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Pharm part 2 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(177 cards)

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1
Q

Betalactams (6) and examples

A

Bactericide antibiotics:

  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • monobactams
  • carbapenems
  • clavulanic acid
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2
Q

Peniciliins

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactam
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
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3
Q

cephalosporins

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactam
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
  • parenteral/oral
  • 7-Aminocephalosporanic acid group
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4
Q

monobactams

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactam]
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
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5
Q

carbapenems

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactam
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
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6
Q

Clavulanic acid

A
  • oral/IV
  • inhibits gram positive and negative
  • associated with amoxicillin
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • betalactamase inhibitor
  • cross BBB
  • cross placenta but still safe
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7
Q

Drugs that cross BBB

A

-betalactams

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8
Q

What are the natural penicillins?

A
  • PENICILLIN G (IM, IV)
  • PENICILLIN G PROCAINE (IM) —long effect 4-5 days.
  • PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE (IM)—long effect 26 days.
  • PENICILLIN V (ORAL)—Resistant to acid degradation.
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9
Q

Penicillin G (4)

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • natural penicillin
  • gram + cocci (EXCEPT S. aureus)
  • gram + bacillus
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10
Q

PENICILLIN G PROCAINE (6)

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • natural penicillin
  • gram + cocci (EXCEPT S. aureus)
  • gram + bacillus
  • (IM)
  • long effect 4-5 days.
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11
Q

PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • natural penicillin
  • gram + cocci (EXCEPT S. aureus)
  • gram + bacillus
  • (IM)
  • long effect 26 days.
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12
Q

PENICILLIN V (ORAL)

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • natural penicillin
  • gram + cocci (EXCEPT S. aureus)
  • gram + bacillus
  • resistant to acid degradation
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13
Q

What are the penicillinase resistant drugs? (2)

A
  • CLOXACILLIN (ORAL, PARENTERAL)

- METHICILLIN

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14
Q

CLOXACILLIN

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • penicillinase resistant
  • works on staphylococcus
  • oral and parenteral
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15
Q

METHICILLIN

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • penicillinase resistant
  • works on staphylococcus
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16
Q

What are the aminopenicillins drugs?

A
  • amoxicillin
  • ampicillin
  • expand spectrum to gram
  • Gram + cocci EXCEPT s. aureus
  • Gram Bacillus EXCEPT Pseudomona
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17
Q

Amoxicillin

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • aminopenicillin
  • expand spectrum to gram
  • Gram + cocci EXCEPT s. aureus
  • Gram Bacillus EXCEPT Pseudomona
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18
Q

Ampicillin

A
  • bactericide antibiotic
  • aminopenicillin
  • expand spectrum to gram
  • Gram + cocci EXCEPT s. aureus
  • Gram Bacillus EXCEPT Pseudomona
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19
Q

Piperacillin (4)

A
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • Antipseudomonas penicillins
  • gram negative bacillus
  • parenteral
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20
Q

Ticarcillin (4)

A
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • Antipseudomonas penicillins
  • gram negative bacillus
  • parenteral
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21
Q

Clavulanic acid (4)

A
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • pencillins
  • betalactamase inhibitor
  • amoxicillin-clavulanate
  • oral, IV
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22
Q

Sulbactam

A
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • pencillins
  • betalactamase inhibitor
  • ampicillin- sulbactam
  • parenteral, IV, IM
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23
Q

Tazobactam

A
  • IV
  • bacericide antibiotic
  • pencillins
  • betalactamase inhibitor
  • piperacillin-tazobactam
  • parenteral
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24
Q

cefadroxil

A

-oral every 12hrs
-first generation cephalosporin
-7-aminocephalosporanic
acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine)
-bactericide antibiotic
-betalactam
-cross BBB
-cross placenta but still safe
-parenteral/oral

