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AU14 - Operative > Drilling and Instruments > Flashcards

Drilling and Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

Dental material used to restore back function and morphology of the missing part of the tooth structure

A

Restoration

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2
Q

Dental material placed in a soft state directly in cavity preparation to restore contour before it sets hard

A

Direct restoration

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3
Q

A restoration fabricated outside the oral cavity then cemented or bonded to the tooth

A

Indirect restoration

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4
Q

Two types of handpieces

A

1-Air driven

2-Electric

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5
Q

Mainstay handpiece for cutting teeth

A

Air driven

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6
Q

Quieter handpick that cuts with higher torque, higher power and less stalling

A

Electric

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7
Q
  • <12,000rpm
  • no water coolants
  • less efficient, more controlled removal
  • uses = controlled removal near pulp, coronal polishing, and finishing and polishing procedures
A

Slow Speed Handpiece

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8
Q

12,000-20,000rpm

A

Medium speed Handpiece

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9
Q
  • > 200,000 rpm
  • generates considerable amount of heat (needs water coolants)
  • most cutting efficiency (less vibration and discomfort)
  • uses = teeth prep and removal of old restorations
A

High Speed Handpiece

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10
Q

4 parts of a handpiece

A

head, attachment, shaft, and coupler

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11
Q

Part of handpiece that attaches the handpiece to the delivery unit and supplies air and water to it

A

coupler

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12
Q

What is the type of bur a straight handpiece uses, and what procedures is a straight handpiece used for?

A

long shank type burs/straight burs; extra oral procedures (e.g. finishing a crown)

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13
Q

______ and ______ heads can attach to a contrangled slow speed head

A

latch type and friction grip

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14
Q

Latch type (RA) heads accept only ________ burs, which are _____________ than the friction grip burs

A

latch end, larger in diameter

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15
Q

Friction grip burs have ______ diameter and ________ shanks than latch type

A

smaller, shorter

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16
Q

Types of friction grip heads

A
  1. push button

2. bur tool type

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17
Q

Friction generated from internal spring assembly is used to hold the bur

A

push button head

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18
Q

A special tool using force to overcome and generate friction is used to hold the bur

A

bur tool type head

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19
Q

Three types of rotary instruments

A
  1. bladed instruments
  2. DIamond (abrasive instruments)
  3. Other abrasives
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20
Q

Number of blades on excavating/cutting burs vs. finishing burs

A

6-8 on cutting burs, 10-20 on finishing burs

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21
Q

How does number of blades affect the finish?

A

More blades, smoother finish

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22
Q

Color coding system for finishing burs

A

Red = 10-12
Yellow - 16-20
White = 30

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23
Q

Carbide blades – reason for that material and uses

A 
reason = carbide stronger and harder than stainless steel
uses = intracoronal preps
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24
Q

Metal blank on which small diamond particles are held together within a softer matrix

