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Doris Graber Flashcards

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1
Q

Ch 1: The News Industry
Fl 1: Economic Pressures
Q: How do economic pressures affect journalism?

A

A: Declining revenues and job insecurity affect the quality of journalism.

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2
Q

Ch 1: The News Industry
Fl 2: Example of Economic Pressures
Q:What is an example of economic pressures in journalism?

A

A: Newspapers cutting investigative teams to save costs.

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3
Q

Ch 1: The News Industry
Fl 3: Technological Changes
Q: How is technology transforming news delivery and consumption?

A

A: Digital media and social networks are transforming the channels of info dissemination and the rate at which news travel.

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4
Q

CH:1 The News Industry
Fl 4: Example of Technological ChangesQ: What is an example of technological changes in media?

A

A: The rise of online news platforms: Social media twitter; blogs

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5
Q

CH:1 The News Industry
Fl 5:Media’s Role in Democracy
Q: What are the key roles of media in a democracy?

A

A: disseminate information, public watchdog and serving as a public forum.

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6
Q

CH 2: The Media and Politics
Fl 6: Journalists as Political Actors
Q: How do journalists act as political actors?

A

A: They set the public agenda, influencing political behavior.

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7
Q

CH 2: The Media and Politics
Fl 7: REF: Journalists as Political Actors
Q: How do journalists shape public debate?

A

A: By prioritizing which issues are covered.

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8
Q

CH 2: The Media and Politics
Fl 8: Advocacy Journalism
Q: What is advocacy journalism?

A

A: Journalism that promotes particular viewpoints or policy outcomes.

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9
Q

CH 2: The Media and Politics
Fl 9: Advocacy Journalism
Q: Give an example of advocacy journalism.

A

A: Coverage by partisan news outlets like Fox News and MSNBC.
Partisan def: blind adherence to a particular party

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10
Q

CH 2: The Media and Politics
Fl 10: Gatekeeping
Q: What is the gatekeeping role of media?

A

A: Media controls the flow of information, influencing public awareness and engagement.

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11
Q

Ch 3: News Content and Coverage
Fl 11: Choosing Media Stories
Q: What factors influence the selection of media stories?

A

A: Newsworthiness, audience appeal, editorial judgments, economic constraints, and competition.

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12
Q

Ch 3: News Content and Coverage
Fl 12: Examples of Choosing Media Stories
Q: What type of stories often get more coverage?

A

A: Sensational stories like celebrity scandals.

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13
Q

Ch 3: News Content and Coverage
Fl 13: Framing and Priming
Q: How do framing and priming influence public perception?

A

A: Media frames issues to shape interpretation and primes audiences to evaluate issues based on specific criteria.

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14
Q

Ch 3: News Content and Coverage
Fl 14: Example of Framing
Q: How can framing influence public opinion?

A

A: Framing immigration as a security threat influences public opinion.

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15
Q

Ch 4: Media Effects on Public Opinion
Fl15: Knowledge Acquisition
Q: How does media exposure affect knowledge acquisition?

A

A: Media helps with factual information dissemination about political events.

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16
Q

Ch 4: Media Effects on Public Opinion
Fl 16: Ref: for Knowledge Acquisition
Q: How does regular media consumption affect political knowledge?

A

A: It increases political savvyness

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17
Q

Ch 4: Media Effects on Public Opinion
Fl 17: Agenda-Setting
Q: What is the agenda-setting role of the media?

A

A: Media shapes public perception of importance:
By highlighting certain issues.

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18
Q

Ch 4: Media Effects on Public Opinion
Fl 18: Example of Agenda-Setting
Q: How does media coverage of climate change illustrate agenda-setting?

A

A: Extensive coverage increases public awareness of climate change.

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19
Q

Ch 4: Media Effects on Public Opinion
Fl 19: Framing Effects
Q: What are framing effects in media?

A

A: Framing influences public opinion by highlighting specific aspects of a story.

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20
Q

Ch 4: Media Effects on Public Opinion
Fl 20: Example of Framing Effects
Q: How can economic news framing affect public perception?

A

A: Framing things like unemployment rates can impact the publics perceptions of economic health.

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21
Q

Ch 4: Media Effects on Public Opinion
Fl 21: Priming Effects
Q: What are priming effects in media?

A

A: Focusing on a politician’s economic policies primes voters to consider economic performance in elections.