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25
cefazolin
-first generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
26
cefalexin
-oral -first generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
27
cefaclor
-oral -second generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
28
cefoxitin
-second generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
29
cefuroxime
-oral -second generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
30
cefotaxime
-third generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
31
ceftriaxone
-every 24hrs -biliary elimination -third generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
32
cefixime
-oral -third generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
33
ceftazidime
-antipseudomonal -third generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
34
cefepime
-fourth generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
35
ceftaroline
-fifth generation cephalosporin -7-aminocephalosporanic acid group (beta lactam + dihydrothiazine) -bactericide antibiotic -betalactam -cross BBB -cross placenta but still safe -parenteral/oral
36
imipenem
- Carbapenem - renal dipeptidase metabolism - Gram positive and Gram negative aerobic + anaerobic - works against baceroides fragilis - serious nosocomial infections - seizures
37
Meropenem
carbapenem
38
ertapenem
carbapenem
39
aztreonam
- monobactam - gram negative aerobic (enterobacteriaceae + pseudomonas) - alternative to aminoglycosides - parenteral - no cross reactivity with penicillins or cephalosporins
40
Bactericide antibiotics
1. BETALACTAMS 2. AMINOGLYCOSIDES 3. QUINOLONES 4. GLYCOPEPTIDES
41
Aminoglycosides
- Enterobacteria, P. aeruginosa and Gram negative (esp. pseudomonas) - used on bacteria often resistant to other antibiotics - bactericide - inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting RNA by binding to 30s ribosome - NO activity against anaerobic - synergistic effect with beta-lactam - low oral absorption - IV, IM - NOT metabolized - Postantibiotic effect
42
Gentamicin
- Aminoglycoside | - Parenteral
43
Tobramycin
- Aminoglycoside | - Parenteral
44
Amikacin
- Aminoglycoside | - Parenteral
45
Streptomycin
- Aminoglycoside - Parenteral - Tuberculosis - I.M.
46
Neomycin
- Aminoglycosides - oral administration - treats hepatic encephalopathy - reduces ammonia produces by bacteria
47
Parommomycin
- Aminoglycosides - oral administration - active against entamoeba histolytica
48
Quinolones
- Dihydroquinolein ring - Postantibiotic effect - Bactericide - inhibit DNA gyrase - all gram negative - 3rd and 4th against gram positive - food delays absorption - cross placenta and eliminated in breast milk - affect growth plates in children
49
NALIDIXIC ACID
- Quinolones | - 1st generation
50
PIPEMIDIC ACID
- Quinolones | - 1st generation
51
NORFLOXACIN
- Quinolones - 2nd generation - hepatic and renal elimination
52
CIPROFLOXACIN
- Quinolones - 2nd generation - antipseudomonal activity - hepatic and renal elimination
53
LEVOFLOXACIN
- Quinolones - 3rd generation - gram negative and positive - renal elimination (active)
54
MOXIFLOXACIN
- Quinolones - 4th generation - gram negative and positive - only generation against anaerobic bacteria - renal elimination (active)
55
Bacteriostatic Drugs
- inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50s bacterial ribosome 5. Lincosamides 6. Macrolides 7. Tetracyclines 8. Aminophenols 9. Rifamycins
56
Macrolides
