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Ocular Pharmacology > Drug Names (Antibacterials) > Flashcards

Drug Names (Antibacterials) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Bacitracin

A 
Bactericidal; disrupts cell wall synthesis
Narrow gram(+) and some gram (-)
Only used as an ointment
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2
Q

Describe Gramicidin

A

Same MOA as Bacitracin but stable as a solution

Similar spectrum, narrow with gram (+) and some gram (-)

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3
Q

Describe Neomycin

A

Aminoglycoside; Bacteriocidal
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30s ribosome and causes mRNA misreading
Narrrow spectrum - Gram (-)
Resistance is frequent (can lead to toxic conjunctivitis)
Frequent Allergic Sensitizer (Like all aminoglycosides)

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4
Q

Describe Gentamycin

A

Aminoglycoside; Bacteriocidal
Binds to 30s ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis
Resistance possible via increased drug metabolism by organism
Some gram (+) including staph, some gram (-) including pseudomonas, moxarella, haemophilus

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5
Q

Describe Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycoside; Bacteriocidal
Binds to 30s ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis
Resistance possible via increased drug metabolism by organism
Some gram (+) including staph, some gram (-) pseudonomas (superior to gentamycin), moxarella, haemophilus
Less nephrotoxicity than gentamycin with systemic injection

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6
Q

Describe Amikacin

A

Aminoglycoside; bacteriocidal

Effective against gentamycin/tobramycin resistant strains

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7
Q

Describe Polymyxin B

A

Bacteriocidal (Very good)
Narrow spectrum - Gram (-) only
Detergent like solubilization of outer cellular membrane of gram (-) bacteria to alter permeability
Very few toxicities, rarely allergies and topical irritation
Only available in combo products or a powder to allow for compounding to be made

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8
Q

Describe Sulfacetamide

A

Sulfa-drug AB; bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum - + and -
Mimics PABA which is involved in use of folic acid to generate precursors for nucleic acid
A lot of resistance developed against drug, but great to treat UTI

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9
Q

Describe Trimethoprim

A

Bacteriostatic (bacteriocidal if comboed with polymyxin B)
Competitive inhibition along folic acid pathway to prevent nucleic acid formation
Does not experience cross sensitivity with other sulfa drugs

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10
Q

Describe Tetracycline

A

Bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum - includes chlamydia
Blocks binding of 30S ribosome for protein synthesis
No topical ocular preparations

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11
Q

Describe Doxycycline/Minocycline

A

Related to the tetracyclines; bacteriostatic
Binds to 30S ribosome to stop protein synthesis
Can be used systemically and has an anti-inflammatory effect if used below AB concentration

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12
Q

Describe Erythromycin

A

Macrolide AB; bacteriostatic
Spectrum like penicillin - Gram (+/-) and neisseria and chlamydia
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosome, specifically inhibits translocation.
Available only in a 0.5% ointment
Can treat neonatal conjunctivitis

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13
Q

What are the names of macrolide ABs that come in solution?

A

Azithromycin and Clarithromycin

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14
Q

Describe Azithromycin

A

Macrolide AB; Bacteriostatic
SPectrum similar to pencillins (Gram +/- with neiserria and chlamydia)
Inhibits translocation, binds to 30S ribosome to stop protein synthesis
Orally most prescribed AB in the US

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15
Q

Describe Chloramphenicol

A

Bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum with excellent ocular penetration
Inhibits transpeptidation; inhibits protein synthesis
Resistance common
Available for IV, not available for topical ocular

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16
Q

Name the fluroquinolones, distinguishing the ones that are 4th generation

A

Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Levofloxacin

4th generation
Moxifloxcin
Gatifloxcin
Besifloxcin

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17
Q

Name the pencillins and categorize them

A

Natural - Penicillin G, Pen VK
Pencillinase resistant - Methicillin, Floxacillin, Dicloxacillin
Aminopencillins - Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
Extended Spectrum - Tiacarcillin

18
Q

Name the cephalosporins and categorize them

A

1st gen - Cephalexnin, Cefadroxil
2nd gen - Cerfuroxime, Cefaclor
3rd gen - Cefdiner

19
Q

Describe Vancomycin

A

Bactericidal
Narrow spectrum - Gram (+) (resistant) and MRSA/flesh-eating disease
Inhibits cell wall synthesis

20
Q

Describe Linezoid (Zyvox)

A

Bacteriostatic
Narrow spectrum - Gram (+) resistant strains, including those resistant to vanocomycin like VREF
Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking 30S and 50S ribosomes

21
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Polymyxin B?

A

Polymyxin B Sulfate

Powder 50,000 units/vial

22
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Erythromycin?

A

Erythromycin

Ointment 5mg/gram

23
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Azithromycin?

A

AzaSite

Solution 10mg/ml

24
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Gentamicin?

A

Garamycin, Genoptic
Ointment 3mg/gram
Solution 3mg/ml

25
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Tobramycin?

A

Tobrex
Ointment 3mg/gram
Solution 3mg/ml

26
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Bacitracin?

A

Bacitracin

Ointment 500units/gram

27
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Ciprofloxacin HCl?

A

Ciloxan
Solution 3.5 mg/ml
Ointment 3.33 mg/ml

28
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Ofloxacin?

A

Ocuflox

Solution 3.0 mg/ml

29
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Levofloxacin?

A

Quixin, Iquix
Solution 5.0 mg/ml
Solution 15 mg/ml

30
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Moxifloxacin?

A

Vigamox, Moxeza

Solution 5.0 mg/ml

31
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Gatifloxacin?

A

Zymaxid

Solution 5.0 mg/ml

32
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Besifloxacin?

A

Besivance

Suspension 6.0mg/ml

33
Q

What are the trade names and form/strength for Sulfacetamide?

A

Bleph-10
Ointment 100mg/gram
Solution 100mg/ml

34
Q

What is contained in the combo product Neoporin/AK-Spore/Neotricin ointment?

A

Neomycin 3.5 mg
Polmyxcin 10,000 units
Bacitracin 400 units

35
Q

What is contained in the combo product Neoporin/AK-Spore/Neocidin solution?

A

Neomycin 1.75 mg
Polmyxcin 10,000 units
Gramicidin 0.025 mg

36
Q

What is contained in the combo product Polysporin ointment?

A

Polymyxcin B 10,000 units

Bactracin 500 units

37
Q

What is contained in the combo product Polytrim solution?

A

Polymyxcin B 10,000 units

Trimethoprim 1mg

38
Q

Discuss Natamycin (Natacyn)

A

Antifungal (only one in optometry)

Polyene antifungal binding to sterols in cell membrane to create pores

39
Q

Discuss Amphotericin B (Amphotec)

A

Systemic Antifungal (IV)
Broad antifungal spectrum
Polyene antifungal, binds to sterols in cell
membrane to create pores to cause cellular contents to leak out

40
Q

Discuss Miconazole (Monistat)

A

Very broad fungi action with some gram (+) action; good ocular penetration
Group of agents blocking ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P-450
Many drug-drug interactions
Used exclusively to treat mucocutaneous and cutaneous fungal infections

41
Q

Discuss Flucytosine (5-flurocytosine)

A

Antifungal
Spectrum - Yeast-like (Candida)
Antimetabolite substituting for nucleic acid to disrupt metabolism
Can be used with amphotericin B

42
Q

Describe Griseofulvin

A

Antifungal (very slow acting)
Spectrum - only dermatophytes
Inhibits fungal mitosis

Ocular Pharmacology (11 decks)

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