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Pharm Exam 8 > Drug Mechanisms > Flashcards

Drug Mechanisms Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotic MOA

A

inhibition of transpeptidase

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2
Q

Causes acute allergic interstitial nephritis

A

Methicillin

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3
Q

Bulky R groups

A

Anti-Staph Penicillin

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4
Q

Nono-allergic skin rash

A

amoxicillin ampicillin

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5
Q

Not affected by food absorption

A

Amoxicillin

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6
Q

Ticarcillin SE

A

Excessive Na+ - problematic for CHF pts

Prolonged bleeding time

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7
Q

Rapidly broken down by dehydropeptidases found in the renal tubule - Cilastatin inhibits this enzyme

A

Imipenem

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8
Q

Cefazolin SE

A

EtOH Intolerance, Bleeding Disorder

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9
Q

Prophylaxis for surgery to prevent S. aureus infection

A

Cefazolin

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10
Q

Chloramphenicol MOA

A

binds the 50S Subunit, blocks peptidyltransferase binding

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11
Q

Chloramphenicol resistance is d/t

A

acetyltransferase production

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12
Q

Gray Baby Syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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13
Q

Drug of choice for Mycoplasma pneumonia (or Tetracycline), Legionella pneumonia

A

Macrolide

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14
Q

Macrolide MOA

A

Reversibly binds 50S Subunit & prevents translocation & polypeptide chain growth

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15
Q

tissue concentrations exceed plasma by 10-100X - DO NOT USE FOR BACTEREMIA

A

Azithromycin

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16
Q

MAC in AIDS pts

A

Clarithromycin

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17
Q

Absorption decreased by Ca and antacids

A

Tetracycline

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18
Q

Tetracycline SE

A

Drug-Ca Complex: Tooth discoloration, Bone deformities or growth inhibition;
Fanconi Syndrome: renal damage d/t renal acidosis; Sensitivity to Sunlight

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19
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

binding the 30S Subunit & blocking aa-tRNA binding

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20
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

irreversibly bind 30S Subunit, causing: inhibition of protein synthesis, ribosome disassembly, misreading of mRNA & mutant protein production

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21
Q

Aminoglycoside SE

A

Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular block

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22
Q

Sulfonamide MOA

A

Competitive inhibition of Dihydropteroate Synthase (converts PABA to Dihydropteroic Acid)

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23
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial Dihydrofolate reductase

converts dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate

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24
Q

burns/burn management

Opthalmological ointments for conjunctivitis & Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Sulfonamide

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25
Fluoroquinolone MOA
target DNA gyrase & DNA topoisomerase IV to prevent supercoiling
26
Sulfonamide SE
Crystaluria (drink fluids), Hemolytic anemia in pts w/ G6PD deficiency, Bone dyscrasias, Anemia in pts w/ AIDS or cancer
27
Kernicterus
Sulfonamide SE
28
Cartilage Damage: blackbox warning,
Fluoroquinolone
29
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding the D-ala-D-ala peptidoglycan pentapeptide, inhibiting formation of peptidoglycan
Vancomycin MOA
30
Red Man Syndrome
Vancomycin
31
Clindamycin MOA
Binds 50S Subunit to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
32
Nitrofurantoin mOA
Reduced forms damage DNA, more active at acidic pH
33
Polymyxin B MOA
Interact w/ cell membrane phospholipids & disrupt cell membrane permeability, causking leakage of intracellular components
34
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin MOA
Binds 50S subunit at a site different than Macrolides
35
Bacitracin MOA
Inhibits cell wall formation by interfering w/ the lipid that carries peptidoglycan subunits to the site of cell wall formation
36
Metronidazole MOA
Reduction of drug to compounds & free radicals that bind to intracellular macromolecules, & cause bacterial DNA damage
37
Linezolid MOA
Binds 50S subunit & prevents formation of the 70S translational initiation complex
38
Daptomycin moA
depolarizing bacterial cell membranes which leads to loss of membrane potential, K+ efflux, & cell death
39
Vanco -resistance
Daptomycin, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
40
Isoniazid MOA
interferes w/ cell wall mycolic acid biosynthesis, since mycolic acid is unique to Mycobacteria
41
Isoniazid SE
Peripheral Neuropathy, Hepatitis
42
Rifampin MOA
inhibition of RNA transcription by binding to beta-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA pol
43
Rifampin SE
Reddish-orange urine, saliva, sweat, & tears
44
Pyrazinamide SE
Nongouty Polyarthralgia:
45
Dapsone MOA
inhibits folic acid synthesis
46
Dapsone SE
Hemolytic anemia, Methemoglobinemia, | Sulfone Syndrome
47
Clofazimine MOA
binds to Mycobacterial DNA & interferes w/ growth
48
Clofazimine SE
Pigmentation of Skin
49
Amphotericin B MOA
Binds sterols (ergosterol) in fungal cell membrane causing increased pore/channel permeabilit
50
Inhibition of 14-alpha-demethylase, causing demethylation of lanosterol MOA
Ketoconazole, Miconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole
51
Endocrinologic Abnormalities
Ketoconazole
52
Cryptococcosis in AIDS pts (indefinitely)
Fluconazole
53
Histoplasmosis in AIDS pts
Itraconazole
54
disrupts cell's mitotic spindle structure, arresting cell division in metaphase, deposited in keratin precursor cells
Griseofulvin MOA
55
Nystatin MOA
Binds sterols (ergosterol) in fungal cell membrane, increased permeabiliity
56
Tolnaftate & Terbinafine HCl MOA
interfere w/ sterold biosynthesis by inhibiting Squalene Monooxygenase, resulting in decreased synthesis of ergosterol
57
Caspofungin MOA
Inhibits synthesis of beta-1,3-D-glucan, an essential polysaccharide component of the cell wall of filmentous fungi
58
Invasive Aspergillosis, Esophageal Candidiasis in pts refractory to Amphotericin B or Itraconazole
Caspofungin
59
Immune Globulin Tx
Measles & Hep A Prevention | Hep B & Measles Prophylaxis
60
RSV in high risk infants
Palivizumab
61
Palivizumab MOA
mAb to the F protein of RSV
62
Amantadine MOA
blocks viral penetration of host cells & uncoating, inhibits release of infectious nucleic acid into cell cytoplasm, by buffering the pH of endosomes, Blocks M2 viral protein channels required for nucleocapsid release
63
Amantadine Tx
Influenza A
64
Zanamivir & Oseltamivir MOA
inhibition of Influenza virua NA, decreasing release & causing viral aggregat
65
Zanamivir & Oseltamivir Tx
all strains of Influenza A & B
66
Ribavirin MOA
affects cellular nucleotide pool & inhibits viral RNA pol & viral mRNA synthesis (higher affinity for viral RNA pol than cellular RNA pol)
67
Ribavirin Tx
Children: RSV Tx of LRTI Adults: chronic hepatitis C
68
Trifluridine MOA
Analog, inhibits viral DNA synthesis by causing chain termination after being incorporated into DNA strand
69
Trifluridine Tx
HSV-1 & HSV-2 keratoconjunctivitis & keratitis
70
Trifluridine SE
Visual Haze: burning or stinging
71
Acyclovir Tx
Genital warts, Systemic HSV, VZV in children
72
Ganciclovir SE
Teratogenic, carcinogenic Granulocytopenia, Thrombocytopenia Severe Myelosuppression
73
Ganciclovir Tx
CMV retinitis, Life- or Sight-threatening CMV infections
74
Foscarnet Tx
CMV retinitis in AIDS pts
75
Interferon alpha-2b MOA
inhibition of viral protein synthesis & viral replication by acting as an inducer of proteins that inhibits the translation fo viral mRNA to protein - 2'5' oligo adenylate synthetase, protein kinase, phosphodiesterase
76
Interferon alpha-2b Tx
Cutaneous warts, Chronic Hep B, Chronic Hep C w/ Ribavirin, anti-cancer effects

Pharm Exam 8 (5 decks)

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