Drug Classes Extra QNS Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the indirect sympathomimetic adrenoreceptor agonists?
Moclobemide, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Ephedrine & Pseudoephedrine
What are the direct sympathomimetic alpha adrenoreceptors drugs?
Alpha 1: Phenylephrine, Dopamine
Alpha 2: Brominidine
Alpha 1 & 2: Oxymetazoline
What are the direct sympathomimetic beta adrenoreceptors drugs?
Beta 1: Dobutamine, Dopamine
Beta 2: Salbutamol, Terbutaline
Beta 3: Mirabegron
Beta 1, 2 & 3: Isoprenaline
Which direct sympatholytic beta-1 antagonists when given at higher doses can cause bronchoconstriction?
Atenolol, Betaxolol
What is the antihypertensive reaction of Propranolol and Sotalol?
It blocks renin secretion by beta-1 antagonism.
Caution over use of beta blockers in diabetic patients because it can mask the effects of?
Hypoglycaemia
What are the indirect sympatholytic alpha and beta adrenoreceptor antagonists?
Dexmedetomidine, Methyldopa (are also alpha-2 agonists)
What does methyldopa treat?
Hypertension
List the effects of activation of alpha-1 adrenoreceptors.
- Dilation of pupils
- Accommodation for distant vision (with beta adrenoreceptors)
- Vasoconstriction of viscera blood vessels
- Increase glycogenolysis in liver
- Decrease in motility and secretion
- Contraction of GI sphincters
- Inhibition of urination
- Contraction of seminal duct (ejaculation)
- Contraction of uterus
List the effects of activation of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors.
- Decrease in salivary production
- Vasoconstriction of viscera blood vessels
- Decrease in motility and secretion
List the effects of activation of beta-1 adrenoreceptors.
- Increase in aqueous humour production
- Increase in HEART rate (increase in chronotropic & inotropic cardiac effects)
List the effects of activation of beta-2 adrenoreceptors.
- Bronchodilation
- Vasodilation of skeletal muscles blood vessels
- Decrease motility and secretion
- Increase glycogenolysis
- Relaxation of uterus
List the effects of activation of beta-3 adrenoreceptors.
- Increase lipolysis
- Inhibition of urination
- Relaxation of bladder
Contraindications using cholinergic agonist drugs?
Asthma (bronchoconstriction), Peptic ulcer (increase gastric acid secretion)
Common adverse effects of cholinergic agonist drugs?
- Diarrhoea
- Diaphoresis (sweating)
- Miosis (constriction of pupil)
- Nausea
- Urinary urgency
List a few acetylcholinesterase inhibitors aka indirect parasympathomimetic cholinergic agonists.
Donepezil, Neostigmine (reversible), Sarin (irreversible)
Common adverse effects of anticholinergic muscurinic antagonist drugs?
- Blurred vision
- Confusion
- Mydriasis (dilation of pupil)
- Constipation
- Urinary retention
Contraindications using anticholinergic muscurinic antagonist drugs?
Narrow angle glaucoma
List the direct anticholinergic muscurinic antagonist drugs
Atropine, Benzatropine, Scopolamine, Ipratropium, Oxybutynin
List the effects of activation of m1 receptors.
Increase gastric acid secretion
List the effects of activation of m2 receptors.
- decrease heart rate and contractility
- contraction of gall bladder
- enhance m3 -> increase motility and secretion
- enhance m3 -> contract detrusor, relax sphincter
- arterial dilation -> erection
List the effects of activation of m3 receptors.
- constrict pupil (miosis, blurring of distant vision, increase lacrimation)
- increase saliva production
- increase motility and secretion
- contract detrusor, relax sphincter
- arterial dilation -> erection
What is the mechanism of action for Azathioprine (cytotoxic antimetabolite)?
Azathioprine is converted to 6-mercaptopurine.
6-mercaptopurine is converted to 6-thioguanine.
6-TG impedes DNA synthesis and reduces T lymphocytes proliferation
Which drug has lesser adverse effects: Azathioprine or Mycophenolate?
Mycophenolate
