Dr. C. Skeletal System Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

2 DIVISIONS of Human Skeleton

Answer

1. AXIAL SKELETON

and

2. APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Question 2

2

Bones of the AXIS

Answer

Bones of the:

Skull,
Spine
Chest
Hyoid Bone

Question 3

3

AXIAL SKELETON

How Many Bones?

Answer

80 Bones

Question 4

4

APPENDICULAR - EXTREMITIES

Answer

UPPER EXTREMITIES

Shoulder - Pectoral - Girdles - Arms - Wrists & Hands

LOWER EXTREMITIES

Hip - Pelvic - Girdles - Legs - Ankles & Feet

Question 5

5

SKULL - CRANIAL CAVITY

HOW MANY BONES ?

8

Answer

6 BONES - 3 IN EACH EAR

Answer

SOFT SPOT ON BABY’S HEAD.
6 FONTANELS, or areas where Ossification is incomplete at birth.
The fontanels EVENTUALLY FUSE before a BABY IS 2-3 YEARS old.

Answer

ANTERIOR FONTANELLE: LAST TO FUSE

Frontal. - Sagittal. - and - Coronal Sutures

Occipital Fontanelle:

Lambdoid - and - Sagittal Sutures

Sphenoidal Fontanelles:

Squamous - and - Coronal Sutures

Mastoid Fontanelles:

Squamous - and - Lambdoid Sutures

Answer

Sinuses are Spaces or Cavities within some of the cranial bones.

Answer

FRONTAL,
MAXILLARY
SPHENOID
ETHMOID BONES

Answer

FRONTAL SINUSES

Answer

Forms the Posterior and Inferior Surfaces of the Cranium.

1. OCCIPITAL CONDYLES:

Articulate with Neck

2. FORAMEN MAGNUM:

Connects Cranial and Spinal Cavities

Answer

Part of Lateral Walls of Cranium and Zygomatic Arches
Articulate with Mandible
Surround and Protects Inner Ear

Answer

Unites Cranial and Facial Bones

Contains SPHENOIDAL SINUSES

Answer

Roof of the Nasal Cavity

Answer

Form the Posterior Portion of the Hard Palate.

Answer

Form Upper Jaw and Hard Palate

Contain MAXILLARY SINUSES (largest sinuses)

Answer

Protects the Spinal Cord
26 Bones: Supports the Head and Body
24 Vertebrae: the SACRUM, and the COCCYX

Answer

The Vertebral Column consists of a series of Separate Bones, or Vertebrae, Connected in such a way that they form a Fexible Curved Rod.

Answer

SPINOUS PROCESS (or spine), its TWO TRANSVERSE PROCESSES, and the Hole In Its Center, VVcalled the VERTEBRAL FORAMEN.

Answer

THORACIC and SACRAL CURVES

• Are called Primary Curves

• Or Accommodation Curves (accommodate internal organs)

Answer

Are called Secondary Curves (appear after birth)
Also called Compensation Curves

Answer

Primary Curve of spine is C in Babies.

Gradually Secondary Curves develop in the Cervical and Lumbar regions; Growing Stops.

Kyphotic Curve - Thoracic Dpine: Balance and Shock Absorption

Answer

Defined as a Spinal Curvature

Answer

BODY
ARCH

Answer

( C1 – C7 )

Answer

( T1 – T12 )

Answer

( T1 – T12 )

Answer

( L1 – L5 )

Answer

12 RIBS

Answer

1-7 RIBS are TRUE Ribs

8-12 are FALSE.