- lactone ring - bacteriostatic - not teratogenic (useful in pregnancy) - low toxicity - Gram positive (not staphylococcus) aerobic and anaerobic - mycoplasma, chlamydia - do NOT cross BBB
57
erythromycin
- Macrolides - inactivated by low gastric pH (coated tablets) - hepatic metabolism (P450) - biliary clearance - 14 C ring - 6-8hrs
58
clarithromycin
- Macrolides - twice the bioavailability of erythromycin - hepatic metabolism - renal elimination - 14 C ring - 12 hrs
59
azithromycin
- Macrolides - 1.5 the bioavailability of erythromycin - hepatic metabolism (P450) - biliary clearance - 15 C ring - 24hrs
60
Spiramycin
- Macrolides - 16 C ring - 6-8hrs
61
Lincomycin
- Lincosamides - produced by the fungus Streptomyces lincolnensis - inhibits protein syntehsis by binding to 50s ribosomal subunit
62
Clindamycin
- Lincosamides - gram positive anaerobic - some protozoa - NOT against gram negative
63
Ethanol (5)
antiseptic/disinfectant alcohol 70% - bactericidal - doesnt work well with viruses - NO activity with fungi - CANT disinfect surgical instruments
64
Isopropyl (5)
antiseptic/disinfectant alcohol - bactericidal - doesnt work well with viruses - NO activity with fungi - CANT disinfect surgical instruments
65
Formaldehyde (4)
Aldehyde Disinfectant - used on surgical instruments - Broad spectrum (including spores) - irritating on body
66
Hydrogen peroxide (3)
oxidizing antiseptic/disinfectant - anaerobic bacteria - low potency 3%
67
Chlorine
Chlorinated compound antiseptic/disinfectant - bacteria, fungi, viruses, protazoa - purified drinking water
68
Chloramine
Chlorinated compound antiseptic/disinfectant | -disinfects surgical equipment
69
Chlorhexidine
Biguanides antiseptic.disinfectant - broad spectrum - less absorption in skin, less toxicity - 0.12% mouthwash, 0.2% oral antiseptic - Stains teeth - surgical prep, pre-op skin prep, washing and brushing
70
Povidone iodine
Iodinated compound antiseptic/disinfectant
71
Silver nitrate
Silver derivative antiseptic/disinfectant
72
Silver sulfadiazine
antiseptic/disinfectant
73
omeprazole
Acid secretion inhibitor | proton pump inhibitor
74
pantoprazole
Acid secretion inhibitor | proton pump inhibitor
75
esomeprazole
Acid secretion inhibitor | proton pump inhibitor
76
iansoprazole
Acid secretion inhibitor | proton pump inhibitor
77
rabeprazole
Acid secretion inhibitor | proton pump inhibitor
78
CINETIDINE
Acid secretion inhibitor | H2 receptor antagonist
79
ranitidine
Acid secretion inhibitor | H2 receptor antagonist
80
fanotidine
Acid secretion inhibitor | H2 receptor antagonist
81
Sodium bicarbonate
NEutralizer of acid secretions | -antacid
82
Aluminum hydroxide
NEutralizer of acid secretions | -antacid
83
Magnesium almgate
NEutralizer of acid secretions | -antacid
84
Bismuth salts
Mucosal protective agents
85
sucralfate
Mucosal protective agents
86
misoprostol
Mucosal protective agents
87
aldendronate
Bisphosphonates | -for osteoporosis
88
etidronate
Bisphosphonates | -for osteoporosis
89
Risedronate
Bisphosphonates | -for osteoporosis
90
pamidronate
Bisphosphonates | -for osteoporosis
91
zoledronate
Bisphosphonates | -for osteoporosis
92
cyclophosphamide
Cytostatic Dna damaging alkylating agents
93
mephalan
Cytostatic Dna damaging alkylating agents
94
irinotecan
Cytostatic Dna damaging Topoisomerase ibhibitors
95
topotecan
Cytostatic Dna damaging Topoisomerase ibhibitors
96
bleomycin
Cytostatic Dna damaging Antibiotic
97
actinomycin D
Cytostatic Dna damaging Antibiotic
98
cisplatin
Cytostatic Dna damaging Platnium compounds
99
methotrexate
Cytostatic Antimetabolite Antifolate
100
s-fluorouracil
Cytostatic Antimetabolite analogue of pyrimidine base