A

Diamond instruments

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25
Uses for diamond instruments
Extracoronal preps
26
Shank colors for diamond instruments in order of ascending degree of grit
``` yellow (superfine), red, blue, green, black (super coarse) ```
27
Types of "other abrasives"
Coated or molded
28
Purpose of coated abrasives
abrasives on flexible backing to finish restorations
29
Molded abrasives can be used for _______ and _______ if rigid or ________ and ______ if flexible
Grinding and shaping if rigid Finishing and polishing if flexible
30
Abrasives that can be mounted or unmounted and rigid or flexible
Molded abrasives
31
Round, inverted cone, pear shaped, plain cylindrical fissure, and plain tapered fissure are the designs of what?
Designs of bur heads
32
Numbers associated with round burs
1/4 - 11 (starts at 0.5mm and diameter increases)
33
Numbers associated with inverted cone burs
331/2-40
34
Pear shaped bur numbers
229-333
35
330 bur length, taper, and diameter
``` l = 1.5 mm taper = 8 degrees d = 0.8mm ```
36
245 bur length, taper, and diameter
``` l = 3.0 mm taper = 4 degrees d= 0.8mm ```
37
Plain cylindrical fissures numbers
55-59 or 200 series for rounded corners
38
Plain tapered fissure
169-172
39
Designation for end cutting (when only end has blades)
900 (e.g. 956)
40
Cross cut bur designation
500 before bur number, also a 700 version
41
Fracture caused by crack formation upon tensile loading; the type of fracture that occurs in enamel
Brittle fracture
42
What type of cutting is most efficient with brittle materials?
Abrasive cutting
43
Fracture caused by plastic deformation of the material by shearing
Ductile fracture
44
What type of cutting is most efficient with ductile material?
Bladed cutting
45
What kind of fracture do teeth undergo?
Both - brittle and ductile
46
What kind of burs perform abrasive cutting?
Diamond burs
47
How does bladed cutting work? What is it recommended for?
Cuts by shearing layers of tooth structure Recommended for intracoronal preparations
48
Rake face
Surface that forms chip, is the surface of the blade toward direction of cutting
49
Clearance face
Surface that clears away the chips, is away from the direction of cutting
50
Edge angle
between rake and clearance angles
51
Rake angle
between radial line and rake face
52
Clearance angle
angle that provides clearance between the cutting edge and tooth structure
53
The angle to describe when the radius (from cutting edge to axis of bur) is ahead of the rake face
Positive rake angle | also assoc'd with higher cutting efficiency, larger chips, smaller chip space, chip clogging, and fracture
54
Match the following to the correct rake angle: - higher cutting efficiency - smaller chips - larger chip space - clogging of chip space
- higher cutting efficiency = positive rake angle - smaller chips = negative rake angle - larger chip space = negative rake angle - clogging of chip space = positive
55
The angle to describe when the rake face is ahead of the radius (from cutting edge to axis of bur).
Negative rake angle (also assoc'd with decreased cutting efficiency, smaller chips, no chip clogging, and sparing of cutting edge preventing fracture)
56
Prevents blade from rubbing the tooth surface. The larger this angle, the less friction and bur dulling.
Clearance angle
57
Name the four types of hand instruments and an example of each
examination instruments (non cutting) - explorer hand cutting instruments - hatchet restorative instruments (non cutting) - condenser accessory instruments - Miller forceps
58
What is the blade and handle made of in hand cutting instruments?
Blade = carbon steel (harder than stainless steel) Handle = stainless steel (corrosion resistant and retains shine0
59
Shank design must insure ______ to concentrate the force onto the blade without rotating the instrument
Balance
60
Black's instrument formula (general)
3 or 4 unit code used to describe a cutting instrument
61
Define each number of Black's basic instrument formula
1st number = width of the blade in tenth of a mm (10=1mm) 2nd number = length of blade in mm 3rd number = angulation of the blade to the long axis of the handle, expressed in 100ths of a circle and always <50
62
Define each number of Black's 4 number formula
``` 1st = width of blade in tenth of mm 2nd = primary cutting edge angle (>50) 3rd = blade length in mm 4th = blade angle relative to long axis ```
63
In what direction is force applied when using direct cutting, and how is the instrument held agains the wall being planed?
Force is applied perpendicular to cutting edge. Instrument is held parallel to wall being planed to keep the cutting edge in contact with the wall.
64
In what direction is force applied when using indirect/lateral cutting, and how is the instrument held agains the wall being planed?
Force is exerted parallel to cutting edge. The instrument is moved from away from the beveled side.
65
Three types of chisels and their purpose
1. Straight/ slightly curved/bin angled chisels (push motion) 2. Enamel Hatchet: direct cutting and lateral cutting 3. Gingival marginal trimmer: lateral cutting
66
The cutting edge is ______ to the long axis of the handle of an enamel hatchet
parallel
67
In a ___________ the blade is curved and not milled in a single plane. This accentuates ________ cutting.
Gingival marginal trimmer, lateral
68
Ordinary hatchets, hoes (pull), angle formers, and spoons
Types of instruments in the excavator family

AU14 - Operative (5 decks)

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