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Drug Side Effects Flashcards

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1
Q

Which 4 drugs can cause coronary vasospasm?

A

Amphetamines (alpha constriction)

Cocaine (alpha constriction)

Sumatriptan

Ergot alkaloids (like bromocriptine)

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2
Q

Which 6 drugs cause cutaneous flushing?

A

Vancomycin

Adenosine

Niacin

Nitrates

Ca channel blockers

Echinocandins

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3
Q

Which drugs can cause torsades?

A

ABCDE

A- anti Arrhythmia (Ia and III)

B - anti Biotics (macrolides)

C - anti Cychotics (haloperidol)

D - anti Depressants (TCAs)

E - anti Emetics (odansetron)

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4
Q

Lithium

A

DI (nephrogenic)

Hypothyroidism

Tremor

Ebstein anomaly in fetus

most reabsorbed in proximal tubule

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5
Q

Demeclocycline

A

DI (nephrogenic)

Photosensitivity and bone/teeth abnormalities (because part of tetracycline family)

it is an ADH antagonist for SIADH

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6
Q

Amiodarone

A

Hypothyroidism (iodine content)

Pulmonary fibrosis

Photosensitivity

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7
Q

Which 5 drugs cause hyperglycemia?

A

Tacrolimus

Protease inhibitors

Niacin

Hydrochlorothiazide

Corticosteroids

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8
Q

Carbamazepine

A

SIADH

Agranulocytosis

Aplastic anemia

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9
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

SIADH

Hemorrhagic cystitis (give w/ mesna)

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10
Q

SSRIs

A

Sexual dysfunction (dec orgasms and libido)

Burproprion may alleviate sex dysfunction

SIADH

Diarrhea

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11
Q

Which drugs can cause hepatic necrosis? (4)

A

Halothane

Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)

Valproic acid

acetaminophen

“HAVAc”

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12
Q

When to check LFTs (7)

A

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide

Statins, fibrates

Bosentan (pulm HTN drug)

Zileuton (anti-leukotriene)

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13
Q

Which drugs can cause pancreatitis? (6)

A

Didanosine

Corticosteroids

Alcohol

Valproic Acid

AZA

Diuretics

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14
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Aplastic anemia

Gray baby syndrome (cannot metabolize in liver)

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15
Q

Methimazole and Propylthiouracil

A

Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia

Methimazole is also teratogen so use PTU in first trimester

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16
Q

Hemolysis in G6PD Deficiency (7)

A

OXIDANTS

Isoniazid 
Sulfonamides
Dapsone
Primaquine
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Nitrofurantoin
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17
Q

Which drugs can cause megaloblastic anemia? (4)

A

Hydroxyurea

Phenytoin

Methotrexate

Sulfa drugs

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18
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Agranulocytosis

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19
Q

Clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis

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20
Q

Fluroquinolones

A

Tendonitis and tendon rupture

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21
Q

Protease Inhibitors

A

Hyperglycemia and fat redistribution

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22
Q

Which drugs cause gingival hyperplasia? (3)

A

Phenytoin

Ca channel blockers

Cyclosporine

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23
Q

Which drugs cause hyperuricemia? (4)

A

Furosemide and thiazides

Niacin

Cyclosporine

Pyrazinamide

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24
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Photo-sensitive