Answer

MANUBRIUM
STERNAL BODY
XIPHOID process

Answer

Allows us to Move and Manipulate Objects

Includes ALL Bones besides Axial Skeleton

• The LIMBS

• The supportive GIRDLES

Answer

Connects the Arms to the body

TWO CLAVICLES
TWO SCAPULAE

Answer

ALSO CALLED THE: Collarbones

Answer

Also called Shoulder Blades

Answer

Also called the Arm:
is the Long Bone of the Arm and the 2nd Longest Bone in the body.
Attached at the Concave GLENOID CAVITY of the scapula at its Proximal End

Answer

8 Bones: CARPAL or Wrist bones,

5 Bones: METACARPAL bones Palm of the Hand.

14 Bones: PHALANGESOR FINGER BONES (3 in all fingers, 2 in the thumb)

27 BONES In All

Answer

The 5 Long Bones of the Hand.

Answer

14 Total Finger Bones – Pollex.

Answer

ILIUM - ISCHIUM - PUBIS:
Hip, or Pelvic Girdle, connects the legs to the Trunk.
Pelvic Girdle as a whole consists of 2 Large Coxal Bones (= pelvic bones).
Bones Grow Together to become one bone in an adult

Answer

-- Femur (Thigh)

– Patella (Kneecap)

– Tibia and fibula (Leg)

– Tarsals (Ankle)

– Metatarsals (Foot)

– Phalanges (Toes)

Answer

– Also called the Kneecap

- BASE attaches Quadriceps Femoris.

– APEX attaches Patellar Ligament.

Answer

Also called the Shinbone.

Answer

Attaches Muscles of Feet and Toes.

Foot bones comparable to the Metacarpals and Carpals of the Hand have Slightly Different Names. They are called METATARSALS and TARSALS in the foot..

-- The Largest Tarsal Bone is the CALCANEUS, or Heel Bone.

Answer

• 14 Bones TOTAL of the Toe Bones – Hallux:

• Big Toe or Great Toe, 2 Phalanges ( distal, proxima l)

– Other four toes:

• 3 Phalanges (distal, medial, proximal)

Answer

Process of Blood Cell Formation.

PROTECTION - Hard, Bony “Boxes” Protect Delicate Structures enclosed within them.

LEVERAGE (force of motion) - As muscles contract and shorten, they Pull on Bones and thereby move them.

Answer

Humerus ------ Arm bone - Long
Carpals ----- Wrist bone - Short
Frontal ------ Skull bone - Flat
Vertebrae - Spinal bones - Irregular

Answer

Shaft — a Hollow Tube Made of Hard, Compact Bone.... Permits Easy Movement.

Answer

HOLLOW Area inside the Diaphysis of a bone….

Contains “SOFT yellow BONE MARROW”, an Inactive, Fatty Form of Marrow found in the Adult Skeleton

Answer

Wide Part at Each End — Red Bone Marrow Fills in Small Spaces in the Spongy Bone composing the Epiphyses

Answer

Thin Layer of Cartilage Covering Each Epiphysis.

Functions like a Small Rubber Cushion over the ends of bones where they Form a Joint

Answer

Strong Fibrous Membrane covering long bone everywhere except at joint surfaces.

Answer

Thin Membrane that Lines the Medullary Cavity

Answer

COMPACT BONE appears Solid to the Naked Eye.

Porous Bone in the End of the Long Bone is called SPONGY BONE or CANCELLOUS BONE.

Answer

Circular and Tube like OSTEON is composed of Calcified Matrix Arranged in Multiple Layers that Resemble the Rings of an Onion.

Answer

Cartilage is Avascular and Bone is Abundantly Vascular.

NOTE: Cartilage Cells, called chondrocytes

Answer

Most common type of Cartilage the Body.....

Answer

ELASTIC CARTILAGE: Gives Form to the External Ear, the Epiglottis

FIBROCARTILAGE: Fibrous cartilage — is Strong, Rigid.

Characterized by Abundant Fibrous Elements within the Matrix...

Answer

1. OsteoCytes

2. OsteoBlasts

3. OsteoClasts

ONLY 2% of Bone Mass.

