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7PY023 Clinical Exam > Drug names > Flashcards

Drug names Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

Imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
First line for CML- imatinib
Side effects: rash, cytopenia, fluid retention, abnormal LFTs.

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2
Q

Atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol

A

Beta blockers
Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias
Water-soluble beta-blockers (such as atenolol, celiprolol hydrochloride, nadolol, and sotalol hydrochloride) less likely to enter the brain, cause less sleep disturbance and nightmares. Excreted by the kidneys and dosage reduction is often necessary in renal impairment.
Contraindicated in heart block and unstable HF
Contraindicated in asthma (bronchospasm)
Non selective- propranolol
Selective- atenolol

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3
Q

Ramipril, lisinopril, captopril, enalapril

A

ACEi
Hypertension- first line in diabetes, aged under 55, caucasian
Ramipril: 1-2.5 mg once daily
S.E. dry cough, first dose hypotension (take at night), angioedema
CI- AKI, pregnancy
Hyperkalaemia
Triple whammy - diuretic, NSAID, ACEi- AKI
Monitor renal function and electrolytes

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4
Q

Citalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine

A

SSRI
Depression 1st line; better tolerated and safer in overdose
Angina or MI = sertraline
Serotonin syndrome- flushing
QT prolongation with citalopram
S.E. Palpitations, tachycardia, dry mouth
Increased bleeding risk- interaction with NSAIDs and anticoagulants

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5
Q

Omeprazole, lansoprazole

A

PPI
Dyspepsia/ GORD
Reduce gastric acid
S.E. Hypomagnesemia
Osteoporosis / increased risk of fractures
Vitamin deficiency
C diff risk

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6
Q

Ipratropium, tiotropium

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonists
Asthma/COPD
Add on therapy for severe exacerbations
Adults and children aged 12 years and older — 20 to 40 micrograms 3 to 4 times daily.
Cautioned in glaucoma
Dry mouth- interact with anticholinergics

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7
Q

Ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, indomethacin, aspirin

A

NSAID
Pain, RA
CI: Active GI bleeds, history of gastric ulcer, severe HF, severe renal impairment, severe hepatic impairment. COX-2 not suitable for patients with ischaemic heart disease
S.E. GI bleeds- require gastroprotection if taking long term, ulceration, dyspepsia
Renal impairment
Interact with alendronate, ACEi, anticoagulants, SSRI, beta-blockers, corticosteroids, ciclosporin, fluconazole, lithium, furosemide, methotrexate, spironolactone, ciprofloxacin, bendroflumethiazide
Monitoring: renal function, blood pressure, liver function, haemoglobin

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8
Q

Amlodipine, felodipine

A

Calcium channel blockers
Hypertension
55 and over, black, no diabetes
CI: HF, severe hypotension
S.E: Vasodilatory adverse effects (facial flushing, headaches, postural hypotension, and ankle swelling)
Interactions: Antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants, antifungals, antiretrovirals, carbamazepine, beta-blocker, ciclosporin, digoxin, macrolide antibiotics, statins

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9
Q

Selegiline, moclobemide, phenelzine, isocarboxazid

A

MAOI
Depression- use by specialist- after TCA fail
Interaction with food - cheese reaction
Interact with tyramine and increase BP
Don’t give with SSRI - increased serotonin syndrome risk

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10
Q

Diazepam, clobazam, lorazepam, temazepam

A

Benzodiazepine
Anxiety- first line

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11
Q

Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, azathioprine, leflunomide, penicillamine

A

DMARD
RA, IBD
Methotrexate-
once weekly
take folic acid on alternative day
blood disorders- sore throat, bruising, fever

Azathioprine- Patients and their carers should be warned to report immediately any signs or symptoms of bone marrow suppression such as inexplicable bruising, bleeding or infection.
Nausea is common in early treatment, usually resolves after a few weeks. Can be managed by using divided doses, taking with or after food, prescribing anti-emetic or temporarily reducing the dose. Not significant enough to warrant an immediate referral. Measure TPMT activity.

