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NCE and CPCE Review > Dr. Muller's Practice Questions > Flashcards

Dr. Muller's Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

In __________ therapy, problem saturated stories are deconstructed before new stories are co-created.

a. Narrative
b. Structural
c. Directive
d. Cognitive Behavioral

A

a. Narrative

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2
Q

In _________ therapy, the past of a client is downplayed while the present and the future are highlighted.

a. Psychoanalytic Brief Therapy
b. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
c. Gestalt Brief Therapy
d. Transgenerational Family Therapy

A

b. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy

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3
Q

Connie is your 13-year-old daughter. Connie is a straight A student. You reward Connie with $25 each time she makes all A’s. This is an example of which of the following?

a. Negative Reinforcement
b. Positive Reinforcement
c. Extinction
d. Positive Punishment

A

b. Positive Reinforcement

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4
Q

Lucy is your 8-year-old daughter. Lucy has been misbehaving at home. In response, you add in a time-out procedure for Lucy each time she misbehaves. This is an example of which of the following?

a. Positive Reinforcement
b. Negative Reinforcement
c. Positive Punishment
d. None of the above

A

c. Positive Punishment

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5
Q

You have a tendency to form conclusions based on an isolated event. For example, you’ve made A’s throughout your college career. In your history course, you make an F on an assignment and you feel as though you are the dumbest person in the world. This is an example of which of the following Cognitive Theory Cognitive Distortions?

a. Selective Abstraction
b. Personalization
c. Polarized Thinking
d. None of the Above

A

a. Selective Abstraction

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6
Q

Career development interventions began with whom (trait and factor approach)?

a. Frank Parsons
b. Ann Rowe
c. Donald Super
d. Linda Gottredson

A

a. Frank Parsons

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7
Q

_________’s theory focuses on the developmental aspects of career, emphasizing one’s life-span, life-space and self-concept?

a. John Holland
b. Anne Roe
c. John Krumboltz
d. Donald Super

A

d. Donald Super

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8
Q

_________ consists of the untamed drives/impulses; completely irrational, amoral, and impulsive; focusing only on the satisfying of needs

a. id
b. ego
c. superego

A

a. id

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9
Q

Free Association is a technique used under which of the following models:

a. solution focused
b. psychoanalytic
c. narrative
d. person centered

A

b. psychoanalytic

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10
Q

Lucy has a fear of going to movie theaters. Lucy feels as though she is “trapped” when she is inside a movie theater. Lucy also has a fear of being in parking lots. Lucy developed her fears when she was 5 years old. Since the age of 5, she has avoided going to movie theaters and any events where there are large parking lots that may make her escape difficult. Lucy develops anxiety when she is asked by someone to go to a movie theater or to a place where a large parking lot may exist. Based on the information provided, Lucy most likely has which of the following?

a. generalized anxiety disorder
b. panic disorder
c. specific disorder
d. agoraphobia

A

d. agoraphobia

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11
Q

________ is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least 1 hypomanic episode?

a. major depressive episode
b. bipolar disorder II
c. schizophrenia
d. bipolar disorder I

A

b. bipolar disorder II

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12
Q

Lauren (counselor) is working with Susan (client) who has recently lost a loved one. Lauren asks Susan to “imagine” that her loved one is sitting in the room with them. Lauren then asks Susan to share her feelings with this “person.” Based on the information, Lauren is using which of the following approaches:

a. Solution-Focused
b. Person-Centered
c. Gestalt
d. Adlerian

A

c. Gestalt

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13
Q

John (therapist) believes that people’s behavior is best explained as reactions to stimulus in their environment. John is probably working from a _______ theoretical perspective.

a. person-centered
b. solution-focused
c. behavioral
d. narrative

A

c. behavioral

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14
Q

During the _____ stage of change, people are aware of a problem and are considering overcoming it, but they have not yet made a commitment to take action to bring about the change.

a. preparation
b. contemplation
c. pre-contemplation
d. action

A

b. contemplation

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15
Q

James is interested in studying the impact of exercising on weight. James found from this study that an increase in exercise resulted in a decrease in weight. What sort of relationship does exercise and weight have in this study?