Answer

Immature Bone Cells that Secrete Matrix Compounds
( OsteoGenesis )

Answer

FUNCTIONS:

Maintain Protein and Mineral Content of Matrix
Help Repair Damaged Bone
Do NOT Divide

Answer

Bone-Dissolving Cells that Remove the Hard Calcium Salts in Bone Matrix.

Answer

Matrix Forms an Open Network of TRABECULAE

Space between TRABECULAE is filled with RED BONE MARROW.

HAS BLOOD VESSELS

FORMS RED BLOOD CELLS ( or, HEMATOPOIESIS )

Answer

Human Bones Grow Until about AGE 25

Osteogenesis - Bone formation

Ossification - The Process of Replacing Other Tissues with Bone.

Answer

INTRAMEMBRANOUS: Bone Forms Directly within MesenChyme.

ENDOCHONDRAL: Involves Replacement of Cartilage with Bone.

Answer

INTRAMEMBRANOUS Ossification:

Occurs within the Womb ( Begins 8th- 9th week ).

Answer

All Cartilage is Ossified Except the areas between the Diaphysis (shaft) and Epiphysis (end).

Question 6

6

BONES IN THE MIDDLE OF EAR

HOW MANY ?

Question 7

7

FONTANELLES

Question 8

8

What Are The Different

FONTANELLE'S &. FUNCTIONS

Question 9

9

SINUSES

Question 10

10

4 Pairs of SINUSES

referred to: Paranasal Sinuses

Question 11

11

FRONTAL CRANIAL BONE: Contains

Question 12

12

Occipital Bone

Question 13

13

TEMPORAL BONE

Question 14

14

SPHENOID

Question 15

15

Ethmoid Bone

Question 16

16

Palatine Bones

Question 17

17

THE MAXILLAE

Question 18

18

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Question 19

19

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Consists Of ?

Question 20

20

VERTEBRAE SMALL BONE

Question 21

21

2 CURVES of the VERTEBRAL

Question 22

22

LUMBAR and CERVICAL CURVES

Question 23

23

SPINAL CURVATURE:

CONVEX CURE: KYPHITIC

Question 24

24

SCOLIOSIS

Question 25

25

COMMON PARTS OF THE SPINAL CORD

Question 26

26

Cervical Vertebrae LOCATION:

Question 27

27

Thoracic Vertebrae LOCATION:

Question 28

28

Thoracic vertebrae LOCATION:

Question 29

29

Lumbar vertebrae LOCATION:

Question 30

30

How many RIBS DO WE HAVE?

Question 31

31

TRUE & FALSE RIBS

Question 32

32

STERNUM: 3 Parts of the Sternum

Question 33

33

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Question 34

34

PECTORAL - GIRDLE

Question 35

35

CLAVICLES

Question 36

36

SCAPULAE

Question 37

37

HUMERUS

Question 38

38

WRIST – HAND BONES: Name and Count

Question 39

39

METACARPAL BONES

Question 40

40

PHALANGES of the Hands: HOW MANY BONES

Question 41

41

BONES OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE

Question 42

42

BONES OF THE LOWER LIMBS

Question 43

43

THE PATELLA

Question 44

44

THE TIBIA

Question 45

45

THE FIBULA

Question 46

46

PHALANGES OF THE FOOT – PHALANGES

Question 47

47

HematoPoiesis - ( RED Marrow )

BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION

Question 48

48

4 Major Types of Bones

According to Overall Structure

Question 49

49

Diaphysis

Question 50

50

Medullary Cavity

Question 51

51

Epiphyses

Question 52

52

Articular Cartilage

Question 53

53

Periosteum

Question 54

54

Endosteum

Question 55

55

SPONGY BONE

Question 56

56

COMPACT & SPONGY BONE

Question 57

57

CARTILAGE

Question 58

58

HYALINE CARTILAGE

Question 59

59

2 TYPES OF CARTILAGE

Question 60

60

Bone Contains - 3 Types of Cells

Question 61

61

OSTEOBLASTS

Question 62

62

OSTEOCYTES

Question 63

63

OSTEOCLASTS

Question 64

64

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Dr. C. Skeletal System Flashcards Preview

Dr. C. Skeletal System > Dr. C. Skeletal System > Flashcards

2 DIVISIONS of Human Skeleton

1. AXIAL SKELETON and 2. APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Bones of the AXIS

Bones of the: Skull, Spine Chest Hyoid Bone

AXIAL SKELETON How Many Bones?

