Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FINAL. OPT 226A. Pharm > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(106 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Bepotastine

A

ANTI-HISTAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Emedastine

A

ANTI-HISTAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Levocabastine

A

ANTI-HISTAMINE

Nasal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alcaftadine

A

ANTI-HISTAMINES + ADJUNCT MAST CELL STABILIZERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ketotifen

A

ANTI-HISTAMINES + ADJUNCT MAST CELL STABILIZERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Olopatadine

A

ANTI-HISTAMINES + ADJUNCT MAST CELL STABILIZERS + INHIBIT OTHER MEDIATORS RELEASED

Maybe does NOT cause mydriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Azelastine

A

ANTI-HISTAMINES + ADJUNCT MAST CELL STABILIZERS + INHIBIT OTHER MEDIATORS RELEASED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epinastine

A

ANTI-HISTAMINES + ADJUNCT MAST CELL STABILIZERS + INHIBIT OTHER MEDIATORS RELEASED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

1ST-GEN ANTI-HISTAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Promethazine

A

1ST-GEN ANTI-HISTAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

1ST-GEN ANTI-HISTAMINE

Weakly sedating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Loratadine

A

2ND GEN ANTI-HISTAMINES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Desloratadine

A

2ND GEN ANTI-HISTAMINES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fexofenadine

A

2ND GEN ANTI-HISTAMINES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cetirizine

A

2ND GEN ANTI-HISTAMINES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cromolyn

A

MAST CELL STABILIZER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lodoxamide

A

MAST CELL STABILIZER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neodocromil

A

MAST CELL STABILIZER + INHIBIT OTHER MEDIATORS

More rapid onset

SE - Nasal congestion, HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pemirolast

A

MAST CELL STABILIZER + INHIBIT OTHER MEDIATORS (Eosinophils)

SE - Flu-like symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Omalizumab

A

ANTI-IGE ANTIBODY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Phenylephrine

A

DECONGESTANT

Dose is 10-20x lower than Dx formula

SE - Slight mydriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Naphazoline