a. positive
b. negative
c. direct
d. diverse

A

b. negative

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16
Q

_______ refers to the accuracy of test scores.

a. validity
b. diversity
c. reliability
d. adaptability

A

c. reliability

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17
Q

A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego defense?

a. displacement
b. reaction formation
c. introjection
d. projection
e. regression

A

b. reaction formation

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18
Q

During Freud’s _______ stage of personality development, an individual’s sexual urges are awakened, develop an interest in the opposite sex, and engage in sexual experimentation.

a. anal stage
b. latency stage
c. genital stage
d. phallic stage

A

c. genital stage

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19
Q

Adlerian theory begins with consideration of _______ feelings which is feeling less than others in a specific area (ex. I’m not smart enough).

a. compensation
b. inferiority
c. displacement
d. reaction formation

A

b. inferiority

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20
Q

According to Holland’s theory, people who view the world in terms of power and status, participate in activities that involve the manipulation of others to attain organizational/self-interest goals, and see themselves as aggressive, popular, and self confident generally flourish best in which of the following environments?

a. perfectionistic
b. social
c. enterprising
d. understanding

A

c. enterprising

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21
Q

According to Holland’s theory, people who enjoy participating in ambiguous, free and unsystematized activities to create art forms or products and view themselves as expressive, nonconforming, and independent generally flourish best in which of the following environments?

a. social
b. realistic
c. artistic
d. enterprising

A

c. artistic

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22
Q

Jim has been eating non-nutritive, non-food substances for the past two months. Jim has been eating the following items: paper, soap, cloth, wool, paint, and metal. Based on this information, Jim most likely has ______

a. trichotillomania
b. pica
c. bulimia nervosa
d. anorexia nervosa

A

b. pica

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23
Q

__________ is characterized by a preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in one’s physical appearance that are not observable or appears slight to others. At some point during the course of the disorder, the individual performs repetitive behaviors such as mirror checking/excessive grooming.

a. anorexia nervosa
b. body dysmorphic disorder
c. bulimia nervosa
d. obsessive compulsive disorder

A

b. body dysmorphic disorder

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24
Q

Cynthia is attending your counseling session. Your currently receiving supervision for your licensure. Cynthia receives services from a psychiatrist. Cynthia verbally expresses to you that she would like for you to talk to her psychiatrist regarding her medication. Based ONLY on the information provided, which of the following are true:

a. Cynthia’s verbal consent allows you to talk to her psychiatrist.
b. You cannot reach out to the psychiatrist yourself, but if the psychiatrist calls you, you can speak with them about Cynthia’s counseling progress.
c. Since you are underneath your supervisor’s license, the supervisor can speak to the psychiatrist on your behalf due to Cynthia’s consent in session.
d. You nor your supervisor can speak to Cynthia’s psychiatrist.

A

d. You nor your supervisor can speak to Cynthia’s psychiatrist.

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25
Q

__________ is characterized by a predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality associated with difficulty maintaining sleep, and/or early morning awakening with inability to return to sleep. The disturbance generally occurs at least three nights per week despite having adequate opportunity to sleep.

a. narcolepsy
b. sleepwalking
c. insomnia disorder
d. sleep talking

A

c. insomnia disorder

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26
Q

In ________ groups, the focus is set on the following concerns rooted in human existence: Freedom, Existential isolation, Meaninglessness, and Death.

a. Existential
b. Person-Centered
c. Psychoanalytic
d. Gestalt

A

a. Existential

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27
Q

In Person-Centered Group Therapy, the heavily experienced group facilitator usually knows what is best for novice group members.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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28
Q

_________ refers to feelings about the past that are unexpressed and generally linger in one’s background and interfere with one’s functioning.

a. cognitive dissonance
b. psychodrama
c. reversal exercise
d. unfinished business

A

d. unfinished business

29
Q

John is a group leader. The group members in John’s group are all second graders who scored above average on the end of year test. Each of the group members are from the same neighborhood, each attend a local after school program, and each come from a similar economic background. Once the group begins, no new members can join. Based on this information ONLY, which of the following can be inferred about this group?