80 Bones

APPENDICULAR - EXTREMITIES

UPPER EXTREMITIES Shoulder - Pectoral - Girdles - Arms - Wrists & Hands LOWER EXTREMITIES ​ Hip - Pelvic - Girdles - Legs - Ankles & Feet

SKULL - CRANIAL CAVITY HOW MANY BONES ?

8

BONES IN THE MIDDLE OF EAR HOW MANY ?

6 BONES - 3 IN EACH EAR

FONTANELLES

SOFT SPOT ON BABY’S HEAD. 6 FONTANELS, or areas where Ossification is incomplete at birth. The fontanels EVENTUALLY FUSE before a BABY IS 2-3 YEARS old.

What Are The Different FONTANELLE'S &. FUNCTIONS

ANTERIOR FONTANELLE: LAST TO FUSE Frontal. - Sagittal. - and - Coronal Sutures Occipital Fontanelle: Lambdoid - and - Sagittal Sutures Sphenoidal Fontanelles: Squamous - and - Coronal Sutures Mastoid Fontanelles: Squamous - and - Lambdoid Sutures

SINUSES

Sinuses are Spaces or Cavities within some of the cranial bones.

4 Pairs of SINUSES referred to: Paranasal Sinuses

FRONTAL, MAXILLARY SPHENOID ETHMOID BONES

FRONTAL CRANIAL BONE: Contains

FRONTAL SINUSES

Occipital Bone

Forms the Posterior and Inferior Surfaces of the Cranium. 1. OCCIPITAL CONDYLES: Articulate with Neck 2. FORAMEN MAGNUM: Connects Cranial and Spinal Cavities

TEMPORAL BONE

Part of Lateral Walls of Cranium and Zygomatic Arches Articulate with Mandible Surround and Protects Inner Ear

SPHENOID

Unites Cranial and Facial Bones Contains SPHENOIDAL SINUSES

Ethmoid Bone

Roof of the Nasal Cavity

Palatine Bones

Form the Posterior Portion of the Hard Palate.

THE MAXILLAE

Form Upper Jaw and Hard Palate Contain MAXILLARY SINUSES (largest sinuses)

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Protects the Spinal Cord 26 Bones: Supports the Head and Body 24 Vertebrae: the SACRUM, and the COCCYX

VERTEBRAL COLUMN Consists Of ?

The Vertebral Column consists of a series of Separate Bones, or Vertebrae, Connected in such a way that they form a Fexible Curved Rod.

VERTEBRAE SMALL BONE

SPINOUS PROCESS (or spine), its TWO TRANSVERSE PROCESSES, and the Hole In Its Center, VVcalled the VERTEBRAL FORAMEN.

2 CURVES of the VERTEBRAL

THORACIC and SACRAL CURVES • Are called Primary Curves • Or Accommodation Curves (accommodate internal organs)

LUMBAR and CERVICAL CURVES

Are called Secondary Curves (appear after birth) Also called Compensation Curves

SPINAL CURVATURE: CONVEX CURE: KYPHITIC

Primary Curve of spine is C in Babies. Gradually Secondary Curves develop in the Cervical and Lumbar regions; Growing Stops. Kyphotic Curve - Thoracic Dpine: Balance and Shock Absorption

SCOLIOSIS

Defined as a Spinal Curvature

COMMON PARTS OF THE SPINAL CORD

BODY ARCH

Cervical Vertebrae LOCATION:

( C1 – C7 )

Thoracic Vertebrae LOCATION:

( T1 – T12 )

Thoracic vertebrae LOCATION:

( T1 – T12 )

Lumbar vertebrae LOCATION:

( L1 – L5 )

How many RIBS DO WE HAVE?