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12
Q

Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab

A

bDMARD
RA
Prescribe by brand

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13
Q

Allopurinol, colchicine, febuxostat

A

Gout-
Colchicine: can be used for short term prophylaxis during initial therapy with allopurinol. For the treatment of acute gout, a maximum of 12 tablets should be prescribed per course, and the course should not be repeated within three days. The most common side effects are diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain

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14
Q

Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide

A

TB
Rifampicin- enzyme inducer, discolours urine orange/red. Watch out for signs of liver toxicity i.e. nausea, vomiting, malaise, jaundice.

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15
Q

Atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuavastatin, fluvastatin

A

Statins- inhibit HMG CoA reductase
Hypercholesterolemia
Take at night (simvastatin)
CI: liver disease, pregnancy
S.E. rhabdomyolysis, myalgia, myopathy, hyperglycemia
Interactions: amiodarone, ciclosporin, danazol, CCB (max 20mg simvastatin), erythromycin, ezetimibe, fibrates, HIV protease inhibitors, azole antifungals, grapefruit, St Johns Wort
Monitor: HbA1C, LFT, lipid profile, creatine kinase

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16
Q

Loperamide

A

Diarrhoea
Opioid

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17
Q

Carbamazepine, sodium valproate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, pregabalin, gabapentin

A

Anti-epileptics/ anti-convulsants
Epilepsy
Neuropathic pain
Carbamazepine- SJS
Valproate- PPP

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18
Q

Dexamethasone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, beclomethasone

A

Corticosteroids
CI: current system infection
Caution: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hepatic impairment
Take with breakfast to mimic natural release
Gradual reduction
S.E: Adrenal suppression, osteoporosis, reduced growth in children, weight gain, moon face, cushings syndrome, peptic ulceration, hyperglycaemia,
Dexamethasone test
Carry steroid card
PPI if risk of GI problems
Monitoring: Blood pressure, Body weight, Body mass index (BMI), Height (children and adolescents), Optometrist assessment for glaucoma and cataract, HbA1c or fasting glucose level, triglycerides, and potassium.
Falls risk, osteoporosis risk
Interactions: anticoagulants, antiepileptics, antidiabetic, antifungal, ART, live vaccines, macrolides, methotrexate, NSAIDs, rifampicin, isoniazid, hypokalemia

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19
Q

Propylthiouracil, carbimazole

A

Hyperthyroidism
Carbimazole can cause agranulocytosis and so sore throat and blood dyscrasias should be monitored
Propylthiouracil preferred in pregnancy

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20
Q

Levothyroxine, liothyronine

A

Hypothyroidism

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21
Q

Salbutamol, salmeterol, formoterol

A

B2 agonists/ bronchodilators
Asthma/ COPD
Salbutamol- headaches, muscle cramps, max dose 4, reliever, 5/10 minutes onset

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22
Q

Hyoscine, cinnarizine

A

Motion sickness

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23
Q

Theophylline, aminophylline

A

Methylxanthines
Asthma
Prescribe by brand
Narrow TI- 10–20 mg/litre
Affected by smoking
Hypokalaemia
Nausea

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24
Q

Montelukast, zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Asthma
Montelukast — 10 mg once daily in adults and children aged 15 years and older, 5 mg once daily in children aged 6–14 years, and 4 mg once daily in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Doses to be taken in the evening.
Zafirlukast — 20 mg twice daily in adults and children aged 12 years and older. Not licensed for use in younger children.