a. open homogenous group
b. closed homogenous group
c. open heterogenous group
d. closed heterogenous group

A

b. closed homogenous group

30
Q

Fritz Pearl is best associated with which theory?

a. Person-Centered
b. Gestalt
c. CBT
d. Narrative

A

b. Gestalt

31
Q

__________ personality theory of career choice suggests that unmet needs from childhood become important factors in the occupational choice people make.

a. Anne Roe’s
b. Donald Super’s
c. John Gottfredson’s
d. Frank Parsons’

A

a. Anne Roe’s

32
Q

_________ theory of circumscription, compromise, and self-creation is based on the process of eliminating unacceptable occupational alternatives based primarily on gender/social class (circumscription) and the process of modifying career choices due to limiting factors such as availability of jobs (compromise).

a. Roe
b. Gottfredson
c. Super
d. Holland

A

b. Gottfredson

33
Q

Ben and Suzy are your clients. Ben and Suzy have been dating for six years now and often have difficulty communicating with each other. Instead of arguing with Suzy, Ben typically tries to make Suzy happy and takes most of the blame so that he can protect her. Ben is demonstrating which of the following communication stances?

a. blaming
b. placating
c. super reasonable
d. irrelevant

A

b. placating

34
Q

According to Feminist Therapy, the counseling relationship should not be egalitarian and the counselor should hold greater power in the counseling relationship.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

35
Q

_________ assume that multiple truths exist (NO ABSOLUTE TRUTH)

a. Modernist
b. Cognitive Behaviorist
c. Postmodernist
d. Behaviorist

A

c. Postmodernist

36
Q

Based on Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, clients who come to therapy because someone else thinks they have a problem (they do not see themselves as having a problem and don’t want to be in counseling) are called which of the following?

a. visitor
b. complaintant
c. customer
d. blamer

A

b. complaintant

37
Q

In Narrative Therapy, ______ is the process of separating the person from the identifying problem (You have issues with anger; You are not an angry person).

a. externalization
b. coping
c. sculpting
d. countertransference

A

a. externalization

38
Q

You just received a call from an employer offering you a counseling position. This will be your first counseling job. You are excited but also nervous. You are nervous because you believe that your colleagues will not respect you because of your lack of experience. You have made a conclusion without any supporting or relevant evidence. This is an example of which of the following Cognitive Therapy Cognitive Distortion?

a. arbitrary inference
b. neutral thinking
c. magnification and minimization
d. polarized thinking

A

a. arbitrary inference

39
Q

Your client shows up for one counseling session and never returns. You are devastated by your client never returning to counseling. You believe that you are the sole reason why your client does not return. You have a tendency to relate external events to yourself. This is an example of which of the following Cognitive Therapy Cognitive Distortion?

a. personalization
b. magnification and minimization
c. polarized thinking
d. labeling and mislabeling

A

a. personalization

40
Q

Samantha is overly concerned about her body and her weight. Samantha compares herself to her sister and desires to weigh less than her sister. Due to this, Samantha’s desire to weigh less, she exercises twice a day for 5 days a week. Samantha’s weight is less than the average person her size. Based on only the information provided, which diagnosis is most appropriate:

a. Bulimia Nervosa
b. Anorexia Nervosa
c. Binge Eating Disorder
d. Diet Restriction Disorder

A

b. Anorexia Nervosa

41
Q

Jennifer is overly concerned with her body image. Jennifer is a cheerleader and often compares herself to the other cheerleaders on the team. Jennifer has a good appetite and eats regularly. However, Jennifer participates in compensatory behaviors such as vomiting and taking laxatives. Based only on the information provided, which diagnosis is most appropriate:

a. Bulimia Nervosa
b. Anorexia Nervosa
c. Binge Eating Disorder
d. Diet Restriction Disorder

A

a. Bulimia Nervosa

42
Q

_________ theory of evolution is based on assertion that all living species have descended over time from common ancestry.

a. Darwin
b. Freud
c. Krumboltz
d. Jung

A

a. Darwin

43
Q

________ suggests that differential reproduction or the process whereby certain traits or characteristics of a species that are more adaptable to the environment survive. Conversely, traits within species that do not promote survival within environment result in extinction of that species.

