Drug Resistance

Question 1

Definition of Antibiotics

Answer 1

Medicines that kill or inhibit growth of bacterial to treat bacterial infections

Question 2

True or false: Antibiotics cannot treat viral infections

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the two ranges of bacteria that an antibiotic affects

Answer 3

Narrow spectrum antibiotics
Broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 4

What do narrow spectrum antibiotics act on ?

Answer 4

Limited group of bacteria, either gram positive or gram negative

Question 5

What do broad spectrum antibiotics act on

Answer 5

Both gram positive and gram negative

Question 6

Define bacteriostatic

Answer 6

antibiotics that inhibit growth and reproduction of bacteria without killing them. allowing the immune system to eliminate them

Question 7

Define Bactericidal

Answer 7

Kills bacteria directly.

Question 8

How does bactericidal work

Answer 8

Disrupting DNA replication leading to bacterial cell death

Question 9

What is gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

Answer 9

How bacteria is classified due to their cell wall structure and how they react to the gram stain test

Question 10

What’s the role of Sulphonamides

Answer 10

To block biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate in bacteria which is needed for DNA synthesis in bacteria and human cells

Question 11

What enzyme inhibitor is Sulphonamides

Answer 11

Reversible competitive

Question 12

Are sulphonamides bacteriostatic or bactericidal

Answer 12

Bacteriostatic

Question 13

True or false: Sulphonamides act as inhibitors by mimicking PABA

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Define drug resistance

Answer 14

the ability of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, to withstand the effects of
medications that were previously effective in treating them

Question 15

What are the causes of antibiotic resistance ?

Answer 15

Natural selection
Overuse/misuse of antibiotics

Question 16

What are the implications of antibiotic resistance

Answer 16

Increased morbidity and mortality
Healthcare burden

Question 17

How can antibiotic resistance be prevented and controlled

Answer 17

Research and development
Infection control measures
Antimicrobial stewardship

Question 18

define Antimicrobial stewardship

Answer 18

The effort to optimize the use of antimicrobial medications

Question 19

What does ACE generate

Answer 19

angiotensin 2

Question 20

What is a angiotensin 2 hormone

Answer 20

vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure

Question 21

What happens if a drug inhibits angiotensin

Answer 21

lower blood pressure by causing anti hypertensives

Question 22

What are the side affects of catopril-1 and what does it contain

Answer 22

loss of taste and rashes contains thiol

Question 23

What replaced the SH group in catopril-1

Answer 23

carboxylate

Question 24

What does PNS stand for

Answer 24

peripheral nervous system

Question 25

What does CNS stand for

Answer 25

Central nervous system

Question 26

Role of sensory nerve

Answer 26

take message from body to CNS

Question 27

Role of motor nerve

Answer 27

carry message from CNS to rest of the body

Question 28

What is a neuron

Answer 28

nerve cell

Question 29

What's a synapse

Answer 29

gap between neurons

Question 30

what is acetlycholine

Answer 30

An organic chemical that functions in the brain

Question 31

True or false :Acetlycholine is a neurontransmitter

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is acetlycholine derived from

Answer 32

ester acetic acid and choline

Question 33

How is acetlycholine broken up

Answer 33

1-biosytnhesis of acetylcholine 2-membrane bound vesicles open calcium ion channel relasing the transmitter 3-cross the synaptic gap and binds to cholinergic receptor 4- hydrolysis of acetlycholine to choline and acetic acid by acetylcholinesterase 5-choline is taken up into presynaptic neuron by a transport protein to continue cycle

Question 34

What is a nerve agent

Answer 34

Highly toxic chemical that disrupts nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholinerase

Question 35

What inhibits ACE

Answer 35

Sarin

Question 36

How is ACE inhibited

Answer 36

irreversibly phosphorylating serine residue at active site leading to acetlycholine build up causing over stimulation of the nervous system

Question 37

What are organophosphates

Answer 37

esters amides or tiol derivatives of phosphoric acids

Question 38

How are organophosphates degraded

Answer 38

into phosphoric acid ,alcohols and thiols an takes days to weeks

Question 39

What are the uses of organophosphates

Answer 39

to protect crops

Question 40

InSECTICIDES IN INSECTS ARE

Answer 40

ACT AS PRO DRUGS

Question 41

hOW ARE INSECTICIDES METABOLISED

Answer 41

oxidative desulphurisation

Question 42

True or false: Insecticides are lethal

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What do compounds contain that are proven lethal

Answer 43

P=O