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A+ Core 1 > Domain 3: Hardware > Flashcards

Domain 3: Hardware Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What is true of copper cables?

A

They can achieve speeds up to 40 GB. They can reach distances of 1100 meters

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2
Q

What is true of fiber cables?

A

They can achieve speeds above 100 GB. They can reach distances of 40 kilometers.

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3
Q

What is attenuation?

A

The loss of signal strength in networking cables or connections.

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4
Q

What is EMI?

A

Electro magnetic interference. A condition when signals from a device or cable leak out and disrupt signals of another device or cable. Fiber cables are not susceptible to EMI

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5
Q

What are twisted pair cables

A

Eight wires twisted into four pairs

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6
Q

What is STP

A

Shielded twisted pair. It has protection against EMI.

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7
Q

Direct burial cable

A

Special type of electrical wiring or cable that is designed to be buried in a trench underground.

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8
Q

UTP

A

Unshielded twisted pair

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9
Q

RJ11 connector

A

4 pin connector. Found on dial up modems and and analog telephones

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10
Q

RJ45 connector

A

8 pin connector. Found on computer networks

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11
Q

Cat 5

A

100 mbps. 100 meters distance.

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12
Q

Cat 5e

A

16 GBPs. 100 meters. More twist per foot allows it to handle disturbances

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13
Q

Cat 6

A

10 GBPs or 1 GBPs. 55 meters or 100 meters distance. Includes piece of plastic to separate the 4 wire pairs

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14
Q

Cat 6a

A

10 GBPs. 100 meters distance. Thicker wires to carry more powerful signal for longer distance

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15
Q

What is the T568A wiring standard?

A

Green + white, green, orange + white, blue, blue + white, orange, brown + white, brown

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16
Q

What is the T568B wiring standard?

A

orange+white, orange, green+white, blue, blue+white, green, brown+white, brown

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17
Q

What are connectors for coaxial cables?

A

RG-6. BNC connecor (secure locking connector commonly used in the old bus and ring networks). F connector (twisting hand screw commonly found on cable modems

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18
Q

Types of fiber connectors

A

ST connector. LC. SC. Dual LC.

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19
Q

What is ST connector?

A

Straight tip. Used in single mode fiber installations.

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20
Q

What is LC connector?

A

Lucent connection, local connection, little connector. Snaps in style connector. Small form-factor connector. Used in SMF and MMF installations

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21
Q

What is SC connector

A

Standard connector, subscriber connector, square connector. Snaps in style. Used in SMF and MMF.

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22
Q

What is dual LC connector

A

Snaps in style. Small form factor connection. Used in SMF and MMF installations

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23
Q

SATA

A

Serial ATA. A connector used to attach storage devices such as HDDs, SSDs, and optical drive. Ambidextrous. All SATA are compatible with each other

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24
Q

What are the SATA versions?

