Drought and Heatwave

Question 1

Heatwave definition

Answer 1

A period of high temperatures relative to typical seasonal conditions for a location

Question 2

Duration in the UK

Answer 2

> _ 3 days

Question 3

Anticyclones

Answer 3

Large scale high pressure systems, light winds, decending air inhibits cloud formation

Question 4

Humans require what core temp

Answer 4

~90 W

Question 5

At low temperatures

Answer 5

radiation, conduction, convection and perspiration are effective

Question 6

At high temperatures

Answer 6

perspiration is effective

Question 7

Perspiration becomes ineffective at

Answer 7

high levels of humidity

Question 8

What inhibits convective mixing and trap emissions

Answer 8

Temperature inversions

Question 9

What enhances ozone production

Answer 9

Clear skies and strong radiation

Question 10

What happened in England and Wales during 2003?

Answer 10

21 - 38% of total excess deaths

Question 11

What were the excess deaths due to in 2003

Answer 11

elevated ambient ozone and PM 10 concentrations

Question 12

Soil Moisture deficit

Answer 12

increases the frequency, duration and severity of hot spells

Question 13

Example of a location experiencing soil moisture limited areas

Answer 13

Southern Europe

Question 14

Wetter regions

Answer 14

experience a weaker relationship of frequency, duration and severity of hot spells

Question 15

Weather fatalities in the US 2021 main cause

Answer 15

Heat

Question 16

Which cause of weather fatalities has the highest 30 yr average

Answer 16

Heat

Question 17

How are heatwaves measured ( USA)

Answer 17

Heat Index Chart

Question 18

What is the NHS Heatwave Plan for England

Answer 18

vulnerable groups are to include elderly people ( >65) and people with pre-existing medical conditions

Question 19

How are urban residents are at higher risk?

Answer 19

Urban Heat Island effect and increased risk of air polution

Question 20

Mitigation strategies in the UK

Answer 20

heatwave alert levels and Gov related release of mitigation acts

Question 21

What is the long term mitigation stragety

Answer 21

Urban planning via afforestation, cool infrastructure

Question 22

How do heatwaves have gloabl affects

Answer 22

1) arctic sea ice loss
2)decrease albedo effect
3)atmospheric warming

1)Increase wildfire activity
2) vegetation loss and thawing permafrost
3) Loss of CO2
4) atmospheric warming

Question 23

Drought definition by the IPCC

Answer 23

moisture deficit in relation to the average water availabitlty at a given location and season

Question 24

Meteorological drought

Answer 24

Period of lower rainfall

Question 25

Duration of drought

Answer 25

Days to years ( location dependent)

Question 26

Occurences

Answer 26

Typically northen African regions and subtropical regions

Question 27

Environmental impacts

Answer 27

Loss of moisture from a system

Question 28

List of the types of Loss of moisture from a system

Answer 28

Wetland drying of seasonal water bodies reduction of vegetation cover loss of wildlife habitat soil erosion wildfires wildlife migration disease

Question 29

Socio-economic impacts

Answer 29

Cash crop failure Loss of lifestock

Question 30

What is the Sahel drought?

Answer 30

Semi arid Dry and wet seasons

Question 31

How much does it rain in Sahel

Answer 31

(100-800mm/yr)

Question 32

What is rainfall driven by

Answer 32

Tropical convection,west african monsoon , el nino

Question 33

What happened during the 1960's-1990's

Question 34

Causes of Droughts

Answer 34

Regional and remote forcing

Question 35

Regional forcing examples

Answer 35

Overgrazing,deforestation for agriculture Increased surface albedo less solar energy absorbed reduced moisture supply to atmosphere, less rainfall Unfavorable conditions for vegetation growth

Question 36

Remote forcing examples

Answer 36

Changes in sea surface temps Atlantic multidecadal Oscillation Dust feedbacks Aerosol -related forcing

Question 37

Ethiopia example

Answer 37

droughts are related to existing vulnerability Exacerbated by... - rural destitution -environmental degradation -war and conflicts

Question 38

What happened during 1999-2000 crisis

Answer 38

10 mill in need of food assistence

Question 39

Migration and Adaptation strategies

Answer 39

Landscape management