Domain 2: Client Assessment

Question 1

CRF

Answer 1

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Question 2

FITT for avoidance of disease

Answer 2

F: 5 days/week
I: Moderate
T: 0.5 hours per day
T: Walk ~6-12 miles per week

Question 3

FITT

Answer 3

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type

Question 4

FITT for Fitness

Answer 4

F: 3-4 days/week
I: Vigorous/hard
T: 0.5-0.75 hours per day
T: Jog ~10 mi per wk

Question 5

FITT for Performance

Answer 5

F: 7 days/week
I: Very Hard
T: 2 hours per day
T: Run ~100 mi per week

Question 6

Health

Answer 6

the state of complete physical, mental, social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 7

Factors Affecting Health and Disease

Major Risk Factor Categories

Answer 7

Inherited/Biological
Environmental
Behavioral

Question 8

Inherited/Biological Factors Affecting Health and Disease

Answer 8

Age
Gender/Sex
Race
Genetic susceptibility to disease (Genetics)

Question 9

Positive health

Answer 9

Associated with capacity to enjoy life and withstand challenges

Question 10

Negative Health

Answer 10

Associated with morbidity (incidence of disease) and premature mortality

Question 11

USA five leading causes of death

Answer 11

Heart Disease
Cancer
Lower respiratory disease (e.g COPD)
Stroke
Accidents

Question 12

Environmental Factors Affecting Health and Disease

Answer 12

Physical
Socioeconomic
Family

Question 13

Behavioral Factors Affecting Health and Disease

Answer 13

Smoking
Inactivity/poor Nutrition
Drinking Alcohol
Overuse of medications
Fast Driving / no seat belt
Pressure to succeed (stress)

Question 14

Physical Activity

Answer 14

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that results in energy expenditure. It is associated with occupation, leisure time, household chores, and sport

Question 15

Exercise

Answer 15

A subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has the objective of improving or maintaining physical fitness

Question 16

Physical Fitness

Answer 16

A set of health or skill-related attributes that can be measured by specific tests

Question 17

Health Related Fitness

Answer 17

muscular strength and endurance, CRF, flexibility, and body composition (relative leanness)

Question 18

Skill-Related / Performance-Related fitness

Answer 18

Agility, balance, coordination, speed, power, and reaction time that are linked to games, sport, dance and other activities

Question 19

Absolute Intensity

Answer 19

Describes the rate of work (i.e. how much energy is expended per minute) and can be expressed by:
Kilocalories of energy produced / min (kcal/min)
Milliliters of oxygen consumed per kg of body weight per minute (mL O2/kg/min)
Metabolic Equivalents (METS) where 1 MET is taken at RMR and is equal to 3.5 mL/kg/min and exercise intensity is given as a multiple of MET (e.g. 3 METS, 6 METS)

Question 20

Relative Intensity

Answer 20

Describes the degree of effort requried to expend energy and is influced by CRF or maximal aerobic power.

A person with a CRF of 10 METS who is working at 6 METS is at a relative intensity of 60% VO2 max (6/10x100= 60%)

Question 21

Moderate Intensity

Answer 21

An absolute intensity of 3 TO 5.9 METS and a relative intensity of 40-59% VO2max

Question 22

Vigorous Intensity

Answer 22

An absolute intensity of 6 OR MORE METS and a relative intensity of 60 TO 84% VO2max

Tends to produce better results for reducing risk factors in most individuals
Improves BG, yields higher CRF values than moderate exercise
Not considered safe/appropriate for all clients

Question 23

Frequency

Answer 23

Refers to the number of days per week physical activity is done

Question 24

Duration

Answer 24

Refers to the amount of time (minutes, hours)a physical activity is done)

Question 25

Volume

Answer 25

The total amount of energy expended or work accomplished in an activity, and it is equal to the product of absolute intensity, frequency and time: 10 METS x 3 days/week x 20 min/day = 600 MET-min/week 5 kcal/min x 20 min per day x 3 days/week = 300 kcal/week

Question 26

Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Answer 26

Reduces risk of heart disease Lowers BP Improves lipid profile (cholesterol, TG) Improves CRF

Question 27

Effects of Physical Activity on Metabolic Health

Answer 27

Reduces risk of T2DM | Helps control BG in those with T2DM

Question 28

Effects of Physical Activity on Musculoskeletal health

Answer 28

Increased Bone Density Increased muscle mass and strength Improves pain mgmt for RA/OA

