Medical effects Ex; Traumatic injuries & emotonal stress Damage to critical facilities Ex; transmission facilities & water facilities Disruption of transportation Ex; Broken bridges & Roads Economic Impact Ex; Business operations & Economic activities Global environmental change Ex; long term consequences of diff. hazards Social and Political Impact Ex; less fortunate people

DRRR Flashcards by Kuoki Takaaki

“Disastre” “Des”

Bad

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“Astre”

Star

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Serious disruption to the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread
human, material, economic, or environmental
losses and impact. Associated with a large-scale destructive with
a large-scale destructive event such as
typhoons, earthquakes, and volcanic
eruptions, among others.

Disaster

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Is a source or a situation with the potential
for harm in terms of human injury or illhealth, damage to property, damage to the
environment, or a combination of these

Hazards

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A __________ is any phenomena that has the
potential to cause destruction to life and
property. A hazard become a disaster when
the potential to cause destruction is fulfilled.

hazard

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A hazard become a disaster when
the potential to cause destruction is fulfilled.
When there is harm to life and property of
humans, the hazard is termed a

Disasters

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A system which considers a country’s
vulnerability and exposure to hazard. Indicators are grouped into exposure,
susceptibility, coping capacity, and adaptive
capacity.

World Risk Index

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exposure to earthquake, cyclone,
flood, drought, and sea level rise

Exposure

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rated off its population’s access
to improved sanitation and water supply,
percentage of undernourished, dependency
ratio, population od those below the poverty
line, GDP per capita, and GINI index

Susceptibility

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the following indicators are
rated: corruption perception index, failed states
index, number of physicians per 10,000 people,
and insurance coverage

Coping Capacity

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the following indicators are
rated: adult literacy rate, combined gross
enrolment ratio, gender parity in education,
women in national parliament, water quantity,
biodiversity and habitat, forestry management,
agriculture on health per capita, life expectancy
at birth and expenditure on health per capita

Adaptive Capacity

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Refers to those people or properties which
are directly affected by natural disasters. The extent of the effect in terms of land area
or number of personas of a natural hazard
towards a community

Exposure

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Is defined as composing several physical,
social environmental, or economic factors
that increase the susceptibility of a
population or community to a national hazard. State of being open to damage or injury.

Vulnerability

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Defined as the measure of losses-deaths,
injuries, and damage to property due to
particular combination of hazards, exposure
and vulnerability

Risk

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Related to natural processes that occur on
Earth with or without warning

Natural Disasters

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Often occur once the precursor sets in. Man-made disasters have an element of
human intent, negligence, or error involving a
failure of a man-made system, as opposed to
natural disasters resulting from natural
hazards.

Human made Disasters

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Impacts of Disasters

Medical effects
Ex; Traumatic injuries & emotonal stress
Damage to critical facilities
Ex; transmission facilities & water facilities
Disruption of transportation
Ex; Broken bridges & Roads
Economic Impact
Ex; Business operations & Economic activities
Global environmental change
Ex; long term consequences of diff. hazards
Social and Political Impact
Ex; less fortunate people

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Are naturally occurring physical phenomena
caused either by rapid or slow onset events
which can be geophysical (earthquakes,
landslides, tsunamis and volcanic activity),
hydrological (avalanches and floods),
climatological (extreme temperatures,
drought and wildfires), meteorological
(cyclones and storms/wave surges) or
biological (disease epidemics and
insect/animal plagues)

Natural Disasters

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A hazard originating from technological or
industrial conditions, including accidents,
dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures,
or specific human activities

Man-Made Disasters

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Flooding and drought can fall under this category if
these are due to deforestation

Socio-natural Hazards

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a rising and overflowing of a body of
water especially onto normally dry land

Floods

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the usually rapid downward
movement of a mass of rock, earth, or artificial
fill on a slope

Landslides

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a shaking or trembling of the
earth that is volcanic or tectonic in origin

Earthquake

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a period of dryness especially when
prolonged

Drought

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Process or phenomenon or organic origin or conveyed by biological vectors/agents, including exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bioactive substances

Biological Hazards

is an extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that pose a threat to life and property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis (tidal waves) and landslides

Geological Hazards

Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental change

Hydrometeorological Hazards

those coming directly from the incident itself

Primary Effect

associated with, but not a direct response to the event

Secondary Effect

a long term or permanent changes due to the event

Tertiary Effects

Is defined as a potentially-damaging physical event that may cause the loss or injury, property damage, social economic disruption, or environmental degradation

Hazards

What drives exposure?

