Drugs 101 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Define pharmacology
The science of drug action
Define clinical pharmacology
Drug therapy of and for individual diseases
Define pharmacy
Science of the proper preparation, dispensing, and utilization of drug products
List the four categories of pharmacokinetics
A: Absorption
D: Distribution
M: Metabolism (liver and kidney)
E: Excretion
Differentiate between primary and secondary prevention (vaccinations).
1: prevent you from getting sick the first time
2: you get sick, we’re trying to keep you from getting sick again
List three ways drugs can do harm and give an example of each.
- Insufficiently selective (TCAs) –> many side effects
- Too selective for function (ASA)
- Prolonged modification of cell function (chemo)
What are two reason drug costs are high?
- Many failed drugs tested to get right one.
2. 1/3 of drug company budgets in marketing
List 2 criteria for medications to be listed as OTC.
- Relief of symptoms where Dx may not be necessary.
2. Uncomplicated cases of some chronic or recurrent disease.
Define a behind the counter medication and give an example.
Px not needed but must get the medication from the pharmacist –> sudafed
When a company develops a new drug, for how long do they maintain the patent?
10 years
What must a generic drug maker prove to FDA in order to sell their version of the drug?
Must prove bioavailability is within 80% of original brand name drug.
When must a pharmacist dispense the generic version of a drug?
Always unless the prescriber specifies brand name medically necessary.
What is a formulary and why are the beneficial?
List of medications providers within a health system may prescribe. Beneficial because it saves money and prevents resistance (Abx)
List and describe 6 phases of clinical drug trials.
Pre-clin: efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics
0: Single subtherapeutic doses to small groups (15-20) for kinetics and dynamics - no safety/efficacy
1: Given to mall group (20-100) of healthy volunteers to determine ADME
2. Given to large group (20-300) with disease to determine dose and overall efficacy
3. Large (300-3000) RCT against standard of care
4. Post marketing surveillance in general pop –> side effects may not show earlier b/c of low power
What are three names given to each drug?
Chemical –> given by the chemist
Generic –> given by a governing body
Trade –> given by a drug company
Differentiate between a reaction and an allergy.
Rxn: predictable and usually dose related, may be harmful or unpleasant
Allergy: Interaction between drug and patient on subsequent exposure –> antigen and antibody
What is an anaphylactoid reaction?
Allergy on 1st exposure caused by drug directly with no antibodies –> morphine causes itching
Describe a FDA black box warning.
Highest level warning FDA can issue and still approve medication. Studies show risk of serious or life threatening adverse effect.
Define cross sensitivity.
2 drugs interact that are chemically related
Describe the five old school pregnancy categories.
A: Trials show no evidence of risk to fetus
B: No risk in animal studies, but no human studies done -or- animal studies show risk while human studies don’t
C: Animal studies show risk to fetus, no human studies done, and potential benefit exists
D: Human studies show harm but benefit might outweigh risk in some circumstances
X: Benefit will never outweigh risk
Describe new school pregnancy labeling.
Provides info on risk to mother in pregnancy, fetus, during lactation, and harm to reproductive potential.
List and describe 2 ways KY tracks drugs of abuse.
KASPER: Tracks pharmacy, Pt, and prescriber any time a controlled substance is dispensed.
MethCheck: tracks purchasing of sudafed.
What are ergogenic drugs?
PEDs –> GHB, EPO, steroids (testosterone), etc
What is doping?
Using drugs to enhance athletic performance.