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25
H1 receptor antagonist
First-generation antihistamines Diphenhydramine Promethazine Hydroxyzine Chlorpheniramine Second-generation antihistamines Loratadine Desloratadine Cetirizine Levocetirizine Fexofenadine Allergic reactions Hay fever, hives, itching 1st generations cause more sedation Can cause anticholinergic side effects
26
H2 receptor antagonists
Ranitidine Famotidine Nizatidine Cimetidine Reduce stomach acid - peptic ulcers, GORD, ZES Less effective than PPIs
27
Verapamil, amiodarone, diltiazem
Anti-arrhythmic calcium channel blocker Rate limiting CI: HF, bradycardia, heart block,
28
Losartan, candesartan, valsartan
ARB Second-line antihypertensive if ACEi inappropriate
29
Chlorpormazine, haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone
Antipsychotics Schizophrenia
30
Levedopa
Dopamine agonist Parkinson’s
31
R-CHOP
Rituximab, cyclophosphamide (bone marrow supression), doxorubicin (cardiomyopathy), vincristine (neuropathy), prednisolone (tumour lysis syndrome- give allopurinol) NHL
32
ABVD
Doxorubicin (cardiomyopathy- breathlessness), bleomycin (pulmonary toxicity, lung fibrosis- breathlessness), vinblastine (neuropathy- tingling), dacarbazine (bone marrow suppression) HL- 28 day cycle
33
BEACOPP
Blemoycin (pulmonary toxicity, fibrosis), etoposide (bone marrow suppression) , doxorubicin (dilated cardiomyopathy), cyclophosphamide (bone marrow suppression), vincristine (neuroapthy), procarbazine, prednisolone (tumour lysis syndrome) HL
34
R-CVP
Rituximab, cyclophoshpamide (bone marrow suppression), vincristine (neuropathy), prednisolone (tumour lysis syndrome)
35
BR
Bendamustine, rituximab
36
Glyceryl trinitrate
Angina Sublingual spray Can cause headaches
37
Sildenafil
Viagra ED S.E Headaches Not appropriate for CVD Interact with GTN
38
Lithium
Bipolar Prescribe by brand name Narrow TI - 0.8-1.2- monitor 12 hours after first dose and 1 week after starting treatment CI- CVD, renal impairment S.E. Nausea, vertigo, muscle weakness, diarrhoea, dazed feeling Long term: thyroid instability, renal impairment Interactions: diuretics (thiazide), NSAIDs, ACEi, hypokalaemia, haloperidol, carbamazepine, anti-depressants Toxicity: muscle weakness, ataxia, lack of coordination, tinnitus, dysarthria Counselling: carry lithium card, regular blood tests, no NSAIDs, vomiting and diarrhoea will increase levels, don’t stop abruptly
39
Tamsulosin
BPH Don’t give in hypotension Can decrease blood pressure anticholinergic side efefcts
40
Tranexamic acid
excessive blood loss from major trauma, postpartum bleeding, surgery, tooth removal, nosebleeds, and heavy menstruation.
41
alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin, sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitors T2DM S.E. Gastrointestinal and URTI
42
Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinedione CI in heart failure, increased risk of bladder cancer
43
Glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, tolbutamide
Sulfonylureas T2DM weight gain and hypoglycemia
44
exenatide, exenatide LAR liraglutide, lixisenatide,dulaglutide, semaglutide
GLP-1 agonists T2DM
45
dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitors first line if metformin CI and HF DKA, UTI side effects weight loss
46
Tamoxifen
selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men
47
spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene, aldosterone receptor antagonists and eplerenone
Potassium sparing diuretics Hyperkalaemia gynecomastia with spironolactone
48
Bendroflumethiazide
Thiazide diuretic Hypokalaemia
49
Furosemide, bumetanide
Loop diuretics Pulmonary oedema S.E Hypokalaemia
50
Penicillin, amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, flucloxacillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin
Penicillins Allergy common
51
Cefaclor, Cefadroxil, Cefalexin, Cefiderocol, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefradine, Ceftaroline Fosamil, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime
Cephalosporins- during treatment with cephalosporins, a false positive for glucose in the urine may occur. Should not be given to patients allergic to penicillin. Can be given in pregnancy. Can be prescribed for meningitis. Side effects include diarrhoea which can indicate colitis.
52
Gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin
Aminoglycosides Nephro and ototoxicity- avoid multiple nephrotoxic drugs, monitor renal function
53
Tetracycline, doxycycline
Tetracyclines
54
Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin
Macrolides antibiotic- chest infections CI - QT prolongation. Caution - AKI S.E - GI: nausea, abdominal discomfort Interactions: carbamazepine, CCBs, statins, hypokalaemia, theophylline, warfarin
55
Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones- taking NSAIDs at the same time as ciprofloxacin may induce convulsions. Can impair the performance of skilled tasks. Tendinitis is a common side effect for treatment, patients should complete the course and see their GP if symptoms persist after 7 days. Food and/or medicinal products containing calcium, iron and zinc should be avoided for 2 hours before and after a dose.
56
Meropenem
Carbapenem antibiotic
57
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide Narrow TI - 10-20 mg/L
58
Aztreonam
Monobactam
59
Linezolid
Oxazolidinones
60
Rifampicin rifabutin
Rifamycin
61
Metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim
Antibiotics Metronidazole + alcohol = disulfram reaction Nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim - UTI
62
Abacavir (Ziagen) Emtricitabine (Emtriva) Lamivudine (Epivir) Tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy) Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) Zidovudine (Retrovir)
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor Antiviral
63
Atazanavir, Darunavir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir
Protease inhibitors HIV
64
Doravirine, efavirenz, etravirine, nevirapine
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors S.E. rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
65
Aciclovir
DNA polymerase inhibitor Herpes, varicella zoster
66
Dolutegravir
HIV integrase inhibitor HIV
67
Amphotericin, Nystatin
Polyenes antifungals Amphotericin- Adult patients must be given a test dose of this antifungal prior to their first intravenous infusion in a new course. They then must be observed for at least 30 minutes after the test dose for any signs of anaphylaxis.
68
Miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole
Imidazoles Miconazole- athletes foot clotrimazole- vaginal cream ketoconazole- shampoo for dandruff
69
Fluconazole, triconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole
Triazoles Wide range of superficial and systemic
70
Caspofungin, micafungin
Echinocandin antibiotic Aspergillus and candida Invasive infection and neutropenic infection
71
Flucytosine
Severe infections
72
Ciclosporin, tacrolimus
calcineurin inhibitors immunosuppressants Take in two divided doses Blood levels of ciclosporin are increased by grapefruit juice which increases the potential for nephrotoxicity. The solution can however be mixed with orange juice (or squash), apple juice (to improve taste) or with water immediately before taking. This should then be rinsed with more to ensure the full dose is taken. Prescribing and dispensing should be by brand name. If they have to be switched then they must be closely monitored for changes in blood-ciclosporin concentration, serum creatinine, blood pressure and transplant function. Avoid excessive exposure to UV light including sunlight to reduce risk of skin cancer. PUVA should be avoided as it uses Psoralen alongside UV rays which should be avoided to reduce risk of skin cancers.
73
Ispaghula husk, methylcellulose
Bulk forming laxative 1st line for constipation Increase stool size, easier to pass S.E. flatulence, bloating
74
Senna, glycerol, sodium picosulfate, bisacodyl
Stimulant laxative S.E. Abdominal pain Not suitable in pregnancy 6-12 hours onset
75
Lactulose, magnesium hydroxide, macrogol, polyethylene glycol
Osmotic laxative S.E. flatulence, abdominal pain, colic
76
Docusate, arachis oil
Stool softener Constipation Nausea
77
Amitriptyline
Tricyclic antidepressant More side effects compared to SSRI Toxic in overdose More antimuscarinic effects, sedative and cardiotoxicity compared to SSRI
78
Donepezil
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Alzheimer's Dementia
79
Tofacitinib, baricitinib
JAK inhibitors RA
80
Celecoxib
targeting selectivity for COX-2 reduces the risk of peptic ulceration unsuitable in cardiac patients
81
Warfarin
