Dr. Segars - Pharmacology of Seizures and Epilepsy Flashcards
(38 cards)
Transient alteration of behavior due to disordered, synchronous and rhythmic firing of populations of brain neurons is known as ________ .
Seizure
Acquired or inherited malfunction of neuronal ion channels or neurotransmitter systems disrupting normal electrical activity in the brain is known as _________ .
Epilepsy
Differentiate between simple and complex partial types of seizures.
Partial = Beginning focally in a cortical site
Simple Partial - Preservation of consciousness
Complex Partial - Impairment of consciousness
Absence, myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures are all examples of _________ .
Generalized Seizures
Explain how Anti-Epileptic Drugs work.
They are going to enter the inside of the pore and bind to the “inactivation gate”, keeping the Voltage-Gated Na+ channels closed and preventing action potentials from occurring!
Pharmacological activity of AEDs is said to be _________ - dependent because you have to have the “pore” of the channel open in order for them to access the “inactivation gates”.
“State”
The probability of a Voltage-Gated Na+ Channel blockade is proportional to the __________ of Na channels opening and closing.
This is known as the “_____“-dependent side of the AEDs.
Frequency
Use
Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Eslicarbazepine, Lamotrigine, Phenytoin, Topiramate, Valporic Acid, Zonisamide and Lacosamide are all examples of __________ .
AEDs that will bind to the FAST inactivation state of Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
What is special about Lacosamide?
It is not necessary for the “pore” to be open in order for Lacosamide to block the channel!
Topiramate and Perampanel are going to antagonize which receptor?
AMPA-receptors (Glutamate)
Fosphenytoin is the _______ form of the drug while phenytoin is the ________ .
IV
Water-soluble Pro-Drug
Which receptor does felbamate antagonize?
NMDA-Receptor (Glycine)
In Pre-Synaptic GABA-ergic Transmission, _____________ is going to inhibit the uptake of GABA by blocking ________ .
Tiagabine
GAT-1 (GABA Transporter)
In Pre-Synaptic GABA-ergic Transmission, _________ is going to inhibit the metabolism of GABA by inhibiting _______, ________ and ______.
Valproic Acid
- Glutamic acid decarboxylase
- GABA Transaminase (GABA-T)
- Succinic Semialdehyde Decarboxylase (SSD)
In Pre-Synaptic GABA-ergic Transmission, ________ is going to inhibit the metabolism of GABA by inhibiting _________ .
Vigabatrin
GABA transaminase (GABA-T)
Barbiturates (Phenobarbital/Primidone), Benzodiazapines and Topiramate are all going to act to ___________ Post-Synpatic GABA-ergic Neuronal Transmission.
Enhance
Which drug is more lethal, Barbiturates or Benzodiazepines? And why?
Barbiturates!
They are able to bind to the GABA receptor in the absence of GABA (GABA-Independent)
True or False. Benzodiazapines are GABA-Dependent when it comes to binding to the receptor.
True
Barbituates are going to increase the ________ that the GABA receptor is open.
Duration
Benzodiazapines are going to increase the _________ that the GABA receptor is open.
Frequency
Which drug has the following three actions:
- GABA-A agonist (increase the frequency of GABA-A activation)
- Binds to Fast Inactivation gates in Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- AMPA-Receptor Antagonist
Topiramate
T-Type Ca2+ channels that mediate 3-Hz spike and wave activity in the thalamus is a hallmark of ________ .
Absence (Petit mal) seizures
Ethosuximide, Valporic Acid and Zonisamide are all antagonists of _______ .
T-Type Ca2+ channels
What do you have to be careful when using Zonisamide in the treatment of Absence Seizures?
It is a sulfonamide and you need to double check to make sure the patient does not have any sulfur allergies!!!
