Drug of Choice: Infectious Disease Flashcards by Carla Asis

Children ≥1 month old with suspected pneumococcal meningitis

Vancomycin (60 mg/kg/24 hr divided every 6-8 hr IV) + high-dose Ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg/24 hr divided every 12 hr IV)

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Non-severe PCAP, regardless of immunization status against
Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-clavulanate or Cefuroxime in settings with documented high-level penicillin-resistant pneumococci or betalactamase-producing H. influenzae

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Severe PCAP, regardless of immunization status against
Streptococcus pneumoniae, complete Hib vaccination

Penicillin G at 200,000 units/kg/day Q6

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Severe PCAP, regardless of immunization status against
Streptococcus pneumoniae, no or incomplete or
unknown Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination

Ampicillin at 200mg/kg/day Q6

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Severe PCAP, regardless of immunization status against
Streptococcus pneumoniae, settings with documented high-level penicillin-resistant pneumococci or beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae

Cefuroxime or Ampicillin-sulbactam

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Severe PCAP, Staphylococcal pneumonia highly
suspected

Vancomycin at 40-60
mg/kg/day Q6 to Q8

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PCAP, atypical pathogen highly suspected

Azithromycin or Clarithromycin

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Antibiotic for malnourished children; no specific infection identified, no complications

Amoxicillin, 25 mg/kg PO twice daily for 5 days

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Antibiotic for malnourished children; no specific infection identified, with complications (shock, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, etc)

Gentamicin + Ampicillin

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Mucormycosis

Liposomal amphotericin B

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Influenza A and B infections

Oseltamivir

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Antibiotic for Traveler’s Diarrhea in children

Azithromycin (10 mg/kg once daily for up to 3 days, with a maximum daily dose of 500 mg)

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Pediatric infections caused by group A and group B streptococci

Penicillins

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Syphilis

Penicillins

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Listeria monocytogenes infection

Penicillins

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Neisseria meningitidis infection

Penicillins

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Toxoplasmosis

Sulfadiazine

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Life-threatening S. aureus infections

Vancomycin + nafcillin/oxacillin or cefazolin

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Non–life-threatening S. aureus infection; high prevalence of MRSA (>20% of all S. aureus infections in the community)

Vancomycin

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Non–life-threatening S. aureus infection; low likelihood of MRSA

Cefazolin or nafcillin/oxacillin

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Non–life-threatening S. aureus infection, high prevalence of MRSA, low prevalence of Clindamycin resistance

Clindamycin

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MSSA infection

Cefazolin or oxacillin/nafcillin

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MRSA infection

Vancomycin

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Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci infection

Vancomycin

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Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection

Penicillin or amoxicillin

GAS infection: Few superficial, isolated lesions and no systemic signs

Mupirocin

Secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever; low-risk

Single IM injection of benzathine penicillin G (600,000 IU for children weighing ≤60 lb and 1.2 million IU for those >60 lb) every 4 weeks

Secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever; high-risk

Single IM injection of benzathine penicillin G (600,000 IU for children weighing ≤60 lb and 1.2 million IU for those >60 lb) every 3 weeks

Confirmed Group B Streptococcal infection

Penicillin G

Actinomycosis, parenteral therapy

Penicillin G is the drug of choice for parenteral therapy

Actinomycosis, enteral therapy

Penicillin V or amoxicillin

Haemophilus influenzae infection, parenteral

Ampicillin

Haemophilus influenzae infection, enteral

Amoxicillin

Pertussis

Azithromycin

Drug of choice recommended by the WHO for all patients with bloody diarrhea, regardless of age

Ciprofloxacin (20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided into two doses)

EIEC infections

TMP-SMX

Campylobacter infections

Azithromycin

Stenotrophomonas infection

TMP-SMX (20 mg/kg/day TMP component every 6-8 hours)

Tularemia

Gentamicin

Bartonellosis

Chloramphenicol (50-75 mg/kg/day)

Bacillary angiomatosis

Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

Tetanus

Oral (or intravenous) metronidazole (30 mg/kg per day, given at 6-hour intervals; maximum dose, 4 g/day)

Nonvenereal treponemal infections

Penicillin

Suspected Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Doxycycline (4 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours PO or IV; maximum: 200 mg/day)

Louse-borne and tick-borne relapsing fever

Oral or parenteral tetracycline or doxycycline

Congenital cutaneous candidiasis in full term infants

Topical antifungal therapy

Immunocompetent patient with asymptomatic or mild cryptococcosis limited to the lungs

Oral fluconazole (pediatric dose 6-12 mg/kg/day) for 6-12 months

Cryptococcal disseminated disease and meningitis

Amphotericin B

Blastomycosis

Itraconazole

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Itraconazole (5-10 mg/kg/day with a maximum dose of 200 mg/ day) orally for 6 months

Sporotrichosis, outside the CNS

Itraconazole 5-10 mg/kg/day orally, with an initial maximum dose of 200 mg daily, which may be increased up to 400 mg daily if there is no initial response

Sporotrichosis: Pulmonary, CNS, disseminated infections, and immunocompromised

Amphotericin B

Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis

TMP-SMX, TMP 150 mg/m2 in 1-2 doses daily or on 3 consecutive days/wk

Influenza A and B prophylaxis

Oseltamivir

RSV infection

Ribavirin aerosol

COVID-19 pneumonia or MIS-C

Remdesivir

Adenovirus infection

Cidofovir

Congenital CMV

Valganciclovir

CMV Retinitis in AIDS patients

Valganciclovir

CMV Pneumonitis, colitis; esophagitis in immunocompromised patients

Ganciclovir

CMV prophylaxis for HSCT or SOT

Acyclovir (high-dose; oral)