a. Natural Selection
b. Evolution
c. Social Aging
d. Trait-Factor Approach

A

a. natural selection

44
Q

________ theory suggests that heredity/genetics was largely responsible for child development and that parental influence/environmental factors had limited impact on development of a child.

a. John Bowlby Attachment Theory
b. Arnold Gesell’s Maturation Theory
c. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
d. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

A

b. Arnold Gesell’s Maturation Theory

45
Q

________ is synonymous with the term operant conditioning which focuses on reinforcements (consequences that strengthen or increase the frequency of the behavior they follow) and punishments (adverse events that decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow).

a. Pavlov
b. Skinner
c. Erikson
d. Bowen

A

b. Skinner

46
Q

Stacy is 3 years old. Stacy’s mom will play peek-a-boo with her each time before she has food. Each time Stacy’s mom plays peek-a-boo, Stacy is excited and begins expecting food to come. Today, Stacy’s mom played peek-boo with her but did not feed her directly after. Stacy became irritated and began crying and asking for food. Stacy’s association between peek-a-boo and food is a consequence of which of the following concepts:

a. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning
c. social learning
d. transference

A

b. classical conditioning

47
Q

During the _______ stage of ______ theory of cognitive development, children develop ability to use mental representations, rather than the physical appearance of objects or people, improves greatly. Examples of abstract representation include engaging in pretend play and talking about events that happened in the past or people who are not currently in the room.

a. Preoperational; Piaget
b. Sensorimotor; Piaget
c. Intelligence; Jensen’s
d. Evolution; Robinson
e. None of the above

A

a. Preoperational; Piaget

48
Q

During the ______ stage of ______ theory of cognitive development, children are more capable of solving problems because they can consider numerous outcomes and perspectives. All of their cognitive abilities are better developed in this stage.

a. Preoperational; Piaget
b. Concrete Operational; Piaget
c. Constant Factor; Parson
d. None of the above

A

b. Concrete Operational; Piaget

49
Q

Family sculpting is a technique most commonly associated with which of the following theories:

a. Narrative Family Therapy
b. Bowenian Family Therapy
c. Experiential Family Therapy
d. Structural Family Therapy

A

c. Experiential Family Therapy

50
Q

_________ influenced the field of career guidance/counseling by emphasizing the developmental aspects of career?

a. Murray Bowen
b. Frank Parsons
c. Donald Super
d. John Holland

A

c. Donald Super

51
Q

According to the _______ approach, career counseling should involve the following steps:
1. development of a clear understanding of the client (aptitude, abilities, interests, resources)
2. knowledge of the requirements and conditions of success for potential jobs
3. True reasoning to relate these two groups of facts

a. Parsonian
b. Sterling
c. Jackson
d. Anne Roe’s Personality Theory

A

a. Parsonian

52
Q

According to Holland’s Theory, people who see themselves liking to help others, as being understanding of others problems, and enjoying informing, training, and enlightening others generally flourish best in which of the following environments?

a. Conventional
b. Artistic
c. Realistic
d. Social

A

d. Social

53
Q

Transference in the psychoanalytic group is viewed as

a. a way the group leader can gain increased awareness of their family system
b. a means to uncover conflicts and the core of group work
c. unhelpful and distracting
d. a sign that therapy is ineffective

A

b. a means to uncover conflicts and the core of group work

54
Q

A group leader who utilizes the person-centered approach to group therapy most likely does which of the following?

a. Focuses more on the problem than the individuals in the group
b. Suggests that they know more than the client
c. Believes that group members can understand and resolve their problems without direct intervention of the leader
d. None of the Above

A

c. Believes that group members can understand and resolve their problems without direct intervention of the leader

55
Q

________ refers to feelings about the past that are unexpressed and generally linger in one’s background and interfere with one’s functioning.

a. psychodrama
b. reversal exercise
c. cognitive dissonance
d. unfinished business

A

d. unfinished business

56
Q

Which of the following contact boundary disturbances (Gestalt) occurs when one withholds emotions, thoughts, and behavior and redirects them back onto oneself?