101
6-mercaptopurine
Cytostatic Antimetabolite analogue of purine base
102
vincristine
Cytostatic Acts on mitosis vincaalkaloid
103
vinblastine
Cytostatic Acts on mitosis vincaalkaloid
104
taxanes
Cytostatic | Acts on mitosis
105
minocycline
Tetracyclin | long action
106
Erythromycin
Macrolides
107
Azitheromycin
Macrolides
108
Clarithromycin
Macrolides
109
Clarithromycin
Macrolides
110
Lincomycin
Lincosamide
111
clindamycin
Lincosamide
112
Vancomycin
Glycopeptides
113
Teicoplanin
Glycopeptides
114
Gentamycin
Aminoglycosides
115
Tobramycin
Aminoglycosides
116
streptomycin
Aminoglycosides
117
amikacin
Aminoglycosides
118
Neomycin
Oral aminoglycoside
119
Paromomycin
Oral aminoglycoside
120
Paromomycin
Oral aminoglycoside
121
Nalidixic Acid
1st generation quinolones
122
Pipemidic acid
1st generation quinolones
123
Norfloxacin
2nd generation quinolones
124
Ciproflaxacin
2nd generation quinolones
125
Levofloxacin
3rd generation quinolones
126
Moxifloxacin
4th generation quinolones
127
Moxifloxacin
4th generation quinolones
128
acetyl salicylic acid
Antiplatelet
129
Dipyridamole
Antiplatelet
130
ticlopidine
Antiplatelet
131
clopidogrel
Antiplatelet
132
Aciximab
Antiplatelet
133
Sodium heparin
unfractioned heparin
134
Nadroparin
Anticoagulant | low molecular weight heparin
135
Enoxaparin
Anticoagulant | low molecular weight heparin
136
Dalteparin
Anticoagulant | low molecular weight heparin
137
Warfarin
Anticoagulant | Antivitamin K
138
aceonocoumarol
Anticoagulant | Antivitamin K
139
Protamine sulfate
antidote for heparins
140
Vitamin K
antidote for coumarins
141
Fresh plasma
antidote for coumarins and fibrinloytics
142
Transexamic acid
antidote for bleeding during dental procedures
143
Dabigatran
Oral anticoagulant | direct thrombin inhibitor
144
Rivaroxaban
Oral anticoagulant | Factor Xa inhibitor
145
Apixaban
Oral anticoagulant | Factor Xa inhibitor
146
Edoxaban
Oral anticoagulant | Factor Xa inhibitor
147
Streptokinase
Fibrinolytic
148
Urokinase
Fibrinolytic
149
Alteplase
Fibrinolytic
150
mercurochrome
antiseptic/disinfectant
151
Lispro
Ultra short acting insulin
152
Aspart
Ultra short acting insulin
153
Glulisine
Ultra short acting insulin
154
insulin-nph
intermediate acting insulin
155
Lispro protamine - NPL
intermediate acting insulin
156
Glorgine
Long acting insulin
157
Detemir
Long acting insulin
158
Humalog mixture
insulin mixture
159
Glibenclamide
Oral antidiabetic | Sulfonylureas
160
Gliclazide
Oral antidiabetic | Sulfonylureas
161
Glipizide
Oral antidiabetic | Sulfonylureas
162
Glimepiride
Oral antidiabetic | Sulfonylureas
163
Metformin
Oral antidiabetic | Biguandies
164
Pioglitazone
Oral antidiabetic | Thiazolidinediones/glitazone
165
Roilitazone
Oral antidiabetic | Thiazolidinediones/glitazone
166
Repaglinidine
Oral antidiabetic | Meglitinides
167
Nateglinidine
Oral antidiabetic | Meglitinides
168
Acarbose
Oral antidiabetic | 2-glucosidase inhibitor
169
Dapagliflozin
Oral antidiabetic | Glifozins
170
Canaglifozin
Oral antidiabetic | Glifozins
171
empaglifozin
Oral antidiabetic | Glifozins
172
Exenatide
Other antidiabetics Incretin mimetic GIP-1 analog
173
Liraglutide
Other antidiabetics Incretin mimetic GIP-1 analog
174
Vildagliptina
Other antidiabetics Incretin mimetic DPP-4 inhibitor
175
Sitagliptina
Other antidiabetics Incretin mimetic DPP-4 inhibitor
176
Saxagliptin
Other antidiabetics Incretin mimetic DPP-4 inhibitor
177
Alogliptin
Other antidiabetics Incretin mimetic DPP-4 inhibitor

Pharm part 2 (7 decks)

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