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MBCHB 1 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Organisms resistant to aminoglycosides

A

Streptococcus

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2
Q

Organisms resistant to vancomycin

A

All gram negative

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3
Q

Acquired resistance

A

Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation

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4
Q

Resistance of beta lactam

A

Resistance through production of beta lactamase

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5
Q

Resistance of beta lactams

A

Beta lactamase production
Alteration of the penicillin binding site

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6
Q

Organisms that produce beta lactamase

A

Hospital acquired staphylococcus
Gram negative bacilli

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7
Q

Methods of combatting beta lactamase enzyme

A

Producing a drug that is attached to an inhibitor such as amoxicillin and clavulanic acid to form co amoxiclav.
2.production of an antibiotic that is resistant to beta lactamase for example flucloxacillin

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8
Q

Extended spectrum beta lactamase

A

Produced by gram negative organisms
They break down third generation cephalosporin as well as penicillin

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9
Q

Location of ESBLS

A

Hospital acquired

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10
Q

Carbapenese producing enterobacteriaceae

A

Gram negatives resistant to carbapenase

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11
Q

Alteration of penicillin binding protein

A

mrsa

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12
Q

Penicillin resistance

A

MRSA
Streptococcus pneumonia through alteration if penicillin binding site

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13
Q

Treatment for beta lactamase producing staph aeurus

A

Flucloxacillin

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14
Q

MRSA ORGANISMS

A

Resistant to all penicillin and cephalosporins

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15
Q

Gram positive resistant to vancomycin

A

Enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium

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16
Q

Mechanism of VRE

A

Alteration of the peptidoglycan precursor site of binding for the vancomycin

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17
Q

benzyl penicillin

A

works on gram positive organisms example strep pyogenes ( group A )
pneumococcal
meningococcal which is gram negative

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18
Q

amoxicillin

A

streptococci and enterococci and some beta lactamase coliforms.

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19
Q

co- amoxiclav

A

extended spectrum for gram negative coli -forms

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20
Q

flucloxacillin

A

MRSA

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21
Q

piperacillin

A

broad spectrum against enterococcus faecalis

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22
Q

cephalosporins

A

clostridium difficile infection

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23
Q

aminoglycosides

A

gram negatives

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24
Q

gentamicin application

A

parental use

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25
vancomycin
gram positive both aerobic and anaerobic
26
erythromycin
activity against gram positive penicillin allergy examples are chlamydia psittaci, coxiella burnetti , mycoplasma pneumonia and legionella
27
quinolones
wide spectrum against all gram negative organisms including pseudomonas infection.
28
linezolid
MRSA but causes bone marrow supression
29
daptomyicn
MRSA and gram positive
30
fidaxomicin
bacteriocidal against c difficile
31
allergic reactions
immediate hypersensitivity delayed hypersensitivity GI effects
32
4 C`S
cephalosporin ciprofloxacin co -amoxiclav clindamycin
33
what are the 4 C`S
broad spectrum agents for bacteria
34
gastrointestinal side effects
clostridium difficile
35
management of GI side effects
isolation hand washing do not use hand gel
36
detection of GI clostridium toxicity
detection of the toxin in the stool by enzyme immunoassay
37
treatment for c difficile
metronidazole oral vancomycin
38
liver toxicity associated drugs
flucloxacillin rifampicin
39
renal toxicity
vancomycin aminoglycoside such as ( gentamicin , netilmicin and amikacin)
40
optic neuropathy
ethambutol
41
factors to consider when giving medication
age renal function liver function pregnancy
42
drugs associated with congenital abnormalities
teratogenic metronidazole and trimethoprim
43
drugs safe for pregnancy
penicillin cephalosporin urinary antiseptic nitrofurantoin
44
what is the role of the laboratory in drug administration
advice choice on antimicrobial monitor efficacy and toxicity
45
reasons for measuring the serum levels
1.to ensure the therapeutic levels are achieved . 2.to ensure that levels are not as high as to be toxic.
46
susceptibility testing
automated methods e tests using MIC
47
amphotericin B
used for treatment of systemic fungal infections.
48
toxicity of amphotericin B to human cells
bind to other sterols such as cholesterol hence the toxicity
49
mode of delivery for amphotericin B
intravenously for yeast and other fungal infections
50
drugs for dermatophysis
nystatin
51
fluconazole
treatment of yeast infection
52
azole drugs
inhibition of sterol synthesis
53
polyene drugs
binding to sterols and increases permiability of the cell wall
54
aspergillosis treatment
voriconazole and itraconazole
55
terbinafine
treat fungal infection on skin and nails
56
echinocandins
serious candida and aspergillus
57
aciclovir
active against herpes simplex and varicella zooster virus
58
treatment of HIV
Saquinavir zidovudine two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, plus either a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (e.g. nevirapine, Efavirenz) or a protease inhibitor which inhibits viral protease enzyme (e.g. saquinavir, Darunavir).
59
Which of the following can be used to treat systemic fungal infection
Amphotericin B
60
Which of the following is used to treat infections with Gram(-) organisms such as Escherichia coli (intravenously)?
gentamicin
61
MRSA is treated intravenously using which of the following drugs:
flucloxacillin
62
treatment of UTI
nitrofurantion
63
treatment of systemic fungal infections
amphotericin B
64

MBCHB 1 (62 decks)

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