory signs
Underweight, poor haircoat, anorexia +/- pica
Severe: pale, edema, cachexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define: Larval leak

A

Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp.
Dormant L3 can resume development in GI tract in dogs and bitches with stress, following treament, during illness, or after large doses of corticosteroids
Can occur months or years later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. control/prevention

A

Can still see disease due to transmammary transmission, even when reared in clean environment, and nursed by a bitch recently treated
Environmental contamination most common with moist environments (can survive weeks under the right conditions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. public health implications

A

Ancylostoma braziliense causes cutaneous larval migrans (L3 filariform larvae)
“Creeping eruption”/”ground itch”
3rd stage larvae penetrate unbroken skin and wander in dermis (= itching, pruritus, skin lesions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Toxocara and Toxoascaris spp. taxonomy

A

Nematoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Toxocara and Toxoascaris spp. distribution

A

worldwide (tropics and warm temperate regions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Toxocara and Toxoascaris spp. location in host

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Toxocara and Toxoascaris spp. morphology

A

Adults: large and white worms, simple mouth opening with 3 large lips
Toxocara eggs are round, with pitted yellow-brown outer shell

17
Q

Toxocara cati life cycle

A
18
Q

Toxocara canis life cycle

A
19
Q

Toxocara and Toxoascaris spp. transmission

A

Unembryonated eggs passed in feces; infective larvae develops within the egg in 1-4wks but may take months
Peroral
Prenatal/transplacental (toxocara only, NOT toxascaris leonina)
Transmammary (toxocara cati)

20
Q

Toxocara and Toxoascaris spp. pathogenesis

A

Larvae invade intestinal mucosa, enter bloodstream, and migrate through liver and lungs; then break into air spaces
Larvae move up respiratory tree, are coughed up, and swallowed

21
Q

Toxascaris spp. life cycle

A
22
Q

Epidemiology of toxocara spp.

A

Nearly 100% of puppies infected at birth
Eggs extremely resistant to heat, cold, chemicals, desication (can live years in environment)
Small mammals important paratenic hosts

23
Q

Toxocara and Toxoascaris spp. zoonoses

A

Toxocara spp. primary cause of visceral larval migrans (zoonotic)
Toxascaris not zoonotic

24
Q

Toxocara and Toxoascaris spp. clinical signs

A

Mild to moderate infections: potbelly, failure to thrive, diarrhea, entire worms passed in feces/vomiting
Heavy infections: pulmonary damage, focal hemorrhages in lungs, increased respiratory rate

25
Q

Toxocara and Toxoascaris spp. treatment/control/prevention

A

Puppies should be routinely dewormed beginning at 2wks of age, with deworming repeated every 2 weeks, until the animals are 4-8wks of age and placed on a monthly product with efficacy against ascarids

26
Q

Toxocara spp. diagnosis

A

ELISA, tissue biopsy of infected areas

27
Q

Toxascaris leonina hosts

A

Dogs and cats

28
Q

Toxascaris leonina zoonotic?

A

No

29
Q

Toxascaris leonina infective states

A

No migration seen as seen with many other ascarids
Egg with 2nd stage larvae or PH with L3 are infective

30
Q

Toxascaris leonina symptoms

A

Unthriftiness, potbelly, diarrhea
Not highly pathogenic

31
Q

Toxascaris leonina treatment

A

Benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, mebendazole), piperazine, pyrantel

32
Q

Trichuris spp. taxonomy

A

Nematoda
Whipworms

33
Q

Trichuris spp. distribution

A

worldwide

34
Q

Trichuris spp. location in host

A

large intestine

35
Q

Trichuris vulpis morphology

A

Eggs lemon-shaped with bipolar plugs; appear yellow to brown in feces and are passed unembryonated

36
Q

Trichuris vulpis life cycle

A

Unembyronated eggs passed in feces
Infective L1 larvae develop within the egg in 1-2 months in environment (eggs require shade, moisture, and appropriate temperature)
Infected eggs ingested and plugs of eggs digested, releasing larvae
L1 penetrates glands of cecal mucosa
4 molts occur in glands; emerge as adults on surface of mucosa with anterior ends embedded
Adult worms in large intestine live several years

37
Q

Trichuris vulpis pathogenesis

A

Severe infections primarily in young animals
Adult worms more pathogenic than larvae
Worms feed on cell contents and blood; cause trauma to intestinal epithelium and submucosa (inflammation of cecal mucosa, catarrhal necrohemorrhagic enteritis)

38
Q

Trichuris vulpis clinical signs

A

Ranges from asymptomatic to some abdominal pain
Diarrhea +/- blood and mucus
Dehydration, anemia
Weight loss
Growth impairment

39
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus

A

Causes devastating disease and reproductive effects in herds (cattle + other ruminants), causes GI disease in small animals
My be included on rule out list for large bowel diarrhea or chronic diarrhea cases

VM638: Parasitology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions