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A+ Core 1 > Domain 2: Networking > Flashcards

Domain 2: Networking Flashcards

(137 cards)

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1
Q

What are two protocols that are referred to connection-oriented protocols?

A

SSH, HTTPS

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2
Q

What are three common applications that make use of TCP?

A

file transfer, email communication, web browsing

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3
Q

What are common applications of UDP?

A

video conferencing, live streaming, online gaming, VoIP

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4
Q

What is a NIC?

A

48-bit MAC address

NIC stands for Network Interface Card, which uniquely identifies a device on a network.

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5
Q

What does the link light on a NIC indicate?

A

Light is plugged in on both sides

The link light verifies that there is a physical connection established.

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6
Q

What does the activity light on a NIC do?

A

Blinks as data goes through the interface

It indicates network activity on the NIC.

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7
Q

How does a hub communicate?

A

Using broadcasting

Hubs send data packets to all connected devices in the network.

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8
Q

What protocol does a hub use to manage collisions?

A

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection is used to manage data collisions.

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9
Q

What is the function of an AP?

A

Uses radio frequencies to transmit host data

AP stands for Access Point, which allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network.

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10
Q

What components do SOHO routers typically include?

A
  • Firewall
  • Switch
  • Wireless
  • DHCP

SOHO stands for Small Office/Home Office.

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11
Q

What is a DSL modem?

A

Digital subscriber line; internet that uses telephone lines

DSL modems provide internet access via existing phone lines.

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12
Q

What does ONT stand for?

A

Optical network terminal

ONT converts optical signals from fiber into separate signals for TV, voice, and data.

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13
Q

What is SDN?

A

Software-defined networking

SDN is a piece of software that controls the traffic in the network.

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14
Q

What is the standard PoE specification?

A

IEEE 802.3af

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15
Q

How much power does Standard PoE provide?

A

15.4W (12.95W usable)

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16
Q

What voltage range does Standard PoE operate at?

A

~44–57V

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17
Q

What devices typically use Standard PoE?

A

VoIP phones, simple WAPs

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18
Q

What is the PoE+ specification?

A

IEEE 802.3at

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19
Q

How much power does PoE+ provide?

A

30W (25.5W usable)

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20
Q

What voltage range does PoE+ operate at?

A

~50–57V

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21
Q

What devices typically use PoE+?

A

WAPs, IP cams, some lighting

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22
Q

What is the PoE++ (Type 3) specification?

A

IEEE 802.3bt Type 3

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23
Q

How much power does PoE++ (Type 3) provide?

A

60W (51W usable)

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24
Q

What voltage range does PoE++ (Type 3) operate at?

A

~50–60V

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25
What devices typically use PoE++ (Type 3)?
Video phones, multi-radio WAPs
26
What is the PoE++ (Type 4) specification?
IEEE 802.3bt Type 4
27
How much power does PoE++ (Type 4) provide?
100W (71–90W usable)
28
What voltage range does PoE++ (Type 4) operate at?
~50–60V
29
What devices typically use PoE++ (Type 4)?
Laptops, flat panel displays, PTZ cameras
30
What are characteristics of cable modems?
They have cables that carry TV signals. They use coaxial cabling. They use shared bandwidth.
31
What are characteristics of DSL modems?
They have dedicated bandwidth. They use twisted-pair cabling. They are telephone lines.
32
What tool allows to identify bad port of a network device?
Loopback plug
33
What can you ping to check functionality of NIC?
::1 localhost 127.0.0.1
34
What is port flapping?
A condition where port light on a network rapidly alternates between up and down states. Usually related to faulty or unsupported cable and/or incorrect link synchronization settings such as speed and duplex mismatch.
35
What is the frequency band used by 802.11a?
5 GHz ## Footnote 802.11a operates on the 5 GHz frequency band, which is less crowded than 2.4 GHz bands.
36
What is the maximum speed of 802.11b?
Up to 11 Mbps ## Footnote 802.11b supports a maximum speed of 11 Mbps, which is lower compared to other standards.
37
What is the indoor range of 802.11g?
~150 ft indoors ## Footnote 802.11g has a similar range to 802.11b but offers higher speeds.
38
Which standard was the first to use MIMO technology?
802.11n ## Footnote MIMO stands for Multiple Input Multiple Output, enhancing data throughput.
39
What is the maximum theoretical speed of 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)?
Up to 9.6 Gbps ## Footnote This speed is theoretical and achieved under optimal conditions.
40
Fill in the blank: 802.11ac uses _______ and beamforming technologies.
MU-MIMO ## Footnote MU-MIMO allows multiple users to be served simultaneously, improving network efficiency.
41
What is a key advantage of 802.11ax over previous standards?
Higher efficiency ## Footnote 802.11ax is designed to perform better in crowded areas with many devices.
42
True or False: 802.11g is backward compatible with 802.11b.
True ## Footnote This compatibility allows devices using 802.11b to connect to 802.11g networks.
43
What is the maximum range of 802.11n indoors?
~300+ ft indoors ## Footnote 802.11n provides an extended range due to the use of multiple antennas.
44
What frequency bands does 802.11ax operate on?
2.4 & 5 GHz ## Footnote This dual-band capability helps in managing network traffic more effectively.
45
What is the maximum speed of 802.11ac?
Up to 1.3+ Gbps ## Footnote 802.11ac offers significantly increased speeds compared to earlier standards.
46
What is the frequency of 2.4 GHz used for?
Long range communications with slower speeds. ## Footnote 2.4 GHz has 11 channels available, of which 1, 6, and 11 offer the best chance for minimizing interference as they are non-overlapping channels.
47
What is the frequency of 5 GHz used for?
Short range communications with faster speeds. ## Footnote 5 GHz has a total of 45 channels, including 24 non-overlapping channels.
48
What is long range fixed wireless?
Used to connect wireless devices over miles, usually employs point-to-point directional antennas. ## Footnote It can come licensed or unlicensed.
49
What does Syslog do?
Receives logs from devices in a network.
50
What are the three server roles in network management?
* Authentication * Authorization * Accounting
51
What is the purpose of spam gateways?
Keeps spam from entering emails.
52
What does UTM stand for?
Unified Threat Management.
53
What does UTM combine?
* Antimalware * Firewall * Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
54
What is the function of load balancers?
Allows multiple servers to serve the same amount of traffic.
55
What are proxy servers used for?
Can be used to filter out traffic.
56
What does SCADA stand for?
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
57
What is a characteristic of SCADA systems?
Legacy system used to provide gas and electric power, needs to be sectioned off from the network.
58
Name some protocols for IoT.
* Z-Wave * Zigbee * Bluetooth * NFC * Infrared (IR) * RFID * 802.11
59
What are characteristic of Bluetooth?
2.4 GHz frequency range. Used for connecting devices in WPAN. Short-range wireless technology.
60
Which antenna type is least suitable for long-range point-to-point bridging links?
omnidirectional antenna
61
What are directional antenna types suitable for long range point to point bridging links?
Yagi antenna. Dish antenna. Parabolic antenna.
62
Which identification badge can be held within a certain distance of a reader to authenticate the badge holder?
RDIF badge
63
What is the starting bit for Class A IP addresses?
0
64
What is the range of the first octet for Class A IP addresses?
1 - 126
65
What is the default subnet mask for Class A IP addresses?
255.0.0.0 ( /8 )
66
How many hosts per network does Class A support?
~16 million
67
What is the typical usage for Class A networks?
Large networks (e.g. ISPs)
68
What is the starting bit for Class B IP addresses?
10
69
What is the range of the first octet for Class B IP addresses?
128 - 191
70