A

IMIDAZOLE

Visine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

IMIDAZOLE

Visine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tetrahydrozoline

A

IMIDAZOLE

Tachyphylaxis

(Visine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Pegaptanib
ANTI-VEGF RNA aptamer SE - Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Bronchitis / HA, nausea / Diarrhea, UTI
26
Bevacizumab
(Avastin) ANTI-VEGF Full-length antibody Tx - Orig for colon cancer, (OL) - Neovascular glaucoma >> Used off-label (cheaper) SE - (>) Systemic SE (clots, CHF, GI)
27
Ranibizumab
(Lucentis) ANTI-VEGF Fragment of antibody (Smaller molecular size - More specific affinity for VEGF) Tx - Wet AMD, Diabetic macular edema (DME), Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) SE - (<) Systemic SE (b/c shorter systemic half life), so FDA-approved / Conj, ret hemorrhage, cataract
28
Aflibercept
ANTI-VEGF VEGF receptor fragment fused to IgG
29
Verteporfin
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
30
Flurbiprofen
More COX-1 selective NSAID Tx - Inhibit intraoperative miosis, (OL) - Post-op inflammation, Uveitis
31
Suprofen
More COX-1 selective NSAID Tx - Inhibit intraoperative miosis, (OL) - Contact lens GPS SE - Sig renal SE, so NOT Rx in US anymore
32
Ketorolac
More COX-1 selective NSAID Tx - Post-op inflammation/pain, Seasonal allergic conj, (OL) - Post-op cystoid mac edema SE - Oc irritation, Delayed wound healing
33
Aspirin
More COX-1 selective NSAID Acetylation of COX (irreversible - wait 5-7 days to produ new platelets to regain platelet function), Release of salicylate antioxidant - (dec) Insertion of O2 necess to make PGs Tx - (Low dose) - Analgesic, Change in platelet activity - (Dec) risk for CVA/MI, Colon/Prostate cancer vs. (High dose) - Anti-inflammatory SE - (In children) - Reye's syndrome (fatal liver/brain disease)
34
Bromfenac
More COX-2 selective NSAID Tx - Post-op inflammation/pain SE - Sig systemic SE, Corneal melt
35
Nepafenac
More COX-2 selective NSAID Tx - Post-op inflammation/pain SE - Sig systemic SE
36
Diclofenac
More COX-2 selective NSAID Tx - Inhibit intraoperative miosis, Post-op inflammation/pain, (OL) - Post-op cystoid mac edema, Allergies SE - Oc irritation, Corneal melt
37
Rofecoxib
(Vioxx) More COX-2 selective NSAID
38
Meloxicam
More COX-2 selective NSAID
39
Acetaminophen / Paracetamol
(NOT) anti-inflammatory (does NOT inhibit COX) Tx - Post-op pain, Pain during pregnancy (b/c does NOT affect platelets/wound healing/COX expressed by fetus) SE - (esp w/ alcohol) - Liver toxicity, (in children - taken during early years of life) - Inc risk for asthma/rhinoconjunctivitis/eczema, (Lethal) to snakes
40
Fentanyl
OPIOID Strong (u receptor) agonist Tx - Mod/Severe pain, Anesthesia SE - Uncontrolled vomiting
41
Remifentanil
OPIOID Strong (u receptor) agonist IV (b/c potent, short-acting) Tx - Mod/Severe pain, Anesthesia (quick recovery) SE - Uncontrolled vomiting
42
Meperidine
OPIOID Strong (u receptor) agonist, Anti-M Tx - Mod/Severe pain SE - NO miosis
43
Heroin
OPIOID Strong (u receptor) agonist Tx - Mod/Severe pain SE - Euphoria (Addiction), so NOT Rx in US anymore
44
Methadone
OPIOID Strong (u receptor) agonist Tx - Mod/Severe pain, Heroin substi (Break heroin addiction)
45
Morphine
OPIOID (From opium plant) Strong (u receptor) agonist, Strong (k receptor) agonist Tx - Mod/Severe pain
46
Oxycodone
OPIOID Mild/mod (u receptor) agonist Tx - Mild/Mod pain, BUT reserved for severe pain SE - Euphoria (Addiction)
47
(Di)hydrocodone
OPIOID Mild/mod (u receptor) agonist Tx - Mild/Mod pain, Pain in keratitis
48
Propoxyphene
OPIOID Weak (u receptor) agonist Tx - Mild/Mod pain
49
Codeine
OPIOID (Morphine prodrug) Partial (u receptor) agonist Tx - Mild/Mod pain, Pain in keratitis SE - Less addictive
50
Pentazocine
OPIOID Partial (u receptor) agonist, Strong (k receptor) agonist Tx - Mod/Severe pain
51
Dextromethorphan
OPIOID Cough suppressant
52
Pholcodine
OPIOID Cough suppressant
53
Nalbuphine
OPIOID Strong (k receptor) agonist, (u receptor) ANtagonist Tx - Mod pain
54
Buprenorphine
OPIOID Partial (u receptor) agonist, (k receptor) ANtagonist, (delta receptor) ANtagonist Tx - Mod/Severe pain
55
Naloxone
Opioid ANtagonist (u, k, delta) ANtagonist Tx - Opioid overdose
56
Naltrexone
Opioid ANtagonist (u, k, delta) ANtagonist Tx - Break heroin addiction
57
Tramadol
OPIOID Weak (u receptor) agonist, Serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor Tx - Mod/Severe pain, Pain in keratitis
58
Sulfonamides
FOLATE SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS (BacterioSTATIC) - (Mimics PABA) - Compete for use of Dihydropteroate synthetase - (dec) use of enyme to break down PABA
59
Trimethoprim
FOLATE SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS (BacterioSTATIC) - (Mimics Folate) - Compete for use of Dihydrofolate reductase - (dec) use of enzyme to break down folate Tx - Broad spectrum / First-line Tx in kids / Against H. influenza, Strep pneumonia SE - Very well-tolerated
60
Cycloserine
CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS Prevent lengthening of peptide side-chain of cell wall building block (inside cell)
61
Bacitracin
CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS (BacteriCIDAL) - Prevent phosphate release to form functional carrier (across lipophilic cell membrane) Tx - (Gram +) / First-line antibiotic for blepharitis SE - Severe syst toxicity - Nephrotoxicity >> Renal failurue (but good oc drug b/c haven't build up systemic resistance)
62
Vancomycin
CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS Prevent release of last peptide to attach to existing cell wall lattice Tx - Against Gram (+), Last-line antibiotic SE - Oxotoxicity, Nephrotoxiciity
63
Penicillins
BETA-LACTAMS May be penicillinase-resistant (against bacteria's resistance) IV - Req clearance via renal system (odor of urine) / If (oral) - Would be destroyed by gastric acid (unless acid-resistant)
64
Cephalosporins
BETA-LACTAMS
65
Tetracyclines
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS (on 30 S ribosomal subunit) Compete w/ tRNA for A site Gram (+) and Gram (-) SE - Inactivated by Ca (NOT taken w/ dairy), Permanent teath discoloration
66
Tobramycin
AMINOGLYCOSIDE
67
Gentamycin
AMINOGLYCOSIDE BacteriCIDAL at therapeutic level, BUT similar to static drugs Tx - Oxotoxicity - Most common cause of pediatric deafness
68
Neomycin
AMINOGLYCOSIDE
69
Chloramphenicol
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS (on 50 S) Inhibit transpeptidation (from peptide chain on tRNA on P-site >> tRNA on A-site) (NOT used in US) Tx - Broad spectrum SE - Sig bone marrow depression - Aplastic anemia (rare, but lethal SE)
70
Puromycin
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS (on 50 S) Resembeles aa end of tRNA >> Premature termination of peptide chain SE - Also affects human cells
71
Erythromycin
MACROLIDES
72
Clazithromycin
MACROLIDES More sensitive to H. influenza - Gram (-)
73
Azithromycin
MACROLIDES More sensitive to H. influenza - Gram (-)
74
Fluoroquinolones
DNA GYRASE/TOPOISOMERASE IV INHIBITORS (BacteriCIDAL) - Inhibit DNA gyrase (Gram -) - Convert supercoil to neg supercoil for rep, transcription, and Topoisomerase IV (Gram +) - sep double rings into single rings (BUT prone to reisstance) (AUC/MIC) - Conc and Time-dep - Topical, Req loading dose (High initial conc to (dec) bacterial conc/cell damage >> Reduce to maintenance dose) for 7 days overall Tx - Broad spectrum - Against Gram (+) and (-) / Bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis SE - Gen well-tolerated BUT (inc) anticoagulation - Excessive bleeding / NOT affect Topoisomerase II (in humans w/ similar function to DNA gyrase)
75
Polymyxin B
CELL MEMBRANE INHIBITORS (inc) Cell membrane permeability (leakage) >> (inc) H2O uptake Topical Tx - Against Gram (-) SE - Neuro-toxicity, Nephro-toxicity
76
Gramicidin
CELL MEMBRANE INHIBITORS Tx - Against Gram (-) SE - Neuro-toxicity, Nephro-toxicity
77
Acyclovir
DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITORS (Prodrug) - Acyclo-GTP affinity for viral DNA >> Premature chain termination Oral, IV, topical (Poor water solubility) Tx - Against HSV, VZV SE - Toxic to corneal epi (Non-preserved lubricant)
78
Ganciclovir
DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITORS Poor oral absorption- In intravitreal implant Tx - Against CMV, Herpatic keratitis
79
Trifluridine
DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITORS Tx - Viral keratitis
80
Natamycin
MACROLIDE POLYENE (ONLY antifungal drug available) Effective at low conc Food preservative - Low water solubility (not absorbed in GI) Tx - Fungal keratitis (against Aspergillus, Fusarium)