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22
Q

Ch 4: Media Effects on Public Opinion
Fl 22: Example of Priming Effects
Q: How can media priming influence voter behavior?

A

A: Focusing on a politician’s economic policies primes voters to consider economic performance in elections.

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23
Q

Ch 5: Media and Political Socialization
Fl 23: Early Childhood Socialization
Q: What influences political orientations in early childhood?

A

A: Family and media exposure shape initial political orientations.

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24
Q

Ch 5: Media and Political Socialization
Fl 24: Reference for Early Childhood Socialization
Q: How do children typically adopt political views?

A

A: Children often adopt political views similar to their parents.

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Ch 5: Media and Political Socialization Fl 25: Adolescence Q: What influences political learning during adolescence?
A: Schools, peers, and media influence political learning.
26
Ch 5: Media and Political Socialization Fl 26: Example of Adolescence Socialization Q: How do schools enhance political knowledge?
A: Civic education programs in schools enhance political knowledge.
27
Ch 5: Media and Political Socialization Fl 27: Adulthood Q: How do adults continue to learn about politics?
A: traditional media methods along with workplace discourse, social media.
28
Ch 6: Media and Elections Fl 29: Political Advertising Q: How does political advertising affect media coverage?
A: Integration of political ads with journalism influences coverage and public perception.
29
Ch 5: Media and Political Fl 28: Opinion on Lifelong Learning Q: Why is lifelong learning important for informed citizenship?
A: Lifelong learning through diverse media exposure is crucial for informed citizenship.
30
Ch 6: Media and Elections Fl 30: Example of Political Advertising Impact Q: How do televised political ads influence voter behavior?
A: Ads shape voter perceptions and by ext their decisions.
31
Ch 7: Investigative Journalism Fl 31: Muckraking Models Q: What are the three muckraking models described by Graber?
A: Muckraking types- 1.Simple-uncover 2.Leaping impact: create public out cry, 3.Truncated: -halted process.
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Ch 7: Investigative Journalism Fl 32: Example of Simple Muckraking Q: What is an example of simple muckraking in journalism?
A: Watergate scandal coverage by The Washington Post.
33
Q: How do economic pressures impact journalism quality?
A: Economic pressures lead to job cuts and reduced investigative reporting.
34
Q:What technological changes are transforming news consumption?
A: The rise of digital media and social networks.
35
Q: What role does media play in a democracy?
A: Media informs the public, holds the gov. accountable, and serves as a public forum.
36
Chapter 1: The News Industry Main Points
EX: Economic Pressures: Newspapers reducing investigative teams. Technological Changes: The rise of online news platforms. Role in Democracy: Investigative journalism exposing corruption.
37
Chapter 2: The Media and Politics Main Points
EX: Agenda-Setting: Media focus on climate change influencing public debate. Framing: News coverage framing immigration as a security threat. Advocacy Journalism: Partisan news outlets like Fox News and MSNBC.
38
Q: How does media set the public agenda?
A: By influencing which issues are prioritized in public debate.
39
Q: What is framing in media?
A: Framing is how media shapes public interpretation of issues.
40
Q: What is advocacy journalism?
A: Journalism that promotes specific viewpoints or policies.
41
Chapter 3: News Content and Coverage
EX: Choosing Stories: Coverage of celebrity scandals. Sensationalism: Media focus on dramatic crime stories. Gatekeeping: Decisions on what news to report and what to omit.
42
Q: What factors influence the selection of news stories?
A: Newsworthiness, audience appeal, and editorial judgment.
43
Q: Why does media often focus on sensational stories?
A: To attract more viewers and readers.
44
Q: What is the role of gatekeeping in media?
A: Deciding which stories to report and how to present them.
45
Chapter 4: Media Effects on Public Opinion
EX: Knowledge Acquisition: Media coverage of elections informing voters. Agenda-Setting: Extensive coverage of terrorism influencing public concern. Priming and Framing: Media focus on economic performance during elections.
46
Q: How does media contribute to knowledge acquisition?
A: By providing political information and news coverage.
47
Q: What is agenda-setting in media?
A: Highlighting certain issues to shape public perception of importance.
48
Q: How do priming and framing affect public opinion?
A: By influencing how issues are interpreted and evaluated.
49
Chapter 5: Media and Political Socialization
EX: Early Socialization: Children adopting parents' political views. Adolescence Influence: Civic education programs in schools. Continued Learning: Adults following political news on television and online.
50
Q: How does family influence early political socialization?
A: Children often adopt their parents' political views and attitudes.
51
Q: What role do schools play in political socialization?
A: Schools provide civic education and foster political discussions.
52