Most HSV infections

Acyclovir

Chickenpox, immunocompromised child

Acyclovir (IV)

Zoster (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve), healthy child

Acyclovir (IV)

Zoster, immunocompromised child

Acyclovir (IV)

HSV keratitis

Trifluridine

Amebiasis (E. histolytica), asymptomatic

Iodoquinol 30-40 mg/kg/day (max 1950 mg) in 3 doses PO × 20 days; or Paromomycin 25-35 mg/kg/day PO in 3 doses × 5-10 days

Amebiasis (E. histolytica), mild to moderate intestinal disease

Metronidazole 35-50 mg/kg/day PO in 3 doses × 7-10 days or Tinidazole 50 mg/kg/day PO (max 2 g) in 1 dose × 3 days; either followed by Iodoquinol 30-40 mg/kg/day PO in 3 doses × 20 days (max 2 g) or Paromomycin 25-35 mg/kg/day PO in 3 doses × 5-10 days

Amebiasis (E. histolytica), severe intestinal and extraintestinal disease

Metronidazole 35-50 mg/kg/day PO in 3 doses × 7-10 days or Tinidazole 50 mg/kg/day PO (max 2 g) × 5 days; either followed by Iodoquinol 30-40 mg/kg/day PO in 3 doses × 20 days (max 2 g) or Paromomycin 25-35 mg/kg/day PO in 3 doses × 7 days

Ascariasis

Albendazole, Mebendazole, or Ivermectin

Capillariasis

Mebendazole 200 mg PO bid × 20 days

E. vermicularis infection (pinworm infection)

Albendazole (<10 kg/2 yr: 200 mg PO once; repeat in 2 wk), Mebendazole, or Pyrantel pamoate

Lymphatic filariasis

Diethylcarbamazine

Malaria: Uncomplicated infection due to P. falciparum or species not identified acquired in areas of chloroquine resistance or unknown resistance

Atovaquone/proguanil or Coartem or Quinine sulfate plus doxycycline/tetracycline/clindamycin

Malaria: Uncomplicated infection due to P. falciparum or species not identified acquired in areas of chloroquine sensitivity or uncomplicated P. malariae or P. knowlesi

Chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychlorquine or Coartem

Malaria: Uncomplicated infection with P. vivax acquired in areas of chloroquine resistance

Atovaquone/proguanil plus primaquine OR Quinine sulfate plus doxycycline/tetracycline/clindamycin plus primaquine OR Coartem or Mefloquine plus primaquine

Malaria: Uncomplicated infection with P. ovale and P. vivax acquired in areas without chloroquine resistance

Chloroquine phosphate plus primaquine OR Hydroxychloroquine plus primaquine OR Tafenoquine

Severe malaria due to all Plasmodium spp

Artesunate followed by Coartem

Malaria: Prevention of relapses: P. vivax and P. ovale only

Primaquine phosphate or Tafenoquine

Malaria prophylaxis, Chloroquine-sensitive areas

Chloroquine phosphate 5 mg/kg base once/wk, up to adult dose of 300 mg base beginning 1-2 wk before travel to malarious area and 4 wk after leaving OR Hydroxychloroquine 5 mg/kg base once/wk, up to adult dose of 310 mg base beginning 1-2 wk before travel to malarious area and 4 wk after leaving

Malaria prophylaxis, Chloroquine-resistant areas

Atovaquone/ proguanil or Mefloquine or Doxycycline or Tafenoquine

P. jirovecii pneumonia, moderate to severe disease

TMP-SMX,15-20 mg/kg/day TMP component IV in 3-4 divided doses × 21 days (change to PO after clinical improvement)

P. jirovecii pneumonia, mild to moderate disease

TMP-SMX, TMP 15-20 mg/kg/day PO in 3 or 4 doses × 21 days

Scabies

5% Permethrin, topically 2×, 1 wk apart, approved for ≥ 2 mo

Schistosomiasis

Praziquantel

Strongyloidiasis

Ivermectin

Adult tapeworm infestation

Praziquantel

Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid disease cystic echinococcosis)

Albendazole

Toxoplasmosis

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine

Trichomoniasis

Metronidazole or Tinidazole

Uncomplicated acute otitis media

Amoxicillin

Parenteral treatment of osteomyelitis caused by MSSA

Cefazolin (100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q6hr IV) or nafcillin (100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q6hr)

Parenteral treatment of osteomyelitis caused by MRSA, susceptible to Clindamycin

Clindamycin

Parenteral treatment of osteomyelitis caused by MRSA, resistant to Clindamycin

Vancomycin

Bite wound prophylaxis and treatment, oral

Amoxicillin-clavulanate, 45 mg/kg per dose (amoxicillin component) twice daily

Bite wound prophylaxis and treatment, oral

Ampicillin-sulbactam or piperacillin-tazobactam

Prophylaxis and treatment of rat bite injuries

Penicillin G

Penicillin-allergic patients who have sustained rat bite injuries

Tetracycline

Drug of Choice: Infectious Disease Flashcards

(98 cards)