81
Amphotericin B
MACROLIDE POLYENE IV Highly protein-bound >> Poor tissue penetration Tx - Fungal keratitis (caused by yeast)
82
Nystatin
MACROLIDE POLYENE IV Highly protein-bound >> Poor tissue penetration Tx - Fungal keratitis (caused by yeast)
83
Betaxolol
(Betoptic) BETA-BLOCKERS for glaucoma Beta1-selective, Block Ca channel >> Neuroprotective - (inc) blood flow to ONH Tx - NOT (dec) IOP as much, but can (dec) glaucoma prog SE - Sting (esp if NOT in suspension), Least respiratory distress
84
Metipranolol
(OptiPranolol) BETA-BLOCKERS for glaucoma Non-selective (inc) duration
85
Timolol
Timoctic-XE (gel forming solution >> can be admin qd vs. bid) BETA-BLOCKERS for glaucoma Non-selective Tx - Contralateral effect >> other eye / (Chronic use) - (inc) tol w/ Br or NP (non-preserved) SE - Allergies (rare)
86
Levobunolol
(Betagan) BETA-BLOCKERS for glaucoma, Active metabolite Non-selective Tx - (>) duration, (Chronic use) - (inc) efficacy SE - (>) side effects, Allergies (rare)
87
Carteolol
(Ocupress) BETA-BLOCKERS for glaucoma Non-selective, Partial agonist (antagonist against endogenous) - Intrinsic sympathoMIMETIC activity SE - (<) side effects, Membrane stabilizing activity (MSA) - Local anaesthetic (dec) corneal sensitivity
88
Aproclonidine
(Iopidine) ALPHA-2 AGONISTS for glaucoma Slightly alpha-2 selective (act sig on alpha-1) Extreme tachyphylaxis Tx - Initial Tx for ACG, Short-term control prior to glaucoma surgery, Post-op/dilation/cycloplegia IOP spikes Sig SE - Allergy, Dry mouth, Conj blanching (VC), Eyelid retraction, Mydriasis (slight alpha-1 effect)
89
Brimonidine
(Alphagan) ALPHA-2 AGONISTS for glaucoma Alpha-2 selective, Block Ca channel >> Neuroprotective - (inc) blood flow to ONH, (>) lipid solubility, (>) melanin binding (depot potential) Maybe purite preserved - (inc) oc penetration Tx - OAG SE - (>) CNS, anti-HTN side effects, Miosis, Fatigue, HA, (NOT) For pregnant women - (ONLY) Category B glaucoma drug- (All others - Category C)
90
Dorzolamide
Trusoft CAI Topical
91
Cosoft
Dozorlamide + Timolol
92
Brinzolamide
Azopt CAI (Potent) Topical
93
Acetazolamide
Diamox CAI More protein bound, Affect acid-base bal Oral / IV SE - Fatigue, Vomiting
94
Methazolamide
Neptazine CAI (More potent), Resorption (longer action) Oral / IV SE - Better tolerated, but Steven-Johnson syndrome (epidermis sep from dermis) - esp in Japanese
95
Pilocarpine
MIOTIC Muscarinic-agonist Short duration (4x a day dosing) Tx - ACG - But does NOT effective at high IOP > 60 mmHg (cut off vascular supply to sphincter - sphincter does NOT work to (inc) outflow) / Control diurnal fluctuations SE - Allergies
96
Carbachol
MIOTIC Muscarinic/Nicotinic-agonist (Potent), () Duration Tx - Also miotic for surgery SE - (>) Oc SE
97
Echothiophate
MIOTIC (Irrev) Anticholinesterase (Potent), (>) Duration Tx - (>) Control over diurnal fluctuations SE - Iris cysts, pigment dispersion, cataracts
98
Dipivefrin
Alpha/Beta-Agonists / Prodrug for epinephrine (adrenaline) Non-selective / Metabolized quickly as pass through cornea (>) duration Tx - (Inc) (mostly conventional) outflow / Transient early (inc) in aq produ SE - (Sig Oc SE) Stinging, allergy, mac edema, NO adenochrome deposits (as w/ epinephrine)
99
Latanoprost
(Xalatan) PGA / Prodrug PGF2-alpha analogue Unstable (refrigerate)
100
Travoprost
Travatan vs. Travatan Z (using SofZia as preservative < harmful to ocular surface than BAK) PGA / Prodrug PGF2-alpha analogue
101
Tafluprost
Zioptan (NP) PGA / Prodrug PGF2-alpha analogue
102
Bimatoprost
Lumigan, Latisse (used cosmetically for hypertrichosis, but still SE - darker periorbital dermis) PGA / Prodrug PGF2-alpha analogue / Prostamide analogue Most cost-effective
103
Unoprostone
Rescula PGA / Prodrug (Active metabolite) PGF2-alpha analogue / Partial agonist - Act on K channels / Block Ca channel >> Neuroprotective - (inc) blood flow to ONH (<) Potent (2x day dosing) Tx - NOT (dec) IOP as much, but can (dec) glaucoma prog SE - (Mild Oc SE) - SPK
104
Glycerol
HYPEROSMOTIC AGENT Metabolized to glucose, Rel weak penetration Oral
105
Isosorbide
HYPEROSMOTIC AGENT Penetrates cells Oral
106
Mannitol
HYPEROSMOTIC AGENT Weak penetration IV SE - Ok for diabetes / NOT for kidney disease

FINAL. OPT 226A. Pharm (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions