Drug Names (Group 4 // L - P) Flashcards
(46 cards)
Generic – Levonorgestrel
1 emergency contraceptive tablet
> Brand – Next Choice One Dose®, Plan B One-Step®
Class – hormone contraceptives
Background – hormones normally rise and fall in a pattern or “cycle” promoting egg ovulation and implantation for pregnancy to occur
Pharmacology – preventing egg ovulation and/or implantation
Indications – pregnancy prevention
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, emotional changes, blood clots
Interactions – increases blood clot formation from smoking cigarettes, and reduces hormone contraceptive effects from antibiotics
(Category X)
(Do not use during pregnancy)
Generic – Amiloride
> Brand – Midamor®
Class – potassium-sparing diuretics
Background – common hypokalemia side effect is caused by diuretics
Pharmacology – increases salt and water from the via urine without causing low potassium
Indications – hypertension, heart failure
Side effects – hyperkalemia, hypotension
Interactions – causes high blood potassium levels, and increases hyperkalemia risks from potassium supplements
Generic – Amiodarone
> Brand – Pacerone®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias
Generic – Amlodipine
> Brand – Norvasc®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs
Generic – Bismuth Subsalicylate
> Brand – Pepto-Bismol®
Indications – heartburn, indigestion, nausea, upset stomach
(OTC antacids)
Generic – Calcium Carbonate
> Brands – Maalox®, Tums®
Class – antacids
Background – bases neutralize acids
Pharmacology – neutralizes the stomach acids and converts the acids into water
Indications – heartburn, upset stomach
Side Effects – constipation (calcium and aluminum), diarrhea (magnesium), kidney stones (calcium)
Interactions – antacids can interfere with certain drug absorption
(OTC)
Generic – Cilostazol
> Brand – Pletal®
Class – antiplatelets
Background – one of two key blood clot components are platelets
Pharmacology – prevents platelet aggregation
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – increase gastrointestinal bleeding when risks used with NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Clopidogrel
> Brand – Plavix®
Class – antiplatelets
Background – one of two key blood clot components are platelets
Pharmacology – prevents platelet aggregation
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when used with NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Conjugated Estrogens
> Brand – Premarin®
> Indications – menopause symptoms
Generic – Dabigatran
> Brand – Pradaxa®
Class – anticoagulants
Background – one of two major blood clot components are fibrin that forms a reaction from blood and chemicals by damaged blood vessel
Pharmacology – blocks and interferes the chemical reactions that lead to fibrin forming
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – vitamin k can effect the warfarin medication, and increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when using NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Disopyramide
> Brand – Norpace®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias
Generic – Doxycycline
> Brand – Monodox®
> Indications – bacterial infections
Generic – Enoxaparin
> Brand – Lovenox®
Class – anticoagulants
Background – one of two major blood clot components are fibrin that forms a reaction from blood and chemicals by damaged blood vessel
Pharmacology – blocks and interferes the chemical reactions that lead to fibrin forming
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – vitamin k can effect the warfarin medication, and increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when using NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Eszopiclone
> Brand – Lunesta®
Class – sedative-hypnotics (depressants)
Background – BNZ₁ receptor activation promotes sleep
Indications – insomnia
Side Effects – drowsiness, somnolence, dependency
Interactions – increases drowsiness with other drugs that suppress nervous system activity (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol)
(C-IV)
Generic – Felodipine
> Brand – Plendil®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs
Generic – Fluvoxamine
> Brand – Luvox®
Class – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Background – neurotransmitters of depression, behavior, eating, and nausea/vomiting are called serotonins, and must be in a synaptic cleft long enough to exert effect, and is removed afterwards
Pharmacology – allows serotonin to remain in the synaptic cleft
Indications – depression, behavior and eating disorders
Side Effects – agitation, confusion, hallucinations, body weight, nausea, pressured speech, tremor, rigidity, diarrhea, fever, sweating, flushing, seizures, and serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases bleeding from NSAIDS, anticoagulants, and/or antiplatelets, and also serotonin syndrome from drugs (e.g. SNRI, TCAs)
[Chemical name: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]
Generic – Formoterol
inhaler
> Brand – Perforomist®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Long acting)
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Gabapentin
> Brand – Neurotin®
Class – antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Background – abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures
Pharmacology – suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism)
Indications – seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders
Side Effects – drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare), nerve pain
Interactions – severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)
Generic – Hydrochlorothiazide
> Brand – Microzide®
Class – thiazide diuretics
Background – sodium is associated with water retention and hypertension
Pharmacology – increases salt and water transferring from blood to urine
Indications – hypertension, edema
Side effects – hypotension, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, mule cramps, cardiac arrhythmias, photosensitivity, and SJS (rare)
Drug interactions – severe hypertension and hypokalemia by combining other reduced blood pressure drugs (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, loop diuretics)
Generic – Insulin Aspart
> Brand – Novolog®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood by rapid acting with 15 to 30 minute onset and 3 to 6 hour duration action process
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(Rx Only)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – Magnesium Hydroxide
> Brand – Milk of Magnesia®
Indications – constipation
(OTC laxatives)
Generic – Meloxicam
> Brand – Mobic®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)
Generic – Memantime
> Brand – Namenda®
> Indications – alzheimer’s disease
Generic – Methadone
> Brand – Methadose®
Indications – pain, opioid addiction
(C-II opioid)