What is the default subnet mask for Class B IP addresses?
255.255.0.0 ( /16 )
71
How many hosts per network does Class B support?
~65,000
72
What is the typical usage for Class B networks?
Medium networks (e.g. schools)
73
What is the starting bit for Class C IP addresses?
110
74
What is the range of the first octet for Class C IP addresses?
192 - 223
75
What is the default subnet mask for Class C IP addresses?
255.255.255.0 ( /24 )
76
How many hosts per network does Class C support?
254
77
What is the typical usage for Class C networks?
Small networks (e.g. homes)
78
What is the starting bit for Class D IP addresses?
1110
79
What is the range of the first octet for Class D IP addresses?
224 - 239
80
What is the default subnet mask for Class D IP addresses?
N/A (Multicast)
81
What is the typical usage for Class D addresses?
Multicast groups
82
What is the starting bit for Class E IP addresses?
1111
83
What is the range of the first octet for Class E IP addresses?
240 - 255
84
What is the default subnet mask for Class E IP addresses?
N/A (Experimental)
85
What is the typical usage for Class E addresses?
Research only
86
What is the reserved IP address range for loopback addresses?
127.x.x.x
87
What is the private IP range for Class A?
10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
88
What is the private IP range for Class B?
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
89
What is the private IP range for Class C?
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
90
What is the total number of bits in an IPv4 address?
32 bits
91
What is the total number of bits in an IPv6 address?
128 bits
92
What does BOOTP stand for?
Bootstrap Protocol
93
What is the purpose of BOOTP?
To automatically define IP addresses
94
In what year was BOOTP introduced?
1993
95
What does DORA stand for in DHCP?
Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge
96
What are two options for configuring a static IP address?
* Disable DHCP on the device * Configure IP reservation on the DHCP server
97
What does APIPA stand for?
Automatic Private IP Addressing
98
What occurs when DHCP does not provide an IP address?
APIPA is used, and the device cannot communicate outside the local network
99
What are RR in the context of DNS?
Resource Records
100
How many different record types exist in DNS?
30 different record types
101
What does an Address record (A or AAAA) define?
The IP address of a host
102
What is the difference between A records and AAAA records?
* A records are for IPv4 addresses * AAAA records are for IPv6 addresses
103
What does MX stand for in DNS records?
Mail Exchanger
104
What is the purpose of an MX record?
Determines the host name for the mail server
105
What is the function of a TXT record in DNS?
Contains human-readable text information
106
What is the purpose of SPF?
Lists all servers authorized to send emails for a domain
107
What does DKIM stand for?
DomainKeys Identified Mail
108
What is the function of DKIM?
Digitally signs a domain's outgoing mail
109
What does DMARC stand for?
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance
110
What is the purpose of DMARC?
Prevents unauthorized email use
111
What are DHCP pools?
Groupings of IP addresses
112
What does the T1 timer do in DHCP renewal?
Checks in with the lending DHCP server to renew the IP address
113
What is the lease time for DHCP?
8 days
114
What is the T2 timer used for in DHCP?
Attempts to rebind with any DHCP server if the original server is down
115
What are Virtual LANs?
Groups of devices in the same broadcast domain, separated logically
116
What is satellite networking?
Communication to a satellite with high latency
117
What is the typical download speed for satellite networking?
50 Mbit/s
118
What is the typical upload speed for satellite networking?
3 Mbit/s
119
What is fiber broadband based on?
Frequencies of light
120
What is cable broadband based on?
Transmission across multiple frequencies
121
What does DOCSIS stand for?
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
122
What is the speed range for high-speed cable networking?
50 Mbit/s to 1000 Mbit/s
123
What is a WISP?
Wireless Internet Service Provider
124
What does a MAN stand for?
Metropolitan Area Network
125
What does SAN stand for?
Storage Area Network
126
What is the characteristic of a SAN?
Looks and feels like a local storage device and requires a lot of bandwidth
127
What is the function of a WiFi analyzer?
Monitors wireless networks
128
What does a tone generator do?
Puts an analog sound on the wire
129
What is the purpose of a toner probe?
Finds wire
130
What is an inductive probe?
Does not need to touch the copper
131
What is the purpose of intercepting network traffic?
Sends a copy to a packet capture device
132
What is a physical tap?
Disconnects the link and puts a tap in the middle
133
What are the two types of physical taps?
* Active tap * Passive tap
134
What is port mirroring?
Port redirection, also known as SPAN (Switched Port Analyzer)
135
What are IPv6 loopback addresses?
::1, 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
136
What is the most common type of DSL internet access?
ADSL
137
What type of network consists of computers and peripheral devices that use high-frequency radio waves to communicate with each other?
WLAN

A+ Core 1 (5 decks)

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