DR1. Back and Shoulder Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
Where do the superficial muscles of the back attach
A
- The superficial muscles of the back attach the pectoral girdle to the trunk
2
Q
Upper fibres of trapezius - origin
A
- From external occipital protuberance of the skull and from the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae
3
Q
Upper fibres of trapezius - insertion
A
- Insert into the clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula
4
Q
Middle fibres of the trapezius - origin
A
- Spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae
5
Q
Middle fibres of the trapezius - insertion
A
- Spine of the scapula
6
Q
Lower fibres of the trapezius - origin
A
- Spinous processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae
7
Q
Lower fibres of the trapezius - insertion
A
- Spine of the scapula
8
Q
Major and minor rhomboid muscles - origin
A
- Have an origin from the spinous processes of the C7 and the upper 5 thoracic vertebrae
9
Q
Major and minor rhomboid muscles - insertion
A
- Medial border of the scapula
10
Q
Latissimus dorsi muscle - origin
A
- Thoracolumbar fascia of the back
11
Q
Latissimus dorsi muscle - insertion
A
- Floor of the intertubercular sulcus (or bicipital groove) of the humerus
12
Q
Serratus anterior - origin
A
- Originates as a series of individual slips from the upper eight ribs
13
Q
Serratus anterior - insertion
A
- Along the medial border of the scapula
14
Q
Immediate superficial back muscles
A
- Serratus posterior superior and inferior
15
Q
Serratus posterior superior and inferior - function
A
- These are accessory respiratory muscles that help expand the chest cavity during inspiration
16
Q
Where are the deep intrinsic muscles of the back seen
A
- Seen within the groove between the spinous processes of the vertebrae and angle of the ribs
17
Q
Largest group of deep back muscles
A
Erector spinae muscles (medial to lateral)
- Spinalis
- Longissimus
- Iliocostalis
18
Q
Erector spinae muscles - origin
A
- Erector spinae aponeurosis
- This is a broad thick tendon at the base of the back
19
Q
Where do the three parts of erector spinae muscles run
A
- The three parts of erector spinae all run superiorly from the erector spinae aponeurosis
20
Q
Spinalis - insertion
A
- Thoracic spinous processes and skull
21
Q
Longissimus - insertion
A
- Mainly inserts into the thoracic and cervical transverse processes
22
Q
Iliocostalis - insertion
A
- Ribs
23
Q
Muscle that appears upon reflection of erector spinae muscles
A
- Multifidus
24
Q
Multifidus - origin
A
- Runs superiorly from transverse processes which is its origin
25
Multifidus - insertion
- Spinous processes
26
Where is multifidus thickest
- Lumbar region
27
Purpose of multifidus
- Major stabiliser of the back, as well as extends the vertebral column
28
What does the pectoral girdle support
- Is the bony skeleton that supports the upper limb
29
What does the pectoral girdle comprise of
- Clavicle
| - Scapula
30
Where do the bones of the pectoral girdle articulate
- At the acromioclavicular joint
| - The pectoral girdle articulates with the trunk at the sternoclavicular joint
31
What does the glenohumeral joint comprise
- It comprises a shallow articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
32
Glenohumeral joint - type
- Synovial ball and socket joint, which allows a wide range of movements
33
Which ligament is located above the tendon of the supraspinatus
- Coracoacromial ligament
34
Coracoacromial ligament - relevance
- Overhead activities, such as throwing, can cause impingement of this tendon through this space
35
What is the quadrangular space formed by
- The space is formed by teres minor, teres major, the shaft of the humerus and the long head of triceps brachii
36
Borders of the axilla
- Base of the axilla is formed by the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which creates the axillary fossa (or armpit)
- The apex, or inlet, is formed anteriorly by the clavicle, medially by the first rib and posteriorly by the superior border of the scapula
37
Anterior wall of the axilla
- Pec major and minor
38
Posterior wall of the axilla
- Teres major, lat dorsi and subscapularis
39
Medial wall of the axilla
- Serratus ant.
40
Lateral border of the axilla
- Laterally, the axilla is bordered by the shaft of the humerus
41
Contents of the axilla
- Axillary artery and its branches
- Axillary vein and its tributaries
- Lymph vessels and bodes
- Brachial plexus
42
Which vessel is the axillary artery a continuation of
- Subclavian artery
43
Which triangle does the subclavian artery pass through and what is the triangle formed by
- Passes through the scalene triangle
| - Formed by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the first rib
44
When does the subclavian artery become the axillary
- When it passes over the first rib
45
When does the axillary become the branchial artery
- Towards the lower border of teres major
46
Which muscle divides the axillary artery
- Axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by pec minor
47
Major branches of the axillary
- Anterior and post. circumflex humeral branches that wing around the surgical neck of the humerus
- Subscapular artery, which contributes to an anastomosis around the shoulder region
48
What vein is the axillary vein a continuation of
- Basilic vein
49
What does the axillary vein terminate as
- Subclavian vein at the first rib
50
Basilic and cephalic veins location
Basilic vein - medial side of the arm
Cephalic vein - Can be seen passing through the deltopectoral groove to join the axillary vein within the axilla
51
Which triangle do the trunks of the brachial plexus pass through
- Scalene triangle along with the subclavian artery
52
Which muscle lies directly above the cords of the brachial plexus
- Pec minor
53
How are the cords of the brachial plexus named
- Relative to the axillary
| - Lateral, medial and post.
54
Terminal branches of the brachial plexus
- Musculocutaneous
- Ulnar
- Median
- Radial
- Axillary
55
Supraspinatus - origin
- Supraspinous fossa
56
Supraspinatus - insertion
- Anterior facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus
57
Infraspinatus - origin
- Infraspinous fossa
58
Infraspinatus - insertion
- Middle facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus
59
Teres minor - origin
- Dorsal aspect of the lateral border of the scapula
60
Teres minor - insertion
- Lowest facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus
61
Subscapularis - origin
- Subscapular fossa
62
Subscapularis - insertion
- Inserts to the lesser tubercle of the humerus
63
Teres major - origin
- Inferior angle of the scapula
64
Teres major - insertion
- Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
65
Deltoid - origin
- Lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion and spine of the scapula
66
Deltoid - insertion
- Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
67
What is the glenohumeral joint surrounded by
- A fibrous joint capsule
68
What is the glenohumeral joint attached to
- Attached to the rim of the glenoid fossa and to the anatomical neck of the humerus
69
What is the capsule of the glenohumeral joint strengthened by
- Attachments of the rotator cuff muscles, which surround the joint on all sides, except inferiorly
70
Which ligaments support the glenohumeral joint
- Joint is stabilised by the coracoacromial ligament, which forms an arch superiorly over the joint, as well as the glenohumeral ligaments, which help stabilise the joint anteriorly
71
What is the glenoid labrum
- A ring of fibrocartilage that deepens the glenoid fossa