* Population growth * Migration * Urbanization

How do we reduce exposure?

* Zoning Laws * Relocation * Forced Evacuation * Stronger Laws

Vulnerability may refer to the following

▪ Disregard for environmental management ▪ poorly-planned communities ▪ poorly-constructed infrastructures and homes ▪ lack of public information and awareness on preparedness and risks

Who are so called Most Vulnerable Sectors?

* Urban poor * Laborers * Indigenous people * PWD’s * Women * Children

Who are so called Less Vulnerable Sectors?

* Professionals * Small entrepreneur

Who are so called Not Vulnerable Sectors?

High class/ High position in the community

Categories of Vulnerability

* Physical/Material Vulnerability * Social/Organizational Vulnerability * Attitudinal/Motivational Vulnerability

the hottest and innermost layer

Core

thick second layer of the Earth

Mantle

thinner layer of Earth that covers the mantle

Crust

the inner layer – hotter, and more easily to deformed

Asthenosphere

outer layer – composed of large block referred to as tectonic plates

Lithosphere

noticed that some of the boundaries of continents seem to fit into the boundaries of other continents

1512, Abraham Ortelius

proposed the theory of continental drift, noticed that when the real edges of the continent, including the shallow submerged continental shelves, were considered

1912, Alfred Wegener

formalized the theory of seafloor spreading – suggested that the ocean floor can be viewed as giant conveyor belts that carry the continents

1960, Harry Hess

Any faults that is likely to have another earthquake sometime in the future

Active Faults

Are areas where tectonic plates converge. Subduction zones are large boundaries and, as such, capable of generating large earthquakes. These plates are pieces of crust that have been moving in the surface of the planet for millions of years.

Subduction Zones

WEST AND EAST VALLEY FAULTS

Rodriguez, Rizal San Mateo, Rizal Marikina Pasig Taguig Muntinlupa San Pedro Binan Carmona Santa Rosa Calamba Tagaytay Oriental Mindoro

EASTERN PHILIPPINE FAULTS

Luzon Sea Mindoro Strait Panay Gulf Sulu Sea Philippine Sea

SOUTH OF MINDANAO FAULTS

Moro Gulf Celebes Sea

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE FAULT

Ilocos Sur Ilocos Norte La Union Pangasinan Nueva Ecija Aurora Quezon Masbate Eastern Leyte Southern Leyte Agusan Del Norte Agusan Del Sur Davao Del Norte Davao Oriental

PHIVOLCS

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

is the sudden movement of the ground that releases elastic energy stored in rocks and generates seismic wave

Earthquake

is the spot where the earthquake began

Focus of an earthquake

is the point on Earth’s surface located directly above the focus of an earthquake

Epicenter of an earthquake

Can be anything that includes a physical phenomenon associated with an earthquake that may produce adverse effects on human activities. Anything that can be moved, fall off, or be toppled when the ground starts to shake and cause emotional and physical pain is an earthquake hazard.

Earthquake Hazard

direct results of the movement of the ground

Primary Earthquake Hazards

Describes the vibration of the ground when an earthquake occurs, usually recorded in terms of intensity. It can be seen as both a hazard created by earthquake, and a trigger for other hazard such as liquefaction and landslides.

Ground Shaking

When an earthquake event occurs, ground ruptures happen only at the area where the fault zone moves. It is an offset of the ground surface when fault rupture extends to the surface

Ground Rupture

is not a single line with a fixed width, but a zone with variable width fractures have developed. These are called ________________

Surface rupture. deformation zones

Occurs when sand or soil and groundwater are mixed during the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake

Liquefication

It includes a wide range of ground movement such as rock fall, rock slide, debris slide, and shallow debris flow. If the ground is saturated with water, the shaking will result in more landslides

Landslides

A standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Triggered by earthquake waves, seiche and seiche-related problems have been observed on lakes, reservoirs, swimming pools, bays, harbors, and seas

Seiche

are the results of the primary hazards, distinguished from indirect effects

Secondary Earthquake Hazards

- When tsunami hits land, the water that remains can flood the coastal areas - A landslide that hits a river can cause the water to swell and pour out on the areas beside the river - When earthquakes break dam, the water overflowing can cause massive flooding in the low-lying areas - Apart from incessant rain flooding can also be result of an earthquake - O matter what the cause is, flooding is also a possible reason for loss of life and damage to property

