Drug Names (Group 6 // T - Z)

Question 1

Generic – Acetaminophen

analgesics

Answer 1

> Brand – Tylenol®
Indications – fever
(OTC pain)

Question 2

Generic – Allopurinol

Answer 2

> Brand – Zyloprim®

> Indications – gout

Question 3

Generic – Allopurinol

Answer 3

> Brand – Zyloprim®
Class – anti-gout agents
Background – gout is severe inflammation of at least one joint(s) caused by high uric acid in the blood from consuming certain foods, beverages and certain drugs killing cells inside the body to cause severe joint pain and inflammation (i.g. gout) of crystalizing (i.g turning to solid) the uric acid, and depositing it in joint spaces
Pharmacology – blocks uric acid formulations (allopurinol and febuxostat) or prevents the immune system from attacking uric acid crystals (colchicine)
Indications – gout
Side Effects – diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps/pain, impaired white blood cell formation/development (colchicine)
Interactions – many drugs can increase uric acid levels (e.g. aspirin and thiazide diuretics), which can also work against it of lowering treatments

Question 4

Generic – Ampicillin//Sulbactam

Answer 4

> Brand – Unasyn®
Class – antibiotics
Background – bacteria and humans are living cells, but there are several structural and physiological differences between them
Pharmacology – there are different antibiotic classes where each one exploits a difference between bacterial and human cells.
Indications – bacterial infections
Side effects – diarrhea
Interactions – increases warfarin of increased bleeding, and decreases oral contraceptives effects, and impair antibiotic absorption from electrolytes within antacids and multivitamins
(Finish all medication unless directed otherwise)

Question 5

Generic – Azithromycin

Answer 5

> Brand – Zithromax®, Z-pak®
Class – antibiotics
Background – bacteria and humans are living cells, but there are several structural and physiological differences between them
Pharmacology – there are different antibiotic classes where each one exploits a difference between bacterial and human cells.
Indications – bacterial infections
Side effects – diarrhea
Interactions – increases warfarin of increased bleeding, and decreases oral contraceptives effects, and impair antibiotic absorption from electrolytes within antacids and multivitamins
(Finish all medication unless directed otherwise)

Question 6

Generic – Azithromycin

Answer 6

> Brand – Z Pak®
Class – antibiotics
Background – bacteria and humans are living cells, but there are several structural and physiological differences between them
Pharmacology – there are different antibiotic classes where each one exploits a difference between bacterial and human cells.
Indications – bacterial infections
Side effects – diarrhea
Interactions – increases warfarin of increased bleeding, and decreases oral contraceptives effects, and impair antibiotic absorption from electrolytes within antacids and multivitamins
(Finish all medication unless directed otherwise)

Question 7

Generic – Bupropion

XL

Answer 7

> Brand – Wellbutrin®

> Indications – depression

Question 8

Generic – Cetirizine

antihistamines

Answer 8

> Brand – Zyrtec®
Indications – allergies
(OTC)

Question 9

Generic – Colesevelam

Answer 9

> Brand – Welchol®
Class – bile acid sequestrants
Background – thick fluid bile acid mixture comes to intestinal tract to aid fat absorption by the liver of produced cholesterol
Pharmacology – avoids produced cholesterol of bile acids to carry through the intestines and body existence by the liver of entering the bloodstream during defections
Indications – high cholesterols
Side Effects – constipation, flatulence
Interactions – too many drug interactions occur to be interfered with the absorption of many other drugs

Question 10

Generic – Diclofenac

Answer 10

> Brand – Voltaren®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever,
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)

Question 11

Generic – Doxycycline

Answer 11

> Brand – Vibramycin®

> Indications – bacterial infections

Question 12

Generic – Drospirenone//Ethinyl Estradiol

24 active and 4 inactive tablets

Answer 12

> Brand – Yaz®
Class – hormone contraceptives
Background – hormones normally rise and fall in a pattern or “cycle” promoting egg ovulation and implantation for pregnancy to occur
Pharmacology – preventing egg ovulation and/or implantation
Indications – pregnancy prevention
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, emotional changes, blood clots
Interactions – increases blood clot formation from smoking cigarettes, and reduces hormone contraceptive effects from antibiotics
(Category X)
(Do not use during pregnancy)

