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HD & T SG > Drug List for Exam 2 > Flashcards

Drug List for Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Use of Mannitol

A

Intracranial pressure.

Osmotic agent. Thin Descending Limb

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2
Q

Use of Acetazolamide

A

Hypertension

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (Less sodium available for pump). Proximal Convoluted Tubule.

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3
Q

Furosemide, Bumetanide

A

Hypertension, Heart failure

Loop Diuretic. Inhibit luminal Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter. Reduces NaCl reabsorption

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4
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalindone

A

Hypertension

Thiazides. Distal Convoluted Tubule Inhibit NaCl reabsorption by blocking Na+/Cl- transporter

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5
Q

Spironolactone

A

Hypertension

Potassium Sparing. Collecting Tubule. Prevent K+ secretion by blocking mineralocorticoid receptors, antagonize aldosterone

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6
Q

Captopril

A

Hypertension, heart failure Blood Pressure medication

ACE inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

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7
Q

Losarten

A

Hypertension

Angiotensin II inhibitor

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8
Q

Hydralazine

A

Hypertension, hypertensive crisis, heart failure

Release Nitric Oxide, smooth muscle relaxant

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9
Q

Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine

A

Hypertension, ischemic heart disease, Angina pectoris

Reduce Ca2+ influx, relax smooth and cardiac muscle

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10
Q

Minoxidil

A

Hypertension

Hyperpolarize smooth muscle membrane through K+ channels

ROGAIN!

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11
Q

Nitroglycerin, Amyl nitrate

A

Ischemic heart disease, Angina pectoris

Relax coronary arteries, decrease myocardial O2 consumption

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12
Q

Lovastatin, Atorvastin, Simvastatin

A

Hyperlipidemia

Statins. Competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA Reductase, reduce synthesis of cholesterol (LDL)

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13
Q

Fenobrate

A

Hyperlipidemia

Fibrate. Increase oxidation of fatty acids in liver and muscle, reduces VLDL

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14
Q

Niacin

A

Hyperlipidemia

Decreases triglyceride and LDL

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15
Q

What class (1, 2, 3, 4) is Propanolol

A

2

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16
Q

Cholesteramine

A

Hyperlipidemia

Bile acid-binding agent. Reduces reabsorption of bile acids

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17
Q

Digitalis, Digoxin

A

Heart failure

Increases intracellular Ca2+ and cardiac contractility, increases blood ejection

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18
Q

Milrinone

A

Heart failure

Bipyridine. Works like digitalis but wider margin of safety and more expensive.

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19
Q

Procainamide, Quinidine, lidocaine

A

Arrhythmias

Class 1 drug. Na+ channel blockade, slows action potential conduction

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20
Q

Propranolol

A

Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension, angina, open-angle glaucoma, arrhythmias

β-Blocker. Inhibit β adrenoreceptors inhibiting T4 to T3 conversion

Class 2 drug. B blocker.

Non-cardioselective B1 and B2 antagonists

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21
Q

Amiodarone

A

Arrhythmias

Class 3 drug. Prolongs refractory period.

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22
Q

Varapamil, diltiazem

A

Arrhythmias

Class 4 drug. Reduces Ca2+ influx, relaxes cardiac muscle. See above

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23
Q

Albuterol

A

Asthma

B2 selective agonists, directly relaxes smooth muscle, increases cAMP = inhibition of MLCK = bronchial relaxation

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24
Q

Salmeterol

A

Asthma, COPD

B2 selective agonist

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25
Futicasone
Moderate to Severe Asthma Corticosteroid
26
Theophylline
Mild asthma Diaphragmatic fatigue in COPD “Add on controller, methylxanthine drug”, Inhibits phosphodiesterase levels to increase cAMP
27
Ipratroprium Bromide
Asthma Antimuscarinic, Reversible blockade of ACh, decrease contraction of airway smooth muscle
28
Montelukast
Prophylaxis and Chronic Asthma Selective Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (decrease airway edema and smooth muscle contraction)
29
Cromolyn
Prophylaxis of asthma Inhibits activation of mast cells
30
Omalizumab
Uncontrollable chronic severe asthma Inhibits IgE binding to receptor on mast cells
31
Tiotropium bromide
COPD Long acting bronchodilators
32
Oseltamivir
Influenza A and B Neuraminidase inhibitor prevents release of virus from host cell
33
Amantadine
Influenza A (nearly 100% resistant) Inhibits uncoating of viral RNA preventing viral assembly during replication
34
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRTs)
Anti-smoking Slow absorption of nicotine, reducing cravings and pleasurable feelings
35
Buproprion
Anti-smoking Tetracyclic antidepressant, unknown mechanism
36
Varenaclin (Chantix)
Anti-smoking Nicotine subunit selective agonist
37
Hydrochlorothiazide
Calcium Kidney stones Reducing urine Ca2+
38
Sodium Bicarbonate
Uric acid, cystine and calcium kidney stones Alkalinizes urine
39
Penicillamine
Cystine stones Chelates cystine
40
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Struvite stones UTI Antimicrobial Folate Synthesis inhibitor
41
Allopurinol
Uric acid stones Reduces amount of uric acid made
42
Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA)
Struvite crystals Irreversible inhibitor of bacterial urease
43
Fosfomycin trometamol
UTI Antimicrobial
44
Ciprofloxacin/ Levofloxacin
UTI 3rd generation floroquinolones
45
Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate
UTI B-Lactamase inhibitor
46
Atenolol
BP meds B1 selective Antagonist, reduces bp
47
Heparin
Anticoagulant Prevents clotting of blood to pass through dialysis machine
48
Thrombin
Clot forming Cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin, activates factor XIII
49
Protamine
Anti-Heparin Basic molecule neutralizes acidic heparin
50
Warfarin
Anticoagulant Blocks formation of vitamin K-dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X)
51
Aspirin
Anti-platelet Blocks COX à blocks Thromboxane A2 which blocks platelet aggregate
52
Vitamin K
Clotting factors Fat soluble vitamin, component of Factor II, VII, IX, X
53
Desmopressin
Clotting factors Vasopressin V2 agonist, increases plasma concentration of vWf and VIII
54
Insulin (U-100)
Diabetes Binds to insulin receptors, particularly in Liver, muscle, adipose, in presence of glucose in blood
55
Humalog (Lispro)
Diabetes Rapid-acting insulin, resembles endogenous insulin secretion, taken pre-meal
56
Crystalline Zinc Insulin
Diabetes Short-acting insulin. Effects take 30 mins, peaks at 2-3 hours, persists for 5-8 hours
57
Neutral Protein Hagedorn (NPH)
Diabetes Intermediate-acting insulin. Combines insulin with protamine for delayed action
58
Insulin Glargine
Diabetes Long-acting “peakless” insulin for background replacement. Attached to Arginine and Glycine
59
Insulin Determir
Diabetes Long-acting background replacement. Threonine dropped and myristic acid to prolong availability
60
Tolbutamide, Tolazamide, Chlorpropramine
Diabetes Sulfonylurea. Increase insulin release from β cells by blocking K+ channels
61
Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride
Diabetes 2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
62
Rapaglinide
Diabetes Glitinides, function at K+ channels
63
Metformin
Diabetes | Biguanide. Mechanism unknown, decreases glucose production on liver, increase efficiency of insulin binding.
64
Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone
Diabetes Thiazolidinediones. Increase GLUT-4 expression, reducing insulin resistance, especially muscle & fat
65
Acarbose
Diabetes α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Slow digestion and absorption of starches, disaccharades, etc. in small intestines
66
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Diabetes Type 2 DPP-4 inhibitor, slows inactivation of incretin hormones, prolongs action of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Poplypeptide
67
Phentermine
Weight loss Inhibits NE and DA uptake
68
Phentermine + Topiramate
Weight loss
69
Belviq
Weight loss 5-HT2C receptor agonists in hypothalamus activates pro-opiomelanocortin production suppressing appetite
70
Orlistat
Weight loss Lipase inhibitor diminishes fat absorption by intestines. Explosive diarrhea
71
Methimazole, Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Hyperthyroidism Thioamides. Inhibits thyroid peroxidase reactions and blocks iodine organification (T3/T4 production)
72
Lugol, Potassium iodide
Hyperthyroidism Iodides. Inhibit organification and hormone release
73
Radioactive Iodine
Hyperthyroidism Radiation destruction of thyroid parenchyma
74
Levothyroxine “synthroid” (T4) | Liothyronine (T3)
Hypothyroidism Activation of nuclear receptors results in gene expression with RNA formation and protein synthesis
75
Hydrocortisone, cortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone
Glucocorticoids Used for allergic reactions, infections, inflammation, skin diseases
76
Ketonazole
Cushing’s Inhibits adrenal and gonadal steroid synthesis
77
Metyrapone
Cushing’s Selective inhibitor of steroid 11-hydroxylation, interferes with cortisol and corticosterone synthesis
78
Mifepristone
Cushing’s Antagonist at steroid receptors
79
Calcitonin
Paget’s and osteoporosis Secreted by thyroid, inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption
80
Ibandronate, Alendronate sodium
Osteoporosis Bisphosphonates. Suppresses activity of osteoclasts by inhibiting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthesis
81
Denosumab
Osteoporosis Monoclonal anti-RANKL antibody (this blocks osteoclast activity)
82
Teriparatide
Osteoporosis Stimulates new bone formation
83
Dabigatran
Anticoagulant Has fewer side effects than Warfarin and is more popular than heparin or warfarin—affects PTT sensitive pathway, but has unique mechanisms that makes it distinct from heparin and warfarin. Used on out patient basis.

HD & T SG (12 decks)

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