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20003 > drug interactions > Flashcards

drug interactions Flashcards

1
Q

what are relative contrindications

A

caution is needed using 2 medicines or procedures together

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2
Q

what are absolute contraindications

A
  • the substance can cause a life threatening situation
  • don’t give together, risks outweigh the benefit
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3
Q

what are type A ADRs

A

from the pharmacological effect of the drug

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4
Q

what are type b ADRs

A

unpredictable and non dose dependent

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5
Q

which drugs usually provoke an allergic reaction

A
  • antibiotics
  • NSAIDS
  • cancer chemotherapy
  • monoclonal antibodies
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6
Q

what are the characteristics of anaphylaxis

A
  • vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
  • hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • dyspnoea
  • urticaria
  • reduced level of consciousness
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7
Q

what are type C ADRS

A
  • continuing reactions
  • persist for a long time
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8
Q

what are type D ADRs

A
  • delayed reaction
  • apparent after medication usage
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9
Q

what are type E ADRs

A
  • end of use reactions
  • withdrawal of medication
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10
Q

what is a precipitant in drug interactions

A

the drug that is causing the reaction

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11
Q

what is an object

A

the drug that is affected by the reaction

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12
Q

what are pharmaceutical drug interactions

A
  • interactions prior to taking the drug
  • the combination of ingredients alters the physical and chemical properties making it unstable
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13
Q

what causes chemical pharmaceutical drug interactions

A
  • oxidation-reduction
  • exchange
  • hydrolysis
  • substitution
  • decomposition
  • neutralization
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14
Q

what influences GI absorption

A
  • bind drugs
  • increase GI motility
  • decrease GI motility
  • increased gastric pH
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15
Q

how is subcutaneous absorption slowed

A
  • giving vasoconstrictors
  • cardiac decrepssants
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16
Q

what drug interaction alter distribution and binding

A
  • competition for plasma protein binding
  • displacement from tissue binding sites
  • alterations in local tissue barriers
17
Q

how can drug metabolism be increased

A

through other agents such as P450 enzymes eg ethanol, rifampin

18
Q

how can drug metabolism be decreased

A

through inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes eg amiodarone, disulfiram

19
Q

what is the effect of drugs reducing hepatic blood lfow

A

reduces clearance of other drugs metabolised in the liver

20
Q

how can drugs affect renal excretion

A
  • reduced renal blood flow
  • inhibit specific renal transport mechanisms
  • alter urine Ph
21
Q

how does a change in urine pH affect renal excretion

A

changes to renal tubular reabsorption of weak acids or weak bases

22
Q

how do drug interactions cause additive effects

A
  • can act on same receptor and produce the same effect
  • excessive affects can be caused
23
Q

what are supra-additive interactions

A

result of interaction is greater than the sum of the drugs used alone

24
Q

what is potentiation

A

when the drugs effect is increased by another agent that has no effect

25
Q

what is a mixed agonist-antagonist

A

drug can act as both an agonist and an antagonist depending on administration (and in presence of other drugs)

26
Q

NSAIDS and prostaglandin effect

A
  • inhibit the synthesis/ effect of prostaglandins
27
Q

NSAIDs effect of vasodilation

A
  • act on afferent end on vasodilation
  • vasodilation, acted on by PG
  • PG decreased, decreasing vasoconstriction at afferent end
  • decrease pressure, decreasing filtration, water retention, less excretion, increase BP
28
Q

NSAID effect on vasoconstriciton

A
  • efferent end angiotensin 2 vasoconstricts
  • ACEI drug decreases BP
  • ACEI blocks angiotensin 1 and 2 so less vasoconstriction decrease BP
  • target ACE enzyme

20003 (17 decks)

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