12 RIBS

TRUE & FALSE RIBS

1-7 RIBS are TRUE Ribs 8-12 are FALSE.

STERNUM: 3 Parts of the Sternum

MANUBRIUM STERNAL BODY XIPHOID process

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Allows us to Move and Manipulate Objects Includes ALL Bones besides Axial Skeleton • The LIMBS • The supportive GIRDLES

PECTORAL - GIRDLE

Connects the Arms to the body TWO CLAVICLES TWO SCAPULAE

CLAVICLES

ALSO CALLED THE: Collarbones

SCAPULAE

Also called Shoulder Blades

HUMERUS

Also called the Arm: is the Long Bone of the Arm and the 2nd Longest Bone in the body. Attached at the Concave GLENOID CAVITY of the scapula at its Proximal End

WRIST – HAND BONES: Name and Count

8 Bones: CARPAL or Wrist bones, 5 Bones: METACARPAL bones Palm of the Hand. 14 Bones: PHALANGESOR FINGER BONES (3 in all fingers, 2 in the thumb) 27 BONES In All

METACARPAL BONES

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1. AXIAL SKELETON

and

2. APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Bones of the:

Skull,

Spine

Chest

Hyoid Bone

AXIAL SKELETON

How Many Bones?

UPPER EXTREMITIES

Shoulder - Pectoral - Girdles - Arms - Wrists & Hands

LOWER EXTREMITIES

Hip - Pelvic - Girdles - Legs - Ankles & Feet

SKULL - CRANIAL CAVITY

HOW MANY BONES ?

BONES IN THE MIDDLE OF EAR

HOW MANY ?

SOFT SPOT ON BABY’S HEAD.

6 FONTANELS, or areas where Ossification is incomplete at birth.

The fontanels EVENTUALLY FUSE before a BABY IS 2-3 YEARS old.

What Are The Different

FONTANELLE'S &. FUNCTIONS

ANTERIOR FONTANELLE: LAST TO FUSE

Frontal. - Sagittal. - and - Coronal Sutures

Occipital Fontanelle:

Lambdoid - and - Sagittal Sutures

Sphenoidal Fontanelles:

Squamous - and - Coronal Sutures

Mastoid Fontanelles:

Squamous - and - Lambdoid Sutures

4 Pairs of SINUSES

referred to: Paranasal Sinuses

FRONTAL,

MAXILLARY

SPHENOID

ETHMOID BONES

Forms the Posterior and Inferior Surfaces of the Cranium.

1. OCCIPITAL CONDYLES:

Articulate with Neck

2. FORAMEN MAGNUM:

Connects Cranial and Spinal Cavities

Part of Lateral Walls of Cranium and Zygomatic Arches

Articulate with Mandible

Surround and Protects Inner Ear

Unites Cranial and Facial Bones

Contains SPHENOIDAL SINUSES

Form Upper Jaw and Hard Palate

Contain MAXILLARY SINUSES (largest sinuses)

Protects the Spinal Cord

26 Bones: Supports the Head and Body

24 Vertebrae: the SACRUM, and the COCCYX

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Consists Of ?

THORACIC and SACRAL CURVES

• Are called Primary Curves

• Or Accommodation Curves (accommodate internal organs)

Are called Secondary Curves (appear after birth)

Also called Compensation Curves

SPINAL CURVATURE:

CONVEX CURE: KYPHITIC

Primary Curve of spine is C in Babies.

Gradually Secondary Curves develop in the Cervical and Lumbar regions; Growing Stops.

Kyphotic Curve - Thoracic Dpine: Balance and Shock Absorption

BODY

ARCH

1-7 RIBS are TRUE Ribs

8-12 are FALSE.