Anticoagulant Bleeding risk
82
Digoxin
Atrial fibrillation loading dose of 250 micrograms to 750 micrograms a day for 7 days, followed by a maintenance dose (125 micrograms to 250 micrograms a day) S.E: Sinoatrial and atrioventricular block. Premature ventricular contractions (resulting in bigeminy or trigeminy). PR prolongation and ST-segment depression. Non-cardiac adverse effects of digoxin include: Nausea, vomiting, and (less commonly) diarrhoea. Nausea, in particular, is indicative of overdose. Visual abnormalities (blurred or yellow vision). Central nervous system effects, such as weakness, dizziness, confusion, apathy, malaise, headache, depression, and psychosis. Thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis (rare). Gynaecomastia in men following prolonged administration (digoxin has oestrogenic activity). Interactions: antidepressants, beta-blockers, diuretics, St John's wort, PPI
83
Danazol
Heavy menstrual bleeding Side effects include amenorrhoea, hot flushes, sweating, changes in libido, vaginitis and emotional lability. Danazol also causes androgenic side effects such as acne, oily skin and hair, hirsutism, oedema, weight gain, voice deepening and decreasing breast size. Danazol has to be taken daily.
84
GnRH analogues- Leuprolide, goserelin (zoladex), triptorelin and histrelin
Breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometriosis Use of the GnRH analogues may evoke menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, decreased libido, vaginal dryness (topical vaginal lubricants may be helpful), mood changes and headache.
85
Mefloquine
Treatment and prophylaxis of malaria. Dose: 250 mg once weekly, dose to be started 2–3 weeks before entering endemic area and continued for 4 weeks after leaving. Adequate contraception should be used during prophylaxis and for 3 months after stopping. It is common for patients to experience abnormal dreams. Use of mefloquine is contraindicated in depression
86
Griseofulvin
This antifungal is licensed for oral use in the treatment of fungal infections of the scalp; it may impair the performance of skilled tasks and may enhance the effect of alcohol.
87
Griseofulvin
This antifungal is licensed for oral use in the treatment of fungal infections of the scalp; it may impair the performance of skilled tasks and may enhance the effect of alcohol.
88
Baclofen
Spasticity, muscle spasms. Contraindicated in active peptic ulceration. Side effects: Confusion; constipation; depression; diarrhoea; dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth; euphoric mood; hallucination; headache; hyperhidrosis; hypotension; nausea; paraesthesia; skin reactions; urinary disorders; vision disorders; vomiting. Discontinue over 1-2 weeks
89
Hydroxychloroquine
RA/ Lupus Antacids should not be taken within four hours of taking hydroxychloroquine as absorption of the drug may be reduced. The maximum daily dose would be calculated based on ideal body weight to avoid overdosing. Hydroxychloroquine should be taken with or after food. Hydroxychloroquine can affect hearing and balance. Mrs A should be advised to have regular eye tests.
90
Sulfasalazine
DMARD for RA full blood counts should be taken upon initiation of treatment, and at monthly intervals during the first 3 months liver function tests should be performed at monthly intervals for the first 3 months of treatment patients should be advised that their urine may show a yellow/orange discolouration patients should be advised to see his GP should he develop a sore throat or fever during treatment
91
Quinine
Leg cramps at night Treatment with quinine should only be considered when non-pharmacological measures have failed Quinine sulfate must be avoided in patients with tinnitus It may take up to 4 weeks for the patient to notice any benefit from treatment The patient should expect to stop treatment at 3-monthly intervals and undergo an assessment to see if quinine is still required
92
Estramustine
Prostate cancer Cautioned in cardiovascular disease Manufacturer advises each dose should be taken not less than 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals and should not be taken with products containing calcium, magnesium or aluminium, including dairy products and antacid medication.

7PY023 Clinical Exam (8 decks)

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