Flooding

- A major secondary hazard associated with an earthquake has been the possibility of fires breaking out after an earthquake

Fire

- Refers to a tidal wave, it has a little or nothing to do with the tides on the ocean - Tsunamis can be tens of feet high when they hit the shore and do enormous damage to coastline - It is actually a huge wave caused by an earthquake that originates under the ocean and can cause great destructions when it reaches the land - Tsunamis can also be generated by landslides, underwater volcanic eruptions, or even as event as far-fetched as an asteroid hitting the ocean

Tsunami

tsunamis caused by earthquakes from nearby trenches

Locally-generated tsunamis

tsunamis generated by earthquakes from sources that are located farther from the impact

Far-field tsunamis

* Is a measure of earthquake size * Magnitude measurement requires instrumental monitoring for its calculations * Remains unchanged with respect to the distance from the earthquake origin

Magnitude

developed a system to measure the magnitude (or amount energy) of an earthquake

1935, Charles Richter

* Describes the degree of shaking caused by an earthquake at a given place and decreases with distance from the origin or epicenter

Intensity

* Measures the intensity or how strong the effects of the earthquakes are

Modified Mercalli scale

A measuring instrument that creates the seismogram, a record of the seismic waves from an earthquake

Seismograph or seismometer

Scales

Richter Scale Modified Mercalli scale PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale Seismograph or seismometer

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS AN EARTHQUAKE? Before

1. Know if your area or location is above or near a fault line 2. Know the projected period and intensity of Faultline movement 3. Prepare your survival kit 4. Participate in an earthquake drill 5. Check for possible sources of hazard which may be affected by the shaking of the ground

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS AN EARTHQUAKE? During

1. Stay calm, alert, and focus 2. Protect yourself by doing (Drop, Cover & Hold) 3. Never use an elevator during earthquake 4. Stay safe from falling objects 5. Do not drive any vehicle during the earthquake 6. Go to an open area or field 7. Stay away from breakable materials such as glass

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS AN EARTHQUAKE? After

1. Stay calm, alert, and observe 2. Look for any means of communication and source 3. Go outside as fast as you can 4. Check for inquiries and go to the nearest medical assistance 5. Watch out for any chemicals or fire hazard that spilled or occurred in the area

Are mountains that have the capacity to erupt at any time. An opening in the Earth’s crust that allows molten rock, gases and debris to escape to the surface.

VOLCANOES

molten (melted) rock is called when it flows out of a volcano or volcanic vent.

Lava

is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's surface

Magma

is a partially or totally molten body located in the crust and supplied with magma from a deeper source, a reservoir

Magma Chamber

the bowl-shaped opening at the top or side of a volcano or top of a geyser through which lava and gases are emitted

Crater

Classifications of Volcanoes

1. By Activity 2. By Composition and Structure 3. By Eruption

one that has a tendency to erupt or is already erupting. Examples are Mt. Mayon and Mt. Bulusan.

Active volcano

volcano that is not erupting or is not going to erupt sometime in the near future. Example is Mt. Pinatubo

Dormant

volcanoes that have not erupted in the last 30 000 to 40 000 years, and are not expected to erupt anytime soon

Extinct

a phenomenon that can revive an extinct volcanoes

Rejuvination

is generally low, and has dome shape, like the shield of medieval knights, hence the name

Shield volcanoes

considered to be simplest volcano. Typically viewed as hardened lava which piled up around the vent and then formed a mountain.

Cinder cone

formed by alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic materials from multiple eruptions that occurred through time

Stratovolcano or composite volcano

happen due to buildup of thick magma with high silica content.

Explosive eruptions

emits a lot of lava coming from a fissure or a crack on the surface

Quite or fissure eruptions

a mudflow composed of rocky debris, water, and pyroclastic material.

LAHAR

produced by a combustion, volcanic ash or tephra is hard, extremely abrasive, mildly corrosive, conducts electricity when wet, and does not dissolve in water

ASH FALL

are high-density mixtures of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases that move away from the vent that erupted them at high speed.

PYROCLASTIC FLOW

are basically rocks that an erupting volcano sends into the air

BALLISTIC PROJECTILE

dangerous due to their temperature and toxicity.

VOLCANIC GASES

described as a stream of molten rocks that flows out of a volcano or volcanic ven

LAVA FLOW

Disaster Risk Management Cycle

Disaster > Response > Rehabilitation and Recovery > Prevention and Mitigation > Preparedness

DRRR Flashcards

(101 cards)