Q: How does media continue to influence political learning in adulthood?
A: By serving as a primary source of political information and news.
53
Chapter 6: Media and Elections
P-olitical Advertising: The effect of televised political ads on voter decisions. E-lection Outcomes: Media's role in swing states during elections. N-ews Coverage: Media portrayal of candidates during presidential debates.
54
Q: How do political ads impact public perception?
A: By shaping voter opinions and influencing behavior.
55
Q: What role does news coverage play in elections?
A: It shapes voter perceptions of candidates and issues.
56
Q: How does media influence election outcomes?
A: Through coverage, framing, and the dissemination of political information.
57
Chapter 7: Investigative Journalism
Muckraking: The Watergate scandal investigation by The Washington Post. Impact of Investigations: Policy changes following investigative reports on corporate misconduct. Challenges: Reduced funding for investigative journalism teams.
58
Q: What is muckraking in journalism?
A: Exposing corruption and social injustices through investigative reporting.
59
Q: How can investigative journalism impact public policy?
A: By prompting public outcry and governmental action.
60
Q: What challenges do investigative journalists face?
A: Economic and political pressures that limit their ability to conduct thorough investigations.
61
Chapter 8: Media and the Public Sphere
Public Discourse: Talk shows and opinion columns fostering debate. Representation: Coverage of minority groups and issues. Deliberative Democracy: Media's role in public forums and debates.
62
Q: How does media facilitate public discourse?
A: By providing platforms for discussion and debate.
63
Q: Why is representation important in media?
A: To ensure diverse voices and perspectives are included.
64
Q: What is the media's role in deliberative democracy?
A: Contributing to informed and rational public debate.
65
Q: What constitutes journalistic integrity?
A: Upholding ethical standards in reporting and behavior.
65
Chapter 9: Media Ethics and Responsibility
Journalistic Integrity: Codes of conduct for journalists. Accuracy and Fairness: Fact-checking processes in newsrooms. Accountability: Consequences for journalistic misconduct.
66
Q: How do media ensure accuracy and fairness?
A: Through rigorous fact-checking and balanced reporting.
67
Q: Why is accountability important in journalism?
A: To maintain public trust and uphold ethical standards.
68
Profile: Doris A. Graber
Background: Doris A. Graber is a renowned political scientist and professor emerita at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
69
The Hypodermic Needle Theory,
also known as the "magic bullet" theory, posits that mass media has a direct, immediate, and powerful effect on its audience. media messages are "injected" straight into the passive audience's mind, leading to uniform thinking and behavior.
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Minimal Effects Model
The Minimal Effects Model, in contrast to the Hypodermic Needle Theory, suggests that the influence of mass media on public opinion and behavior is relatively limited. Media effects are mediated by interpersonal communication and other social influences.
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How can the media show MEDIA Bias?
Omission, selection of sources, framing bias
72
The long-term effects of negative political advertising on voter behavior
increased voter cynicism, reduced trust in political institutions, and potential impacts on voter turnout and engagement.
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Journalists must also navigate the ethical implications of
1.reporting sensitive info, 2.protecting sources 3.fact checking breaking news
74
How does Graber assess the role of media in the agenda-setting process, particularly in the context of election campaigns?
the media plays a crucial role in the agenda-setting process during election campaigns by highlighting certain issues over others, thus influencing what the public perceives as important.
75
What strategies do political candidates use to manage media coverage, as outlined by Graber?
1.Hiring PR Firms: 2.Media Training: 3.Message Control: 4.Press Releases and Conferences: 5.Social Media Utilization: 6.Staging Events:
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How does the media's portrayal of political scandals affect public trust in government?
It can erode public trust in government by priming the audience to focus on the negative aspects of politics, leading to increased cynicism and distrust.
77
What is political socialization?
The process through which individuals develop their political attitudes, values, and beliefs. This lifelong process is influenced by various social factors, including family, education, peer groups, and media exposure."
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Doris Graber discusses several key models related to media and political communication:
Mirror Model: Media reflects reality as it is. Professional Model: Media content is influenced by professional standards Organizational Model: organizations shape news content. Political Model: Media influenced by political biases and agendas. Civic Journalism Model: Media promotes democratic deliberation.

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