Drugs Flashcards
MOA/Adverse Effects (42 cards)
NSAIDS
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
block cyclooxegenase (Cox), reduce prostaglandin levels (higher levels have been associated in women who experience excessive menstrual blood loss)
CIN: hypersensitivity, active GI ulcer, CKD and CLD, bleeding disorders
Omeprazole
MOA/Dose
A/E
CIN
MOA: PPI in gastric parietal cells
Dose: 20 mg qD
A/E: HA, abdominal pain, GI upset
CIN: hypersenstiivity to drug
Valtrex
MOA/Dose/A/E
Primary outbreak
Recurrent outbreak
Pregnancy suppression
CIN
MOA: anti-viral that inhibits DNA synthesis and replication
Primary outbreak: 1 gram BID x 7-10 days
Recurrent: 500 BID x 3 days
Pregnancy suppression: 500 BID
CIN: hypersensitivity
Metrondiazole
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
MOA: inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, bateriocidal/trichomonacidal
Dose: 500 BID x 7 days
A/E: GI upset, hypersensitivity, metallic taste
CIN: caution history heart failure or hepatic failure, renal disease
Ceftriaxone
MOA/Dose/A/E
MOA: third gen cephalisporin, broad specrtrum gram negative
Dose: 500 mg IM (if <150 kg)
Dose: 1 grams qd (pyelonephritis)
A/E: injection pain, eosinophilia
Fentanyl
synthetic opioid
PTU
MOA: blocks synthesis of T4/T3
Dose: 100 TID
A/E: concerns for hepatic toxicity
Methimazole
MOA: blocks oxidation of iodine
Dose: 20 mg QD
A/E: aplasia cutis, esophageal atresia
Glyburide
MOA/Dose/A/E
Caution
MOA: increases insulin secretion by pancreases
Dose: 2.5 daily then BID
A/E: allergy sx
Caution: hypoglycemia (maternal and neonatal)
Crosses placenta freely
ursodiol
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
MOA: reduces cholesterol and hydrophilic bile acids (toxic)
Dose: 300 TID
Improvement in 1-2 weeks, bile acids improve 3-4 weeks
A/E: GI upset, back pain, dizziness
CIN: hypersensitivity
metformin
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
MOA: inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver and stimulates glucose uptake in peripheral tissue
Dose: 500 mg x 1 week then increased to BID
A/E: GI upset, diarrhea
CIN: chronic renal disease (check Cr)
Counseling: absent long term data on neonate, readily crossest placenta, lack of superiority to insulin
Tranxexamic Acid
-MOA
-Dosing
-CIN
plasmin inhibitor, stabilizes fibrin matrix
1 gram IV in 100 ml solution, given over 10 minutes
CIN: history of color blindness, VTE, concomitant use of COCP
Nifedipine
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
MOA: CCB
Dose: 30 mg loading, then 10 mg q 4-6 hrs
Maternal AE: dizziness, flushing, suppression of heart rate, contractility
Fetal AE: none
CIN: HYPOTENSION, AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY (or other preload dependent lesions)
Terbutaline
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
MOA: beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist- relaxation of smooth muscle found in bronchial, vascular and uterine tissues
Dose: 0.25 mg subQ every 20 min to 30 hours
Maternal A/E: tachycardia, HYPOTENSION, tremor, palpitations, SOB, pulmonary edema, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
Fetal A/E: tachycardia
CIN: tachycardia sensitive cardiac disease, poorly controlled DM
Indocin
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
MOA: NSAID
Dose: if < 32 weeks
50-100 mg po loading then half q 4-6 hours
Maternal: nausea, GERD, gastritis, emesis, plt dysfunction
Fetal: contracted ductus arterioles, olighydramnios, NEC, PDA, especially if used > 2 days
CIN: bleeding or plt disorder, hepatic or renal dysfunction, GI ulcerative disease, asthma (if hypersensitivity to ASA)
Magnesium
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
Toxicity values: 9/12/30
Cautions
MOA: reduces calcium in uterine muscle, thus relaxes muscle
Dose: 4 grams followed by 1 gram per hour
Maternal A/E: flushing, diaphoresis, nausea, toxicity
Fetal A/E: neonatal depression
CIN: myasthenia Travis
When used with Nifedipine: suppressed heart rate and decreased LVP, neuromuscular blockade
When used with Terb: caution
Labetalol
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
MOA: beta agonist
Dose: 200 BID
20/40/80 IV push over 2 min, check BP every 10 min
Onset: minutes
Max daily dose: 300 mg
CIN: asthma, heart disease (MI/heart block), bradycardia
If not working… switch to Hydralazine 10 mg
Nifedipine po
MOA
Dose
A/E
CIN
MOA: CCB
Dose: 10 mg PO
Repeat BP in 20 min, Can give 20 mg if elevated
Max dose: 180 mg daily
Onset: 10 min
A/E: reflex tachycardia, maternal HA
CIN: concomitant use with rifampin, phenobarbital (CYP)
Clindamycin
MOA: suppresses protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal unit
Dose: 900 IV
A/E: C difficile
Caution: nephrotoxic
Bactrim
MOA/Dose/CIN
MOA:blocks two steps in nucleic acid and protein synthesis
Dose: 160/800 mg
CIN: pregnancy - congenital malformations
Macrobid
MOA
MOA: alters bacterial ribosomal proteins thus blocking cell wall synthesis
Dose: 100 BID X 5-7 days
Keflex
MOA
Dose
MOA: blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis
Dose: 500 QID x 5-7 days UTI
Clotrimazole
MOA: alters fungal cell membrane, fungistatic/cidal
A/E: abnormal LFT’s, local burning/pain
CIN:caution if liver disease
Diflucan
MOA
Dose
A/E
CIN
MOA: alters fungal cell membrane
Dose: 150 mg, repeat 72 hours
A/E: HA, GI upset
CIN: hypersenstiivty, caution with erythromycin… CYP interaction
