Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MICN201 2025 Clinical Pharmacology > Dose-Decision Making > Flashcards

Dose-Decision Making Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics (PK)?

A

The study of what the body does to drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four main components of Pharmacokinetics (ADME)?

A
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does PK stand for?

A

Pharmacokinetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does PD stand for?

A

Pharmacodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the sequence of clinical pharmacological events?

A
  • Drug Dose
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Drug Concentration at Site of Action
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Drug Effect/s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What factors determine optimal drug dosing?

A
  • Optimal plasma concentration
  • Route of administration
  • Dose
  • Dosing interval
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition of Area Under the Curve (AUC)?

A

The fraction of the dose administered that reaches systemic circulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the formula to calculate Oral Availability (F)?

A

F = (AUC oral / AUC IV) x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a high Volume of Distribution (Vd) indicate?

A

A drug is well distributed throughout the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the importance of drug clearance (Cl)?

A

It determines the maintenance dose-rate to produce a constant plasma concentration (Cp).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definition of Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC)?

A

The lowest concentration of drug that produces toxic effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)?

A

The lowest concentration of drug that produces therapeutic effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False: First Pass Metabolism can reduce oral availability.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main routes of drug administration?

A
  • Enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal)
  • Parenteral (IV, IA, IM, SC, topical, inhalation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the advantages of oral drug delivery?

A
  • Easy to administer
  • Inexpensive formulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the disadvantages of oral drug delivery?

A
  • Slow onset
  • Subject to first pass metabolism
  • Not suitable for unconscious patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the primary metabolic system involved in drug metabolism?

A

Liver enzymes, including CYP3A4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What factors influence drug absorption?

A
  • Drug lipid solubility
  • Gastric pH
  • Blood flow
  • GIT transit time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the term ‘steady state plasma concentration (Cpss)’ refer to?

A

The point at which the overall intake of a drug is in dynamic equilibrium with its elimination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the significance of half-life (t½) in pharmacokinetics?

A

It determines the duration of action after a single dose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is drug distribution affected?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Membrane permeability
  • Organ perfusion
22
Q

Fill in the blank: The extent of Drug Distribution is dependent on _______.

Study These Flashcards
A

[Drug Lipid solubility, pH, Plasma and Tissue protein binding]

23
Q

What is passive transport in drug absorption?

Study These Flashcards
A

The movement of drugs across membranes without energy.

24
Q

What is active transport in drug absorption?

Study These Flashcards
A

An energy-dependent process that moves drugs against a concentration gradient.

25
What is the relationship between clearance and AUC?
Clearance (Cl) is inversely related to the AUC.
26
What is the impact of pH on drug ionization?
pH influences the rate of dissociation of weak acids and bases.
27
What type of drugs are more absorbed in acidic environments?
Weak acids
28
What is one advantage of inhalation drug delivery?
Allows rapid delivery directly to bronchial airways.
29
What is the effect of protein binding on drug distribution?
Only free drug can interact with receptors and produce effects.
30
Fill in the blank: The larger the Vd, the _______ the drug is distributed in the body.
[more]
31
What is the volume of distribution (Vd) for lipophilic drugs compared to hydrophilic drugs?
Lipophilic drugs have a larger Vd than hydrophilic drugs due to their ability to cross membranes readily.
32
How is the volume of distribution (Vd) calculated?
Vd = A / Cp0, where A is the amount of drug in the body and Cp0 is the initial plasma concentration.
33
What is the formula to calculate the loading dose (LD)?
LD = Vd × Css, where Css is the steady state plasma concentration.
34
What is the loading dose for Digoxin if Vd = 500L and target Cp = 1.5 µg/L?
LD = 750 µg for an IV dose.
35
If the bioavailability (F) of Digoxin is 80%, what is the corrected oral loading dose?
The corrected oral loading dose must be 937.5 µg.
36
What does t½ represent in pharmacokinetics?
t½ represents the half-life of drug elimination.
37
What factors influence the half-life (t½) of a drug?
t½ is dependent on both the volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (CL).
38
What is the relationship between clearance (Cl) and half-life (t½)?
↑ Cl leads to ↓ t½.
39
What is the formula for half-life (t½) in relation to Vd and CL?
t½ = 0.693 × Vd / CL.
40
What is the significance of understanding Vd, t½, and Cl?
These parameters impact safe dosing protocols.
41
How does patient physiological/pathophysiological status affect drug parameters?
It impacts absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs.
42
What are some factors that can affect drug absorption and distribution?
Co-administration of other drugs, changes in plasma protein binding, and oedema.
43
What is the abbreviation for the administered amount of drug in the body?
Ab.
44
What does AUC stand for in pharmacokinetics?
Area Under the Curve.
45
What does Tmax represent?
Time to maximum concentration.
46
What is Cmax?
Peak concentration (Concentration maximum).
47
What does Cp represent?
Concentration in Plasma.
48
Fill in the blank: The elimination rate constant can also be expressed as a function of _______.
half-life.
49
True or False: The natural logarithm of 2 is used to calculate half-life.
True.
50
What is the effect of pregnancy on drug parameters?
It may change absorption and distribution.
51
What is the effect of increasing Vd on half-life (t½)?
↑ Vd leads to ↑ t½.

MICN201 2025 Clinical Pharmacology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions