Drug Names (Antivirals)

Question 1

Describe Idoxuridine

Answer 1

0.1% solution (no longer available)
First and prototypical of the nucleotide analog antivirals
Mimicks substrate that is phosphorylated by thymidine kinase to become an active cytotoxic metabolite.

Question 2

Describe Trigluriidien (Viroptic)

Answer 2

Nucleotide analog (1.0% solution)
Spectrum - In vivo and In vitro HSV I and II and vaccina
Good ocular penetration that’s better than IDU
Same MOA as IDU - Metabolized to triphosphate derivative and inhibits thymidine kinase

Question 3

Describe Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Answer 3

Acyclic deoxy-guanosine derivative; not available in topical ocular, but IV, oral and topical cutaneous)
Spectrum - Varcilla-zoster, epstein-barr, and some CMV (not vaccina, adenovirus or RNA viruses)
Phosphorylated by thymidine kinase and the triphosphate acyclovir is worked into the DNA. VERY selective and highly effective for what it does (especially in vitro)

Question 4

Describe Ganciclovir (Cytovene)

Answer 4

Oral, and IV preps
Nucleotide analog (Acyclic deoxy-guanosine)
Used mostly to treat immunocompromised CMV retinitis patients; or those with life/sight threatening conditions that have resisted other treatments.
Phosphorylated into triophosphate derivative and worked into DNA.
Toxic to normal cells as well

Question 5

Describe Cidofovir (Vistide)

Answer 5

IV preps
Nucleotide analog (Acyclic deoxy-guanosine)
Used mostly to treat immunocompromised CMV retinitis patients; or those with life/sight threatening conditions that have resisted other treatments.
Phosphorylated into triophosphate derivative and worked into DNA.
Toxic to normal cells as well
Newer than ganciclovir

Question 6

Describe Foscarnet (Foscavir)

Answer 6

Pyrophosphate derivative; powder for IV use

Used to treat AIDS patients with CMV retinitis (but effective against all herpes groups and not just CMV)

Question 7

Describe Fomivirsen (Vitravene)

Answer 7

Antisense Agent; intravitreal injections
Oligonucleotide blocking 2 specific viral proteins during mRNA translation.
Doesn’t interfere with other antivirals
“Viralstatic”

Question 8

Describe Amantadine (Symmetrel)

Answer 8

Anti-influenza A drug (not good against influenza B) also a dopamine agonist
Used for prophylactic treatment
Affects viral M2 protein to disrupt viral uncoating and viral assembly
Significant resistance developd

Question 9

Describe Zanamivir (Relenza) and Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Answer 9

Neuramindase inhibitors; Anti-influenza agents
Good against Influenza A and B
Inhibits the neuraminidase enzyme required for viral release.
Toxicities
Some bronchospams associated with zanamivir (relenza)
Some nausea associated with oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Question 10

What drugs are Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors?

Answer 10

Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)
Zalcitabine (Hivid, ddC)
Didanosine (Vldex, ddl)

Question 11

What drugs are non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

Answer 11

Nevirapine (Viramune)

Delavirdine (Rescriptor)

Question 12

What drugs are Protease Inhibitors?

Answer 12

Ritonavir (Norvir)
Indianvir Sulfate (Crixivan)
Saquinavir Mesylate (Invirase)

Question 13

What drugs are the fusion/entry inhibitors?

Answer 13

Fusion - Enfuviritide (Fuzeon)

Entry - Maraviroc (Selzentry)

Question 14

What drugs are Integrase Inhibitors?

Answer 14

Raltegravir (Isentress)