Pituitary and Adrenals

Question 1

Does the anterior or posterior pituitary work through sending releasing hormones through portal circulation?

Answer 1

Anterior

Question 2

Does the anterior or posterior pituitary work through sending axons into systemic circulation?

Answer 2

Posterior

Question 3

TRH —>

Answer 3

TSH —> T4

Question 4

CRH —>

Answer 4

ACTH —> Cortisol from Adrenal cortec

Question 5

GNRH —>

Answer 5

FSH and LF —> Reproductive tissues

Question 6

GNRH —>

Answer 6

GH —> IGF-1, Liver and general

Question 7

GIH —>

Answer 7

BLOCKS GH

Question 8

Dopamine —>

Answer 8

Blocks prolactin

Question 9

What two hormones regulate ovulation?

Answer 9

LH and FSH

Question 10

What hormone secreted by the pituitary is an insulin antagonist and has anabolic effects

Answer 10

GH

Question 11

Somatosatin

Answer 11

GIH

Question 12

Gigantism is before or after puberty

Answer 12

Before

Question 13

Acromegaly is before or after puberty

Answer 13

After

Question 14

Most common cause of hypopituitarism

Answer 14

Nonsecretory pituitary adenomas

Question 15

Consequences of nonsecretory pituitary adenomas

Answer 15

1. Loss of sex characteristics-sterility
2. Retard growth in children
3. Hypothyroidism

Question 16

ADH function

Answer 16

Also called vasopressin. It constricts blood vessels and retains water in the body.

Question 17

What does the adrenal medulla make

Answer 17

catecholamines

Question 18

What does the adrenal cortex make

Answer 18

mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids and sex steroids (make good sex)

Question 19

Hyponatremia

Answer 19

Low sodium concentration

Question 20

Features of primary acute adrenal cortex insufficiency

Answer 20

1. Weakness
2. Nausea
3. Hyponatremia
4. Hypotension
5. Skin pigmentation (get increase of MSH with the ACTH)

Question 21

Addison disease is caused by…

Answer 21

autoimmune disorder (primary acute insufficiency of adrenal cortex)

Question 22

Addison disease is more common in what population

Answer 22

White Female

Question 23

Adisson disease can increase or decrease the risk of infection

Answer 23

Increase

Question 24

Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (what is different from primary?)

Answer 24

1. No hyperpigmentation
2. Hypoglycemia
3. Aldosterone usually normal

Question 25

What is an adrenal crisis?

Answer 25

1. Sudden for increase of steroid output | 2. Can be caused by massive adrenal hemorrhage

Question 26

What is Cushing diesase

Answer 26

Too much cortisol

Question 27

Symptoms of Cushing Disease

Answer 27

Moon face, osteoporosis, buffalo hump, obesity, thin skin, amenorrhea, muscle weakness, poor wound healing

Question 28

The symptoms of Cushing disease look like they could also be from what?

Answer 28

This looks like someone on chronic corticosteroid treatment-e.g., for chronic major arthritis or other inflammatory diseases

Question 29

Low ACTH and high cortisol could come from what?

Answer 29

Tumor in anterior pituitary

Question 30

Secondary Adrenocortisol Insufficiency is caused by what?

Answer 30

Usually the result of extended use of exogenous (pharmaceutical) steroids such as prednisone

Question 31

What happens if you take someone off of medications causing Secondary Adrenocortisol Insufficiency?

Answer 31

Temporary hypocortisolic reaction

Question 32

Conn Syndrome

Answer 32

Hyperaldosteronism. Retain sodium and excrete potassium. Suppression of renin angiotensin system

Question 33

(T/F) Adenomas are common and carcinomas are rare

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 34

Adrenal medullary tumor (benign) with increased secretion of catecholamines

Question 35

(T/F) Effects of Pheochromocytoma typically look like increased parasympathetic nervous system function

Answer 35

False. Sympathetic