a. retroflection
b. projection
c. transference
d. countertransference

A

a. retroflection

57
Q

Cynthia is a female basketball player. When she becomes frustrated on the basketball court, she begins yelling and screaming. The coaches tell her that she is overly emotional. Cynthia comes to counseling and speaks with a counselor about this issue. After attending counseling, Cynthia now views her frustration during basketball games as showing passion (positive) instead of being overly emotional (negative). The changing of the label described above is an example of which intervention strategy.

a. affirmation
b. paradoxical intervention
c. relabeling
d. bibliotherapy

A

c. relabeling

58
Q

________ is a term used to describe when a 3rd party is recruited to reduce anxiety and stabilize a couple’s relationship.

a. triangulation
b. differentiation of self
c. emotional reactivity
d. sculpting

A

a. triangulation

59
Q

Physically arranging family members in session to depict familial relationships/connectedness is called which of the following techniques?

a. family sculpting
b. triangulation
c. emotional reactivity
d. unique outcomes

A

a. family sculpting

60
Q

Counselors who believe in social constructionism value the client’s reality without disputing whether it is accurate or rational. (The client is the expert, not the counselor.)

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

61
Q

One of the goals of _______ therapy is to identify internalized gender-role messages and replace them with functional beliefs.

a. Feminist
b. Reality
c. Cognitive Behavioral
d. Behavioral

A

a. Feminist

62
Q

Rex is a 22-year-old professional basketball player. Rex is a good player and contributes much of his success to hard work and practice. Rex believes that one hour of practice before a game will improve his play. Rex averages 10 more points a game when he practices one hour before the game begins. When Rex does not practice, he averages 10 fewer points. Rex hypothesizes that one hour of practice is positive correlated to an increase in his scoring. Based on the information provided, which of the following is the independent variable?

a. one hour of practice before game
b. increase in scoring
c. Rex’s previous scoring average when he doesn’t practice
d. none of the above

A

a. one hour of practice before game

63
Q

Melissa is a body builder and enjoys lifting weights. Melissa is interested in trying out a new protein drink to see if it will increase her ability to lift weights. Melissa’s coach is interested in finding out the benefits of the protein drink so she instructs half of Melissa’s teammates to begin drinking the protein drink after practice (10 people; including Melissa). Melissa’s coach instructs her other 10 teammates to not consume the protein drink and just rely on natural growth of muscles. Based on the information above, which of the following is the control group?

a. 10 weightlifters who drank the protein shake
b. 10 weightlifters who did not drink the protein shake
c. weightlifting coach
d. none of the above

A

b. 10 weightlifters who did not drink the protein shake

64
Q

Adlerian therapy has a phenomenological orientation. Thus, the therapist attempts to view the world:

a. from an objective frame of reference
b. from his or own subjective frame of reference
c. from the client’s frame of reference
d. from the frame of reference of a particular theory
e. none of these

A

c. from the client’s frame of reference

65
Q

Prior to entering into a bartering agreement, counselors should do which of the following?

a. Evaluate whether it puts counselor at risk of impaired professional judgement
b. Determine the value of goods/services in a collaborative fashion
c. Document arrangement and consult with experienced colleagues or supervisors
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

66
Q

When administering assessments/tests to clients, it is imperative for counselors to do which of the following except?

a. Be sensitive to ways clients respond to adults
b. Assure clients that the assessment results will not be used against them
c. Select the most utilized tests for clients regardless of whether or not the assessments consider cultural factors
d. Be familiar with the tests being used

A

c. Select the most utilized tests for clients regardless of whether or not the assessments consider cultural factors

67
Q

The Little Albert experiment used which of the following learning techniques to establish that the technique applied to humans?

a. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning
c. social learning
d. mimesis

A
68
Q

What type of therapy emphasizes the role of childhood issues and unconscious issues affecting our present?

a. Behavioral Therapy
b. Solution Focused Therapy
c. Psychodynamic Therapy
d. Brief Strategic Therapy

A

c. Psychodynamic Therapy

NCE and CPCE Review (2 decks)

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