Question 29

Effects of Physical Activity on Cancer

Answer 29

Reduce risk of breast, colon, lung and endometrial cancer

Question 30

Effects of Physical Activity on Mental Health

Answer 30

Reduces risk of depression and cognitive decline

Question 31

ACSM/AHA Guidelines for PHYSICAL ACTIVITY to reduce risk of chronic disease

Answer 31

30- 60minutes of MODERATE INTENSITY activity 5 DAYS PER WEEK (>= 150 min/week) 20-60 minutes of VIGOROUS INTENSITY activity 3 DAYS PER WEEK (>=75 min/week) OR a combination of both More is better

Question 32

ACSM/AHA Guidelines for STREGTH TRAINING

Answer 32

Perform 8-10 exercises for the major muscle groups (legs, hips, back, chest, shoulders, arms) Select a resistance that produces muscular fatigue after 8-12 reps One set is sufficient, although more gains can be achieved with 2-3 sets Participate in resistance training activities at least 2 non-consecutive days per week

Question 33

Effect of Fitness and Fatness on CVD risk

Answer 33

PA yields improved health benefits regardless of body weight BW s/b a secondary concern. Primary concern should include the establishment of PA

Question 34

Basic level of Performance (Functional Fitness)

Answer 34

``` Completing Daily Tasks Efficiently CRF Musclular strength and endurance Flexibility Body Leanness Task-Specific Needs ```

Question 35

Sport-Related Performance

Answer 35

``` Agility Balance Coordination Power Speed ```

Question 36

Purpose of Pre-Activity Screening

Answer 36

Identification of High Risk Participants Determine who should seek medical clearance prior to fitness testing or exercise participation Initiates new participants Provides a forum too build rapport and trust Provides the trainer with information and tools for exercise Rx and programming

Question 37

The first step in a fitness professionals health risk appraisal of exercise participants

Answer 37

Pre-participation Screening | MR. PLEASE

Question 38

MR. PLEASE

Answer 38

M - Make a classification on current activity level R - Review medical hx for Cardio, Metabolic or Renal Disease P - Pertinent signs/symptoms of CV, metabolic or Renal disease L - Level of desired activity intensity E - Establish if medical clearance is necessary A- Administration of fitness tests & eval results S - Set up of Exercise Rx E - Evaluation of progress with follow-up tests

Question 39

PAR-Q+

Answer 39

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (+) Self administered evaluation that helps an individual determine whether they should seek a physician's clearance before beginning a low-to-moderate intensity exercise program Consists of 7 questions, and 10 follow up questions for anyone that answers yes to any of the 7 primary questions

Question 40

HSQ

Answer 40

Thorough health analysis administered by a health pro to ID risk factors, lifestyle behaviors, exercise hx, medications, and red flags that may require program modifications of physician's consent Includes HIPAA patient release info

Question 41

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk-Factor Thresholds for Risk Classification

Answer 41

Age: Men >=45, Women >=55 Fam Hx: MI, coronary revascularization or sudden death before age 55 in father/male first-degree relative OR before age 65 in mother/female first-degree relative Cigarette Smoking: current, quit in last 6 mo, or exposure to second hand Sedentary Lifestyle Obesity: BMI >=30 or waist >40" for men, 35" for women HTN: Systolic >=140 or Diastolic >=90 measured x2 Dyslipidemia: LDL >=130, HDL <40, Total Cholesterol >=200, or on lipid lowering meds Pre-diabetes: Impaired fasting glucose >=100 mg/dl, impaired OGTT >=140

Question 42

Risk Factor Stratification: Low Risk

Answer 42

Asymptomatic men and women with <=1 risk factor

Question 43

Risk Factor Stratification: Moderate Risk

Answer 43

Asymptomatic men and women with >= 2 risk factors

Question 44

Risk Factor Stratification: High Risk

Answer 44

``` Men and women with known CVD, Metabolic or Renal disease OR w/ major signs and symptoms of these diseases: Angina SOB Dizziness LOC Edema Heart Palpitations Tachycardia Heart murmur Intermittent Claudication ```

Question 45

Purpose of Cardiovascular and Muscular Fitness Assessments

Answer 45

``` Assess Essential Components of Fitness: Cardiovascular Endurance Muscular Strength Muscular Endurance Flexibility Body Composition ```