Human Growth and Development Flashcards
Freud’s stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson’s stages are
a. psychometric
b. psychodiagnostic
c. psychopharmacological
d. psychosocial
d. psychosocial
The Freudian stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) emphasize sexuality. Erik Erikson’s eight stages (trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame/self-doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity diffusion, intimacy vs, isolation, generativity vs. stagnation and integrity vs. despair) focus on social relationships.
In Freud’s psychodynamic theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists
a. emphasize id processes
b. refute the concept of the superego
c. believe in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior
d. are sometimes known as radical behaviorists
c. believe in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior
Psychodynamic theories focus on unconscious processes rather than cognitive factors when counseling clients.
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was
a. Erik Erikson
b. Milton H. Erickson
c. A.A. Brill
d. Jean Piaget, who created the four stage theory
a. Erik Erikson
The statement “the ego is dependent on the id” would most likely reflect the work of
a. Erik Erikson
b. Sigmund Freud, who created psychodynamic theory
c. Jay Haley
d. Arnold Lazarus, William Perry and Robert Kegan
b. Sigmund Freud, who created psychodynamic theory
In Freudian theory the id is also called the pleasure principle and houses the animalistic instincts. The ego, which is known as the reality principle, is pressured by the id to succumb to pleasure or gratification regardless of the consequences.
_________________ is known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development; especially regarding college students.
Robert Perry
things are conceptualized as good or bad or right and wrong
dualistic thinking
ability to perceive that not everything is right or wrong, but an answer can exist relative to a specific situation
relativistic thinking
Jean Piaget’s idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is
a. formal operations, concrete operations, preoperations
b. formal operations, preoperations, concrete operations, sensorimotor
c. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
d. concrete operations, sensorimotor, preoperations, formal operations
c. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
Idiographic approaches to theories such as Freud and Piaget examine individuals (not groups of people) in depth. Idiographic theories can be contrasted with nomothetic approaches such as behaviorism or the DSM where large numbers of people are studied to create general principles that apply to the population.
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget’s developmental research inasmuch as
a. he utilized the t test too frequently
b. he failed to check for Type I or alpha errors
c. he primarily worked with minority children
d. his findings were often derived from observing his own children
d. his findings were often derived from observing his own children
