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MLSCI 466 > Drug Testing in the Workplace > Flashcards

Drug Testing in the Workplace Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

regulated drug testing

A

mandatory drug testing for certain types of workers
- strict rules/guidelines
- list of drugs that can be tested for; all of them need to be included
- only accredited labs can perform testing
- SAMSHA = substance abuse and mental health substance abuse of USA
- HHS = health and human services
- DOT = department of transportation
MRO = medical review officer

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2
Q

non-regulated drugu tetsing

A

not mandatory (employer may say mandatory but not mandatory under any laws or government regulations)
- no rules
- any drugs
- not accredited
- MRO not required

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3
Q

specimens for workplace drug testing

A

urine oral fluid or breath
non -regulated sometimes hair

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4
Q

arguments for drug testing in the workplace

A

job safety
absenteeism
quality/quantity of production
increased health costs
increased liability costs
unlawful activity - don’t want ppl selling drugs at workplace
govt regulations

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5
Q

arguments against screening

A
  • opposition to US enforcement and rules
  • union opposition
  • legal concerns + complications
  • does not measure performance
  • opponents question extent of problem
  • opponents prefer education
  • opponents question accuracy
  • what employees do off worksite not employer’s concern
  • marijuana and cocaine = safe
  • marijuana = legal
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6
Q

industries using screening

A

transportation
petroleum
mining
pulp and paper
other industrial operations with transportation
financial, commercial, security, sports, service, etc….

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7
Q

pharmacokinetic considerations

A

ADME
urine variables
limitations : dose, time, effect

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8
Q

DOT mandatory tests

A

amphetamines
cannabinoids
cocaine metabolite
opioids
phencyclidine (PCP)
ethanol

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9
Q

drugs included in non-regulates testing

A

benzos
barbiturates
methadone
methaqualone
propoxyphene
LSD
other drugs

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10
Q

amphetamines elimination time

A

1-2 d

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11
Q

cannabinoids elimination time

A

1-30

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12
Q

cocaine metabolite elimination time

A

12-48 hrs

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13
Q

opioids elimination time

A

1-3 d

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14
Q

PCP elimination time

A

1-30 d
biphasic like cannabinoids

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15
Q

ethanol elimination time

A

up to 14 hrs

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16
Q

barbiturates eliminiation time

A

1d- 3 wks

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17
Q

benzos elimination time

A

1dd to 6 wks

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18
Q

methadone elimination time

A

1-3 d

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19
Q

methaqualone elim time

A

1-7d

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20
Q

propoxyphene elim time

A

1-3 d

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21
Q

types of testing

Study These Flashcards
A

pre-employment
random
reasonable suspicion/cause
post accident
return to duty
follow-up

22
Q

PCP

Study These Flashcards
A

phencyclidine
- angel dust, peace pills, hogs, elephant tranq, etc.

appearance: crystal, powder, liquid, tablet

class: hallucinogen

dose: ingested, smoked, injected, snorted

23
Q

effect of PCP and its prevalence in Canada

Study These Flashcards
A

unpredictable and variable effect

rapid thought and action

euphoria to depression

hallucinations, irrational, violent behaviou

increased sensory perception

rarely seen in Western Canada; DANGEROUS!

24
Q

Amphetamines

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A

speed, bennies, black beauties, copilot, doxies, crystal meth, etc.