MANUBRIUM

STERNAL BODY

XIPHOID process

Allows us to Move and Manipulate Objects

Includes ALL Bones besides Axial Skeleton

• The LIMBS

• The supportive GIRDLES

Connects the Arms to the body

TWO CLAVICLES

TWO SCAPULAE

Also called the Arm:

is the Long Bone of the Arm and the 2nd Longest Bone in the body.

Attached at the Concave GLENOID CAVITY of the scapula at its Proximal End

8 Bones: CARPAL or Wrist bones,

5 Bones: METACARPAL bones Palm of the Hand.

14 Bones: PHALANGESOR FINGER BONES (3 in all fingers, 2 in the thumb)

27 BONES In All

ILIUM - ISCHIUM - PUBIS:

Hip, or Pelvic Girdle, connects the legs to the Trunk.

Pelvic Girdle as a whole consists of 2 Large Coxal Bones (= pelvic bones).

Bones Grow Together to become one bone in an adult

-- Femur (Thigh)

– Patella (Kneecap)

– Tibia and fibula (Leg)

– Tarsals (Ankle)

– Metatarsals (Foot)

– Phalanges (Toes)

– Also called the Kneecap

- BASE attaches Quadriceps Femoris.

– APEX attaches Patellar Ligament.

Attaches Muscles of Feet and Toes.

Foot bones comparable to the Metacarpals and Carpals of the Hand have Slightly Different Names. They are called METATARSALS and TARSALS in the foot..

-- The Largest Tarsal Bone is the CALCANEUS, or Heel Bone.

• 14 Bones TOTAL of the Toe Bones – Hallux:

• Big Toe or Great Toe, 2 Phalanges ( distal, proxima l)

– Other four toes:

• 3 Phalanges (distal, medial, proximal)

HematoPoiesis - ( RED Marrow )

BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION

Process of Blood Cell Formation.

PROTECTION - Hard, Bony “Boxes” Protect Delicate Structures enclosed within them.

LEVERAGE (force of motion) - As muscles contract and shorten, they Pull on Bones and thereby move them.

4 Major Types of Bones

According to Overall Structure

Humerus ------ Arm bone - Long

Carpals ----- Wrist bone - Short

Frontal ------ Skull bone - Flat

Vertebrae - Spinal bones - Irregular

HOLLOW Area inside the Diaphysis of a bone….

Contains “SOFT yellow BONE MARROW”, an Inactive, Fatty Form of Marrow found in the Adult Skeleton

Thin Layer of Cartilage Covering Each Epiphysis.

Functions like a Small Rubber Cushion over the ends of bones where they Form a Joint

COMPACT BONE appears Solid to the Naked Eye.

Porous Bone in the End of the Long Bone is called SPONGY BONE or CANCELLOUS BONE.

Cartilage is Avascular and Bone is Abundantly Vascular.

NOTE: Cartilage Cells, called chondrocytes

ELASTIC CARTILAGE: Gives Form to the External Ear, the Epiglottis

FIBROCARTILAGE: Fibrous cartilage — is Strong, Rigid.

Characterized by Abundant Fibrous Elements within the Matrix...

1. OsteoCytes

2. OsteoBlasts

3. OsteoClasts

ONLY 2% of Bone Mass.

Immature Bone Cells that Secrete Matrix Compounds

( OsteoGenesis )

FUNCTIONS:

Maintain Protein and Mineral Content of Matrix

Help Repair Damaged Bone

Do NOT Divide

Matrix Forms an Open Network of TRABECULAE

Space between TRABECULAE is filled with RED BONE MARROW.

HAS BLOOD VESSELS

FORMS RED BLOOD CELLS ( or, HEMATOPOIESIS )

Human Bones Grow Until about AGE 25

Osteogenesis - Bone formation

Ossification - The Process of Replacing Other Tissues with Bone.