A

SATA 1 = 1.5 GBPs speed
SATA 2 = 3 GBPs
SATA 3 = 6 gbps

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25
Types of SATA
SATA 1 = 1.5 GBPs speed SATA 2 = 3 GBPs SATA 3 = 6 GBPs
26
MSATA
Mini SATA
27
SCSI
Cable for older drives. 80 pin connector. 320 MB/s max data rate
28
IDE/PATA
Older drive cable. 40 pin ribbon connector. 166 MB/s max data rate.
29
Active HDMI cable
Required for connections over 25 feet
30
HDCP
High definition copy protection. Support required for HD and UHD connect like Blu-ray video and some streaming services.
31
DisplayPort
HD and UDH audio and video. Popularized by apple. Can be combined with USB and thunderbolt ports.
32
VGA
Video graphics array. SD and HD analog video. 15 pin D-SUB.
33
DVI
Digital visual interface. SD and HD analog and digital video.
34
Moles
Used by IDE to power up
35
What does type a for usb mean?
It is a host port, computer connector
36
What does type b for usb mean
Guest port. Device connector
37
What does type c for usb mean
Host and guest port. Reversible
38
Thunderbolt
Fastest and most compatible connector. Supports storage devices, displays, audio, networking, and adapters.
39
Types of thunderbolts
Version 1 = 10 GBPs. Mini DisplayPort Version 2 = 20 GBPs. Mini DisplayPort Version 3 = 40 GBPs. USB type c Version 4 = 80 GBPs. USB type c
40
Serial port
RS-232, DB9. Used to manage enterprise class network devices, program microcontrollers, or control robotic equipment. Not included on most computers.
41
SRAM
Static RAM. Memory that is used as cache inside CPUs, hard drives, LCDs, and more. It is soldered directly into component.
42
DRAM
Dynamic RAM. Memory that is installed on motherboard
43
Where are DIMMS used
Desktop, servers
44
Where are SODIMMs found?
In laptops
45
What is memory channeling
It allows a system to access more RAM simultaneously to improve functionality
46
Latency
Measures how responsive RAM is. Reported as CAS (millisecond)
47
ECC RAM
Error checking and correction RAM. Can detect and fix errors in data. Usually found on servers.
48
Registered and buffered memory
Only found on high capacity servers. Allows for more consistent communications between the memory controller and RAM
49
What does interface refer to when talking about storage devices.
It refers to how the drive connects to the computer system. For example- SATA or m.2 or USB
50
RAID 0 uses and disadvantages vs advantages
Uses disk stripping to combine drives into one larger and faster logical drive. Advantages: faster read and write. Larger storage. Only two disks are required for raid 0 Disadvantages: no data protection. If one disk fails all data is lost without a backup.
51
What is RAID 1 and advantages vs disadvantages
Provides data protection by miring data accords two disks. Advantages: data protection. Only two disks required. No performance lost if disk fails. Disadvantages: max storage capacity is limited to the size of single disk.
52
What is RAID 5 plus advantages vs disadvantages
Uses disk stripping to combine drives into one larger and faster logical drive and distributes parity across all disks in the array. Advantages: data protection. Larger storage than a single drive. Disadvantages: three disks are required. Parity is slow
53
What is RAID 10 plus advantages vs disadvantages
Combines disk into RAID 1 array and then combines those arrays into RAID 0. Advantages: faster read and write. Larger storage. More disks increase capacity, performance, and protection. Disadvantages: four disk minimum. If RAID 1 array fails all data will be lost.
54
M.2 NVMe SSD
Solid state m.2 connector that utilizes PCIe. PCIe is faster than SATA connector.
55
NVMe
Non volatile memory express. PCIe based.
56
Types of m.2 keys
B key, M key, and B+M key
57
What does throttling mean
It is done to the CPU to reduce power consumption so that it will produce less heat. Intel is called SPeedStep AMD is call Cooln’Quiet
58
What is overclocking
Go into BIOS and increase CPU frequency by increasing the multiplier to get better performance.
59
Clock multiplier
Used to change the ratio of the base clock and the external clock often modified to overlock a CPU.
60
ARM
CPU for mobile devices. Includes Qualcomm, Samsung, Nvidia, and Apple BGA (ball grid array)
61
What are intels high performance, mainstream, budget, and server CPUs
Core i9; Core i5 and i7; Core i3, Pentium, and Celeron; Xeon
62
What are AMD high performance, mainstream, budget, and server CPUs
Ryzen threadripper; Ryzen; Athlon and A-Series; EYPC
63
What is standard wattage for PSU
500 watts
64
What is difference between modular and non modular
Modular doesnt have cables coming out but required cables to be plugged into it. Non modular includes cables attached to it.
65
PCL
Printer control language . Developed by HP. Postscript developed by Adobe
66
Difference between printer share and print server
Printershare: computer on network that is sharing printer Print share: dedicated computer to share printers. Can be serve in network or can be done on large multifunction device
67
Laser printer maintenance kit
When a printer prints a certain amount of pages you will need to replace many parts. It usually replaces a user unit, transfer roller, paper feed roller/separation roller, or pickup roller.
68
What is clean and calibrated
When a new toner or maintenance kit is applied you will need to calibrate it within the printer software. Clean the printer according to the manufactured specifications.
69
How do laser printers work and what are the advantages vs disadvantages
They fuse powered ink onto paper by using very high heat to melt toner on to the page. Advantage: fastest printer, lowest cost per page for black and white printing. Disadvantage: highest cost per page for color printing
70
How do you perform maintenance on a laser printer?
Replace toner, apply maintenance kit, calibrate and clean
71
What is imaging drum
Photosensitive drum that the laser/led writes to. If drum gets scratches it will transfer to paper
72
Transfer belt and rollers
Keeps the colors aligned in a laser color printer
73
Erase lamp
Clears the imaging drum. If erase lamp fails it will leave part of the previous print job on the drum called “ghosting”
74
Pickup rollers
From tray, picks up paper
75
Separation pads
Separates paper to ensure printer doesnt pick up more than one sheet
76
Primary Corona
Wire that charges the imaging drum. If it fails it may cause printer to output blank or black pages
77
Transfer Corona
Wire/roller that pulls the toner onto the paper from the drum. If fails it will cause paper to output blank pages
78
Where does laser write to?
Imaging drum
79
What happens if fuses fails
It will lead to toner being able to be rubbed off the page
80
First three processes of laser print process
1. Processing: printer receives and processes the image and stores page in memory 2. Charging: places -600VDC charge on the photosensitive drum using the charging corona 3. Exposing: laser writes an image onto the photosensitive drum by lowering voltage (-100VDC)
81
Steps 4-7 for laser print process
4. Developing: developing roller has a negative charge and the toner stuck to it. As the rolls the toner toward the photosensitive drum, the toner is attracted to it 5. Transferring: the image is then transferred from her drum to the paper. 6. Fusing: the fuser with a fuser roller and the pressure roller makes the image permanent. The paper then exits the printer 7. Cleaning: the printer then uses a rubber scraper to clean the photosensitive drum using
82
Inkjet printer. Advantages vs disadvantages
Uses ink in the forms of ink cartridges. It sprays ink on the page. Advantages: most affordable color printer Disadvantages: ink cartridges are expensive and dry up if you dont use them. You must recalibrate the printer after install new cartilage with consumes ink and paper.
83
Inkjet maintenance
Clean heads, replace cartridges, calibrate, clear jams
84
Impact printer plus advantages vs disadvantages
Uses ink in the forms of of ink ribbon and print by some mechanism string in the ribbon to transfer an image to the page. Advantages: can print on carbon backed paper Disadvantages: slow and loud. Tractor feed paper often jams the printer
85
Impact printer maintenance
Replace ribbon, replace print head, replace paper
86
Thermal printer
Doesn’t use ink. Printers on heat sensitive paper. Receipts.
87
3D printer
FDM and SLA. Prints physical objects
88
FDM
Filament. It is fed into a extruded which will create the 3D object single layer at a time
89
SLA
Resin. Platform is lifted out of the resin as a light hoarders the resin into plastic

A+ Core 1 (5 decks)

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