Question 13

Generic – Estradiol

vaginal tablets

Answer 13

> Brand – Vagifem®

> Indications – menopause symptoms

Question 14

Generic – Ezetimibe

Answer 14

> Brand – Zetia®

> Indications – high cholesterol

Question 15

Generic – Febuxostat

Answer 15

> Brand – Uloric®
Class – anti-gout agents
Background – gout is severe inflammation of at least one joint(s) caused by high uric acid in the blood from consuming certain foods, beverages and certain drugs killing cells inside the body to cause severe joint pain and inflammation (i.g. gout) of crystalizing (i.g turning to solid) the uric acid, and depositing it in joint spaces
Pharmacology – blocks uric acid formulations (allopurinol and febuxostat) or prevents the immune system from attacking uric acid crystals (colchicine)
Indications – gout
Side Effects – diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps/pain, impaired white blood cell formation/development (colchicine)
Interactions – many drugs can increase uric acid levels (e.g. aspirin and thiazide diuretics), which can also work against it of lowering treatments

Question 16

Generic – Fenofibrate

Answer 16

> Brand – Tricor®

> Indications – high cholesterol

Question 17

Generic – Hydroxyzine

Answer 17

> Brand – Vistaril®

> Indications – allergies, anxiety

Question 18

Generic – Imipramine

Answer 18

> Brand – Trofranil®
Class – tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Background – both serotonin and norepinephrine are associated to mood and energy levels
Pharmacology – blocks serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – tachycardia, heart palpitations, hypertension, dry mouth, weight gain, reduce sex drive, serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases serotonin syndrome with other increased serotonin activity drugs (e.g. SSRIs, SNRIs)

Question 19

Generic – Insulin Degludec

Answer 19

> Brand – Tresiba®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood by ultra long acting with 1 hour onset and 24 to 40 hour duration action process
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(Rx Only)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)

Question 20

Generic – Ketoralac

Answer 20

> Brand – Toradol®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)

Question 21

Generic – Ketotifen

eye drops

Answer 21

> Brand – Zatitor@
Class – antihistamines
Indications - allergies
(OTC)

Question 22

Generic – Lacosamide

Answer 22

> Brand – Vimpat®
Class – antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Background – abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures
Pharmacology – suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism)
Indications – seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders
Side Effects – drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare)
Interactions – severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)
(C-V)

Question 23

Generic – Levalbuterol

inhaler

Answer 23

> Brand – Xopenex® HFA
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Short acting)
(Inhalation only)

Question 24

Generic – Levalbuterol

nebulizer solution

Answer 24

> Brand – Xopenex®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Short acting)
(Inhalation only)

Question 25

Generic -- Lidocaine

Answer 25

> Brand -- Xylocaine® > Class -- antiarrhythmics > Background -- irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias > Pharmacology -- slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves > Indications -- cardiac arrhythmias > Side Effects -- new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias > Interactions -- occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias

Question 26

Generic -- Lidocaine | patch

Answer 26

> Brand -- Xilocaine® | > Indications -- arrhythmias, pain

Question 27

Generic -- Liraglutide

Answer 27

> Brand -- Victoza® > Class -- GLP-1 agonists > Background -- incretins are natural body producing hormones that signal pancreas to increase insulin release > Pharmacology -- mimic incretins signal the pancreas to increase insulin release > Indications -- type II diabetes > Side Effects -- nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, constipation > Interactions -- increased hypoglycemia risks with other diabetic drugs (Refrigerate, Do not Freeze)

Question 28

Generic -- Lisdexamfetamine

Answer 28

> Brand -- Vyvance® > Class -- stimulants > Background -- poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom > Pharmacology -- stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus > Indications -- ADHD, narcolepsy > Side Effects -- insomnia, hypertension, dependency > Interactions -- increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss) (C-II)

Question 29

Generic -- Methotrexate

Answer 29

> Brand -- Trexall® | > Indications -- inflammation

Question 30

Generic -- Olanzapine

Answer 30

> Brand -- Zyprexa® | > indications -- psychiatric disorders

Question 31

Generic -- Ondansetron

Answer 31

> Brand - Zofran® > Class -- antiemetics > Background -- neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, and dopamine are associate to motion sickness, cancer chemotherapy, food poisoning, viral infections, etc, within nausea and vomiting > Pharmacology -- many antiemetic drugs have different action mechanisms the block one or more neurotransmitters actions > Indications -- nausea and vomiting, motion sickness > Side Effects -- drowsiness, constipation > Interactions -- increased drowsiness with opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, and/or other drugs Rx Only (Medical Prescription Only)

Question 32

Generic -- Oxcarbazepine

Answer 32

> Brand -- Trileptal® > Class -- antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) > Background -- abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures > Pharmacology -- suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism) > Indications -- seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders > Side Effects -- drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare) > Interactions -- severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)

Question 33

Generic -- Rivaroxaban

Answer 33

> Brand -- Xarelto® > Class -- anticoagulants > Background -- one of two major blood clot components are fibrin that forms a reaction from blood and chemicals by damaged blood vessel > Pharmacology -- blocks and interferes the chemical reactions that lead to fibrin forming > Indications -- blood clots > Side Effects -- excessive bleeding, easy bruising > Interactions -- vitamin k can effect the warfarin medication, and increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when using NSAIDS and aspirin

Question 34

Generic -- Scopolamine | patch

Answer 34

> Brand -- Transderm-Scop® > Class -- antiemetics > Background -- neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, and dopamine are associate to motion sickness, cancer chemotherapy, food poisoning, viral infections, etc, within nausea and vomiting > Pharmacology -- many antiemetic drugs have different action mechanisms the block one or more neurotransmitters actions > Indications -- nausea and vomiting, motion sickness > Side Effects -- drowsiness, constipation > Interactions -- increased drowsiness with opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, and/or other drugs Rx Only (Medical Prescription Only)

Question 35

Generic -- Sertraline

Answer 35

> Brand -- Zoloft® > Class -- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) > Background -- neurotransmitters of depression, behavior, eating, and nausea/vomiting are called serotonins, and must be in a synaptic cleft long enough to exert effect, and is removed afterwards > Pharmacology -- allows serotonin to remain in the synaptic cleft > Indications -- depression, behavior and eating disorders > Side Effects -- agitation, confusion, hallucinations, body weight, nausea, pressured speech, tremor, rigidity, diarrhea, fever, sweating, flushing, seizures, and serotonin syndrome > Interactions -- increases bleeding from NSAIDS, anticoagulants, and/or antiplatelets, and also serotonin syndrome from drugs (e.g. SNRI, TCAs) [Chemical name: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]

Question 36

Generic -- Solifenacin

Answer 36

> Brand -- Vesicare® | > Indications -- overactive bladder

Question 37

Generic -- Tizanidine

Answer 37

> Brand -- Zanaflex® > Class -- muscle relaxant > Background -- nervous system mediates muscle contraction > Pharmacology -- nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation > Indications -- muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain > Side Effects -- drowsiness > Interactions -- increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity

Question 38

Generic -- Tramadol

Answer 38

> Brand -- Ultram® > Class -- Opioids > Background -- opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation > Pharmacology -- provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation > Indications -- pain, cough, expectorant > Side effects -- sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency > Interactions -- increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol) (C-IV) (May cause drowsiness)

Question 39

Generic -- Vancomycin

Answer 39

> Brand -- Vancocin® > Class -- antibiotics > Background -- bacteria and humans are living cells, but there are several structural and physiological differences between them > Pharmacology -- there are different antibiotic classes where each one exploits a difference between bacterial and human cells. > Indications -- bacterial infections > Side effects -- diarrhea > Interactions -- increases warfarin of increased bleeding, and decreases oral contraceptives effects, and impair antibiotic absorption from electrolytes within antacids and multivitamins (Finish all medication unless directed otherwise)

Question 40

Generic -- Zonisamide

Answer 40

> Brand -- Zonegran® > Class -- antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) > Background -- abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures > Pharmacology -- suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism) > Indications -- seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders > Side Effects -- drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare) > Interactions -- severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)