Discolored teeth

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25
Which drugs cause SLE-like syndrome? (6)
Sulfa drugs Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide Phenytoin Etanercept
26
Myopathy (9)
Statins, fibrates and niacin Daptomycin Colchicine Hydroxychloroquinolone Interferon alpha Penicillamine GCs
27
Tardive Dyskinesia
Antipsychotics (high potency - trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol - "try to fly high") Metoclopramide (used for gastroparesis in DM) Selegiline (MAO-B inhibitor if too much)
28
Seizures (5)
Isoniazid Buproprion (if bullimia or anorexia) Imipenem/cilastatin Tramadol Enflurane (inhaled anesthetic)
29
Tenofovir
Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubule problem)
30
Ifosfamide
CHEMO Fanconi Hemorrhagic cystitis (give w/ mesna whose thiol group binds toxic metabolites)
31
Pulmonary Fibrosis (6)
Methotrexate Bleomycin & busulfan Amiodarone Nitrofurantoin Carmustine (chemo)
32
Disulfiram-Like Reaction (5)
First generation sulfonylureas Procarbazine some Cephalosporins Griseofulvin Metro
33
Nephro and Ototoxicity (5)
Aminoglycosides Vancomycin Loop diuretics Cisplatin Amphotercin B
34
Which drugs are "sulfa drugs"?
Sulfonamide antibiotics Sulfasalazine Probenacid (uric acid reducer) Furosemide Acetazolamide Thiazides Sulfonylureas Celecoxib
35
Fibrates
Myopathy Cholesterol gallstones
36
Digoxin
Cholinergic - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, arrhythmia, AV block Blurry yellow vision Hyperkalemia (no Na- K pump moving K+ in) Clearance is dec if taken w/ verapamil, amiodarone or quinidine Do not take w/ metoclopramide in DM
37
Beta Blockers
Impotence Exacerbate COPD or asthma Bradycardia / AV block CNS - sedation or sleep alterations DO NOT GIVE ALONE IN PHEO OR COCAINE BECAUSE UNOPPOSED ALPHA
38
Amiodarone
Hepatotoxic Pulmonary fibrosis Hypo or hyperthyroid (40% iodine by wt) Corneal deposits or gray skin deposits in sun PFTs / LFTs / TFTs
39
Metformin
Lactic acidosis
40
Glitazones / TZDs
Wt gain and edema Inc risk fractures
41
Cimetidine
Anti-androgen effects - prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence and dec libido Crosses BBB (confusion, headaches, dizziness) and placenta
42
PPIs
Inc risk C diff and pneumonia Deplete Mg in long term
43
Serotonin Syndrome
Ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist) Triptans (5-HT 1B/1D agonists) Tramadol (weak opioid agonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor) MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs Atypical anti-dep like Vilazodone and Vortioxetine Linezolid MDMA Dextromethorphan (NMDA antagonist for cough suppression) **3 A's - agitated, hyper Activity, autonomic stim**
44
Cytarabine
panCYTopenia Myelosuppression w/ megaloblastic anemia
45
5-FU
Hand-foot syndrome Palmar and planter erythrodysesthesia (skin reaction)
46
Nitrosureas
CHEMO CNS (nitro for neuro - convulsions, ataxia, dizziness)
47
Etoposide / Teniposide
Alopecia
48
Rituximab
Inc risk progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
49
Bisphosphonates
Esophagitis (water and upright 30 min) Osteonecrosis of jaw Atypical stress fractures
50
Allopurinol
Inc conc of AZA and 6-MP b/c they are purine analogs normally metabolized by xanthine oxidase
51
Phenytoin
Nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, peripheral neuropathy Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, DRESS syndrome SJS Megaloblastic anemia, teratogen *folate* P450 induction
52
Vigabatrin
BLACK BOX VISION LOSS
53
Levodopa / Carbidopa
Arrhythmia from peripheral conversion to catecholamines On-off phenomenon (dyskinesia at dose and akinesia between doses)
54
Benzocaine
Methemoglobinemia
55
Depolarizing Nerve Block (succinylcholine)
Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Malignant hyperthermia
56
Bimatoprost / Latanoprost
Prostaglandins for eye Darken iris and eyelash growth
57
Low Potency Typical Antipsychotics
Anti-cholinergic (dry) Anti-histamine (sedation) Alpha 1 blockade (orthostatic hypotension) Include chlorpromazine, thioridazine
58
Typical Anti-psych in General
Extra-pyramidal symptoms Inc prolactin - gynecomastia, galactorrhea, oligomenorrhea Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, wt gain QT prolongation ``` Chloro = corneal deposits Thio = reTinal deposits ``` Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - fever, encephalopathy, unstable vitals, inc enzymes, rigid, myolobinuria
59
Atypical Antipsychotics in General
Prolonged QT but fewer extra-pyramidal and fewer anticholinergic effects than typicals "pines" = metabolic syndrome Risperidone = hyper prolactin
60
TCAs
Sedation Alpha block - postural hypotension Anti-cholinergics - dry, tachy, urinary retention (amitriptyline tertiary >> secondary) QT prolongation Tri - C's - coma, convulsions, cardiotoxic, confusion in elderly b/c anticholinergic
61
MAOIs
Hypertensive crises w/ ingestion tyramine (aged cheese and wine) Tyramine displaces NE into cleft - inc symp stim WAIT 2 WKS AFTER STOPPING TO START NEW SEROTONIN DRUG OR CHANGE DIET
62
Mirtazapine
Sedation Inc appetite and wt gain Dry mouth
63
Trazadone
Sedation (ZZZs) Priapism in males (trazaBONE) Postural hypotension
64
ACE Inhibitors
Brady cough Angioedema (also due to inc bradykinin) Inc creatinine Hyperkalemia Hypotension USE WITH CAUTION IN RENAL STENOSIS
65
Interstitial Nephritis (5)
Sulfa drugs PCNs Furosemide NSAIDs PPIs
66
Copper IUD
Longer / heavier menses PID on insertion
67
Danazol
Synthetic androgen / partial agonist Hirsutism, wt gain, edema, acne, masculinization Dec HDL Hepatotoxic Pseudotumor cerebri
68
PDE5 Inhibitors
Headache, flushing, blue-tinted vision (cyanopia), indigestion DO NOT USE WITH NITRATE (life threatening hypotension)
69
First Generation Anti-Histamines
Also sedating, anti-muscarinic and anti-alpha-adrenergic SECOND GENERATION FAR LESS SEDATING (end in -adine)
70
First Generation Anti-Histamines
Also sedating, anti-muscarinic and anti-alpha-adrenergic SECOND GENERATION FAR LESS SEDATING (end in -adine)
71
Pseudoephedrine and Phenylephrine
HTN Rebound congestion if used more than 4-6 days (body stops making endogenous NE) CNS stim / anxiety
72
Epoprostenol and Iloprost
PGI2 prostacyclin analogs Flushing and jaw pain

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