appearance: varied pills, powders, solutions

class: CNS stimulant

dose: ingested, injected, snorted or smoked

25
effects of amphetamines
euphoria, mood elevation, increased alertness and energy increased HR, BP, tremor, anxiety, sweating hyper irritability restlessness, bizarre behaviour, weight loss, paranoia chest pain, psychosis, brain damage, cardiac arrest, etc.
26
"Rush & Crash"
meth
27
opioids
codeine, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, heroin, dust, horse, junk, etc. appearance: white/brown powder, tablets, tonics class: narcotic analgesic, CNS depressant dose: ingested, injected, sniffed or smoked
28
effects of opioids
skin flushing "rush", euphoria "nod", diminished sensory perception, lethargy, confusion resp depression => death physical dependence quick! withdrawal = nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, chills, tremors, weakness IV users = AIDS, hepatitis
29
cananbinoids
dope, grass, weed, smoke, po, hash, Reefer, Mary Jane, etc. appearance: green/brown dried leaf, light to dark, resin/past or oil class: psychoactive; possible appetite stimulant, anti-nausea, epilepsy, neuromuscular dose: smoked or ingested
30
effects of cannabinoids
euphoria, passivity, relaxation, drowsiness, increased auditory/visual perceptions, disinhibition, sensory distortion impaired short-term memory, diminished learning, attention lapses, disorientation, delirium, depersonalization, hyperemesis syndrome bloodshot eyes, increased HR; alc amplifies effects
31
this has possible links to psychiatric disorders, dependence, and carcinogen
cannabinoids
32
T or F. There is no cross rxn with synthetics in conventional cannabinoid assays
T
33
T or F. Synthetic cannabinoids are toxic
T
34
cocain
coke, nose candy, snow, toot, blow, crack appearance: white crystalline powder or transparent crystals class: CNS stimulant, local anesthetic, vasoconstrictor dose: injected, smoked, absorbed via mucus membranes
35
cocaine effects
sweating, rapid shallow breathing, increased HR and BP, elevated temp, euphoria tremors, twitching, chest pain, nausea, seizures. resp depression, cardiac arrhythmias, death weight loss, constipation, septal necrosis, etc.
36
This drug has a strong psychological dependence, can be mixed with other drugs and produce **sudden death**
cocaine
37
ethanol, ethyl alcohol
CNS depressant effect: drowsiness, dizziness, flushing, slurred speech, staggering, dbl vision, stupor,; OD = resp failure withdrawal = headache, stiff muscles, weakness, tremors, hallucinations, rarely death
38
most abused drug and increases effects of other drugs
alcohol
39
T or F. Drug testing is a measure of impairment
F! Drug testing not a measure of impairment but ac=lcohol testing is
40
collection protocol for drug testing
- ID donor - explain procedure - ID specimen - split sample specimen collection - complete chain of custody form - seal specimen - transport to lab
41
elements of chain of custody
- ID specimen - acknowledgement of testing - ID of collector - security of specimen - individual(s) performing test *certifies that the result for that specimen from individual and has not been tampered with*
42
drug testing procedure
specimen log-in chain of custody verification pH, creatinine/SG check prelim testing by IITF (immunoassay) verify ALL pos with GC/MS, LC/MS or GC (ethanol) (alt confirmation methods)
43
GC/MS for drug testing
confirmation test extraction of drug clean up/ concentration / derivatization chromatography detection
44
alternate confirmation methods besides GC/MS
LC/MS LC/MS/MS LC/TOF GC/MS/MS GC/TOF other
45
this is the traditional, accepted confirmation method
GC/MS - large spectral database - SAMHSA slow to change
46
other confirmation methods characteristics
GC/MS/MS, LC/MS, LC/MS/MS, ToF, etc. - increased sensitivity - increased spectrum of drugs - increased efficiencies (sample prep, multi-drug analysis) - improvements in data analysis
47
analytical consideations of specimen prior to reporting
specimen adulteration specimen types non-lab testing MRO breath alc testing
48
types of adulteration methods
internal dil external dilution substitution contamination tampering
49
specimen adulteration testing
collection site protocol sample tmep creatinine/SG pH oxidizing adulterants odor/colour/particulates screening/confirm interference
50
acceptable SAMHSA sample type
urne
51
what is an MRO
medical review officer - licensed doctor of medicine/osteopathy - knowledge of drug abuse disorders - certified training program with re-training - receives all results - contacts all positive donors - determines reportable positives - rpeorts results to company

MLSCI 466 (19 decks)

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