Drug List; Drug is Answer

Question 1

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action

• Calcineurin inhibitor that binds to cytoplasmic receptor proteins.
• inhibits calcineurin, & decreases expression of IL-2 and other cytokines necessary for T-cell activation.

Answer 1

Cyclosporine

Question 2

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action
- Similar to cyclosporine but used topically

Answer 2

Tacrolimus

Question 3

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action

• Janus Kinase inhibitor
• Inhibits activity of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL13, IL-31*).

Answer 3

Oclacitinib & Apoquel

Question 4

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action

• prodrug that is metabolized to a purine analog (6-mercapto purine).
• Interferes w/ incorporation of purines or pyrimidines into DNA

Answer 4

Azathioprine

Question 5

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action

• alkylate DNA that causes chemical cross-links to occur in DNA
• interferes w/ DNA replication.
• None labeled for use in veterinary medicine.

Answer 5

Cyclophosphamide & Chlorambucil

Question 6

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action

• inhibits type II isoform of inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase present in activated lymphocytes.
• inhibits synthesis of guanosine nucleotides.
• may also suppress dendritic cell maturation and monocyte recruitment.

Answer 6

Mycophenolate mofetil & Mycophenolic Acid

Question 7

• Immunemodulator

- Anti-inflammatory used for reactive airway Dz (smooth muscle relax)

Answer 7

Corticosteroids

Question 8

used for pulmonary hypertension

Mech of Action

• type V phosphodiesterase inhibitor
• produces nitric oxide mediated vasodilation

Answer 8

Slidenafil

Question 9

Anti-inflammatory used for reactive airway Dz

MOA

• interferes w/ Ca transport across cell membrane
• inhibits mast cell degranulation

Answer 9

Cromolyn

Question 10

Antitussive

MOA
- depresses cough center in medulla via mu or kappa receptor

Answer 10

Morphine, codeine, & hydrocodone

Question 11

Expectorant

MOA

• stimulate gastric mucosa & vagus
• increase GI & bronchial secretions

Answer 11

Saline Expectorants

Question 12

anti-tussive

MOA

• depresses cough center in medulla via mu or kappa receptor
• partial Mu agonist

Answer 12

Butorphanol

Question 13

antitussive w/ seretonin & alpha-2 activity

Answer 13

Tramadol

Question 14

stimulate resp center in emergency

MOA
- stimulatory affects on carotid & aortic chemoreceptors

Answer 14

Doxapram

Question 15

bronchodilator

MOA

• inhibition of PDE ->
• inhibits breakdown of cAMP ->
• decreased release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells ->
• anti-inflammatory & bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.
• ALSO adenosine receptor antagonists ->
• avoid bradycardia and bronchoconstriction.

Answer 15

Methylxanthines

Question 16

bronchodilator

MOA

• stimulate alpha & beta 1 & 2 adrenergic receptors ->
• hypertension & tachycardia

Answer 16

Epinephrine

Question 17

bronchodilator

MOA
- anticholinergic

Answer 17

Atropine
Glycopyrrolate
Ipratropium bromide

Question 18

bronchodilator

MOA

• stimulate beta 1 & 2 adrenergic receptors ->
• tachycardia

Answer 18

Isoproterenol

Question 19

bronchodilator

MOA
- agonist of beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Answer 19

Terbutaline
Metaproterenol
Albuterol
Salmeterol
Clenbuterol

Question 20

decongestant

MOA
- agonist of alpha-1 receptors

Answer 20

Pseudoephedrine

Question 21

decongestant & urinary retention

MOA
- agonist of alpha-1 receptors

Answer 21

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)

Question 22

Antibacterial Betalactams

MOA
Bind the bacterial transpeptidase interfering with the bacteria cell wall syntesis.

Answer 22

Time dependent

• Cephalexin
• Amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid
• Ampicillin +/- sulbactam
• Cefadroxil
• Cefovacin
• Cefpodoxime
• Cephalothin
• Cephapirin
• Cloxacillin
• Imipenem or Meropenem
• Oxacillin
• Penicillin
• Ticarcillin

Question 23

Antibacterial Aminoglicosides

MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (misfolded protein; 30s)

Answer 23

Conc. Dependent

• Amikacin
• Gentamicin
• Neomycin sulfate
• Tobramycin

Question 24

Antibacterial macrolide

MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (50s)

Answer 24

Bacteriostatic

• Azithromycin
• Erythromycin
• Gamithromycin
• Timicosin
• Tylosin

Question 25

Antibacterial Tetracycline MOA Protein synthesis inhibitor (30s)

Answer 25

Bacteriostatic - Chlortetracycline - Oxytetracyline - Tetracycline

Question 26

Antibacterial Flouroquinolone MOA inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) enzyme which is necessary for transcription, translation and bacterial replication.

Answer 26

Conc. Dependent - Enrofloxacin - Marbofloxacin - Orbifloxacin - Pradofloxacin

Question 27

Antibacterial Anphenicol MOA Protein synthesis inhibitor (50s)

Answer 27

Bacteriostatic - Florphenicol - Thiamphenicol

Question 28

Antibacterial Lincosamide MOA Protein synthesis inhibitor (50s)

Answer 28

Bacteriostatic | - Lincomycin

Question 29

Antibacterial MOA A detergent-like action is responsible for disrupting gram-negative cell membranes. The cationic polymyxins interact with the anionic phospholipids (endotoxin) in the Gram-negative cell wall, disrupting cell wall.

Answer 29

- Polymyxin B sulfate

Question 30

Antibacterial MOA Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor

Answer 30

Rifampin

Question 31

Bacteriostatic Antibacterial MOA Dihydriofolate reductase inhibitor

Answer 31

Trimethoprim

Question 32

Antibacterial MOA binds precursors of peptidoglycans interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Answer 32

time-dependent - Vancomysin

Question 33

Antibacterial / Antiparasitic MOA Long-term exposure to low concentrations reduces the level of replication of T. gondii, Affects the protein synthesis of free parasites, Impairs the ability of tachyzoites to infect host cells

Answer 33

Clindamycin

Question 34

Antibacterial / Antiparasitic MOA undefined, maybe free radicals syntesis

Answer 34

Metronidazole

Question 35

Antibacterial / Antiparasitic MOA Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor

Answer 35

Bacteriostatic but cidal if combined w/ Ometroprim - Sulfadiazine - Sulfadimethoxine - Sulfamethizole - Sulfaquinoxaline - Sulfisoxazole