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drug test Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

what percentage of evidence do drugs make up in crime labs

A

more than 75%

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2
Q

5 factors of drug dependence

A

Nature of drug
Root of administration
Dosage
Frequency of administration
Metabolism of the individual

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3
Q

Non-drug factors also determine behavioral patterns (4)

A

Personal characteristics of the user
Expectations about drug experience
Society’s attitude about drug
Setting in which the drug is used
`

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4
Q

2 main types of drug dependence

A

psychological
physical

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5
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

caused by underlying emotional needs

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6
Q

are drug users typically more normal or marginalized, socially and economically?

A

normal

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7
Q

what two factors entice people to do drugs

A

personal
social

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8
Q

examples of high intensity dependent drugs

A

alcohol
heroin
cocaine

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9
Q

Physical Dependence

A

physiological need for a drug

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10
Q

example of low intensity dependent drugs

A

marijuana

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11
Q

examples of physical dependence

A

addiction
withdrawal

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12
Q

when does physical dependence develop

A

only when users adhere to reg schedule
Interval between doses must be short enough to not wear off
Ex: Heroin→ 6-8 hours

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13
Q

pharmacological narcotics purpose

A

relieves pain and reduces sleep

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14
Q

federal narcotics are

A

any drug that is socially unacceptable

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15
Q

most common opiate

A

heroine

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16
Q

examples of synthetic opiates

A

oxycontin, methadone, codeine, fentanyl

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17
Q

examples of hallucinogens

A

Marijuana, LSD, PCP

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18
Q

how many Americans have tried marijuana? how many use regualrly

A

More than 43 million Americans have tried it
Half use on a regular basis

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19
Q

what is marijuana derived from

A

cannabis plant

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20
Q

who produced LSD

A

accidentally by Albert Hofmann

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21
Q

LSD symptoms

A

vivid hallucinations last 12 hours
anxiety, tension, laughing, crying

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22
Q

PCP is also known as

A

angel dust

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23
Q

symptoms of PCP

A

severe depression or violent tendencies

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24
Q

Barbiturates also known as

A

downers

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25
barbiturates side effects
Relaxation, sense of well-being, drowsiness
26
anti anxiety examples
Ex: Xanax and Valium
27
what side effects to rohypnol and ketamine produce
Muscle relaxation, loss of consciousness and memory
28
when did they make anabolic steroids illegal
1991
29
male effects of anabolic steroid usage
infertility, decreased sex drive, increased anger and violence
30
female effects of anabolic steroid usage
growth of body hair
31
Marijuana Routes of administration
roots, oil, inhalation, oral, smoked, etc
32
social dose of marijuana
low-level, typical use Initial: increased restlessness and hilarity Follow-Up: carefree state, increase hunger
33
Moderate/High Dose of marijuana effects
intensified social effects
34
very high dose of marijuana effects
intense hallucinations
35
potential medical use of marijuana
use for cancer treatment, alleviates eye pressure in glaucoma
36
most widely abused drug in the US
alcohol
37
classification of alcohol
ethyl alcohol
38
how many gallons of alcohol are produced annually in the US? how much revenue does this make?
1 billion gallons 90 million people pay $40 billion
39
process of marijuana entering the body
Enters the bloodstream and quickly travels to the brain Suppresses thought and coordination
40
behavioral pattern of alcohol depends on 3 factors
Social setting Amount consumed Personal expectation
41
low dose effects of alcohol
Inhibition of mental processes Expansive personality
42
moderate dose effects of alcohol
Inhibition of coordination, speech, reaction time Impaired ability to walk or drive
43
high dose effects of alcohol
Unconscious, fatal depression of circulatory and respiratory function
44
amphetamines also known as
uppers speed
45
amphetamines effects
Sense of well-being, increased alertness, decrease in fatigue and hunger Restlessness and apprehension
46
smokable form of amphetamine
ice
47
most serious form of amphetamine
IV methamphetamine
48
who first experimented with cocaine
Sigmund Freud
49
cocaine is extracted from
erythroxylon coca plant
50
crack
cocaine mixed with baking soda and water, then heated
51
crack is sold as
rocks
52
how is crack administered
smoked
53
crack effects
Euphoria fades quickly; paranoia
54
regular users of crack/cocaine experience
Restlessness, irritability, anxiety
55
how do cocaine users die
from seizures or respiratory arrest
56
Severity of penalty of drug deals is associated with
weight of drug or concentration in mixture
57
drug control Laws are outgrowths of
Federal and local law enforcement Moral and political philosophies
58
Controlled substances act: federal law depends on
Potential for abuse Dependence Medical value Extremely flexible
59
how are drugs classified
schedule I, II, etc. with manufacturing quotas set by attorney general
60
schedule I
very high potential for abuse No accepted medical use Marijuana, heroin
61
schedule II
high potential for abuse Available medically with severe restrictions Opium, amphetamines
62
schedule III
less potential for abuse Accepted for medical treatment All barbiturates, some codeine, suboxone
63
schedule IV
low potential for abuse, may lead to dependency Medically accepted Valium, Xanax
64
schedule V
low potential for abuse Usually non-narcotics Robitussin AC
65
4 steps of drug collection evidence
Package and label Prevent cross contamination Demonstrate chain of custody Identify any field tests done
66
drug analysis divided into two phases
screening test confirmation
67
screening test
nonspecific, reduces number of possibilities to what the drug could be
68
confirmation test
specifically identifies substance
69
Qualitative reasoning
only the identity of the material (confirmation of specific drug)
70
Quantitative reasoning:
percent composition (number value)
71
what test is used for preliminary testing
color
72
Marquis test
turns purple for heroin and morphine
73
Dillie-koppanyi test
violet blue for barbiturates
74
Duquenois-levine test
turns purple for marijuana, but you have to mix with chloroform
75
van-urk test
bluish-purple for LSD
76
Scott test
blue, then pinkish-clear for cocaine
77
Microcrystalline test
more specific than color tests
78
Microcrystalline test process
Place drug on slide Add chemical reagent Chemical reaction = precipitate
79
Chromatography
Separating and tentatively identifying the compounds of a mixture
80
Chromatography theory
chemical substances tend to partially escape into the surrounding environment when dissolved in a liquid
81
thin layer chromatography uses
solid stationary phase and moving liquid phase
82
Thin Layer Chromatography
Rapid and sensitive→ you need less than 100 micrograms of drug Numerous samples analyzed simultaneously Primarily used for complex mixtures NOT considered definitive identification
83
Thin Layer Chromatography process
Prepare glass plate using silica gel→ almost like a thick version of jello/rubber Capillary tube to deposit small drops at edge Place plate into liquid Liquid rises→ capillary action View with UV light or spray Solve for Rf value
84
85
Gas chromatography
Separates mixtures based on their distribution between a stationary liquid phase and a moving gas phase Carrier gas (moving phase) → flows through the column of the machine Stationary phase (liquid phase)
86
Retention Time
time it takes for mixture to leave the column in gas chromatography
87
Spectrophotometry
Identifies substances by exposing it to a specific type of EM radiation
88
Spectrophotometer
produces a graph as a function of wavelength
89
Ultraviolet spectrophotometry
probable identity of drug through elimination
90
Infrared spectrophotometry
gives exact fingerprint of the substance

forensics (10 decks)

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