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Flashcards in Drugs Deck (35)
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1
Q

4-aminopyridine

A

Fast potassium channel blocker that has been shown to improve axonal conduction of demyelinated fibers
Greatest affinity for Kv1.5 potassium channel
MOA in restoring peacemaking activity of purkinje cells

2
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Increasing neuronal responsiveness to GABA, antiglutamate effects, and decreasing calcium flow into neurons

3
Q

Bromide

A

Hyperpolarizes the neuronal membrane after traversing chloride channels

4
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Enhance GABA effects in the brain

5
Q

Felbamate

A

Interfering with voltage gated sodium channels, antagonizing NMDA preferring glutamate receptors, and interfering with the binding of glycine

6
Q

Gabapentin and pregabalin

A

Main MOA through inhibition of voltage gated neuronal calcium channels via specific binding of the drug to the alpha2delta-subunit of these channels. The inhibition of calcium flow reduces release of excitatory neurotransmitters including glutamate, noradrenaline, and substance P

7
Q

Zonisamide

A

Blockage of T-type calcium and voltage gated sodium channels and binding to the chloride channel associated with GABA

8
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Pyrrolidine-based
Main MOA specific binding to SV2A
Neuroprotective
Anti-kindling

9
Q

Topiramate

A

Sulfamate substituted monosaccharide thought to work on multiple cell signaling mechanisms including enhancing GABAergic activity, inhibition of mainstream-evokes currents, and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes

10
Q

Imepition

A

Imidazolinone derivative that is a low affinity partial agonist at the benzodiazepine site of GABAa receptors

11
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

A

Imipramine, protryptaline, amitryptaline

Block cellular NE reuptake in CNS

Imipramine also blocks serotonin reuptake

12
Q

SSRI

A

Fluoxetine

Blocks serotonin reuptake

13
Q

Selegiline

A

Monismine oxidase B inhibitor that increases CNS dopamine levels

14
Q

Procainamide and mexilitine

A

Na channel blockers

Myokymia and neuromyotonia

15
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Phenothiazine derivative

Effects at D2 dopaminergic, M1 cholinergic, and a2 adrenergic receptors

Motion sickness

16
Q

Antihistamines

A

Diphenhydramine, meclizine

Also some anticholinergic effects

17
Q

Maropitant

A

MOA through antagonism of NK1 receptor which bind substance P at the emetic center and in particular at afferent inputs from the vestibular apparatus and cerebral cortex to the nucleus of the solitary tract

18
Q

Bethanechol

A

Parasympathomimetic used to facilitate detrusor muscle contraction in moth UMN and LMN bladder dysfunction

19
Q

Diazepam for bladder

A

Relaxing effect on striated muscle and is used to relax the external urethral sphincter in patients with UMN bladder dysfunction.
May also promote relaxation of the EUS by stimulating GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the sacral spinal cord

20
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha adrenergic antagonist that is used to decrease tone in the IUS. Mostly used with UMN bladder dysfunction but may be used in LMN cases

21
Q

Prazosin

A

Alpha1 antagonism for smooth muscle relaxation

22
Q

Phenylpropanolamine

A

Mixed adrenergic agonist (Beta sympathomimetic) that increases the tone of the IUS

Mostly used in hormone related incontinence

23
Q

Metoclopramide and cisapride for bladder

A

Increase detrusor contractility due to cholinergic activity

24
Q

Propranolol for bladder

A

Beta adrenergic agonist

Increase detrusor contractility

25
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Alpha adrenergic antagonist

High affinity for alpha 1A receptors in urethra

26
Q

Baclofen

A

Spinal reflex inhibiting drug that acts by decreasing activity of spinal cord motor neurons and interneurons

Decreases urethral resistance

Not recommended

27
Q

Dantrolene

A

Muscle relaxant that antagonizes calcium release from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum

Relaxes EUS

28
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Stimulates the release of insulin and glucagon which promotes the movement of K ions into muscle cells

29
Q

Dantrolene sodium

A

Blocks calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Malignant hyperthermia

30
Q

Edrophonium chloride

A

Ultrashort acting anticholinesterase agent

31
Q

Azathioprine

A

Cytotoxic antimetabolite that interferes with DNA synthesis
Reduces lymphocyte numbers and consequently Ig production
Specifically inhibits Tcell production

32
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Blocks the transcription of genes required for Tcell activation notably those encoding immunoregulatory cytokines including IL-2

33
Q

Mycophenolate mofetil

A

Inhibitor of purine synthesis in both T and B lymphocytes

Interferes with lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation of Tc cells, and antibody responses

34
Q

Leflunomide

A

Inhibits T and B cell proliferation, suppresses Ig production, and interferes with cell adhesion

35
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Cytotoxic alkylation haven’t that crosslinks DNA, disrupting nucleic acid function and inhibiting cell proliferation