Basic Pathology Principles

Question 1

Steps of Extravasation

Answer 1

1- Margination and Rolling

• E selectin, P selectin and Glycam1 on vessels
• Sialyl Lewis bodies and L selectin on leuks

2- Tight binding / adhesion

• ICAM and VCAM on vessels
• integrins on leuks

3 - Diapedesis (travel b/n endo cells)
-PECAM1

4- Migration

Question 2

PDGF

Answer 2

platelet derived growth factor

• vascular remodeling and fibroblast growth collagen synthesis
• released from fibroblasts and platelets

Question 3

FGF

Answer 3

Fibroblast Growth Factor

angiogenesis

Question 4

EGF

Answer 4

endodermal growth factor

cell growth via TK (EGFR and Erb)

Question 5

TGF- beta

Answer 5

angiogenesis and fibrosis

Question 6

MMPs

Answer 6

tissue remodeling

Question 7

VEGF

Answer 7

angiogenesis

Question 8

What diseases cause granulomas?

Answer 8

Tb, leprosy, bartonella henslae, listeria, tertiary syphilis

endemic mycosis - histo

Schistosomiasis

Chronic granulomatous disease

Auto- inflamm - sarcoidosis, Chrons, PBC, subacute thyroiditis, Wegeners, Churg-Straus, temporal arteritis, Takayasu arteritis

Foreign material - talcosis, beryllioisis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 9

What inc ESR? (6)

Answer 9

Anemias

Infections

Inflammation

Cancer (mets, multiple myeloma)

Renal Disease

Pregnancy

Question 10

What dec ESR? (5)

Answer 10

Sickle cell anemia (altered shape)

Polycythemia (inc RBCs dilute aggregation factors)

HF

Microcytosis

Hypo-fibrinogen

Question 11

What cancers typically produce psammoma bodies?

Answer 11

PSMM

P - papillary carcinoma of thyroid

S - serous cystadenoma of ovary

M - meningioma

M - malignant mesothelioma

Question 12

Which carcinomas spread by heme? (against norm)

Answer 12

Renal cell carcinoma

Choriocarcinoma

HCC

Follicular thryoid carcinoma