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DRUGS Flashcards

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1
Q

action of morphine

A

relaxes vascular smooth muscle, reducing preload and after load

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2
Q

common side effects of morphine

A

respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, sedation, confusion, constipation, nausea, vomiting

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3
Q

pre and post of morphine

A
  • assess pain
  • respirations
  • BP
  • pulse
  • level of sedation
  • bowel function
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4
Q

why is atorvastatin (lipitor) used

A

management of primary cholesterol and mixed dyslipidemia

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5
Q

actions of atorvastatin (lipitor)

A
  • lowers total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides
  • slightly increases HDL
  • slows progression of atherosclerosis
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6
Q

common side effects of atorvastatin (lipitor)

A
  • abdominal cramps
  • constipation
  • diarrhea
  • flatus
  • heart burn
  • confusion
  • memory loss
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7
Q

pre and post for atorvastatin (lipitor)

A
  • diet history
  • monitor liver function
  • LDL and triglycerides
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8
Q

what is atorvastatin (lipitor) contraindicated in?

A

not good for pt’s with active liver disease

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9
Q

why is altepase used?

A

acute MI, ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, DVT

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10
Q

class of altepase?

A

thrombolytics

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11
Q

action of altepase

A

directly converts plasminogen to plasmin, degrading clot bound fibrin, dissolving the clot

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12
Q

class of nitroglycerin

A

nitrates

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13
Q

indication of nitroglycerin

A

acute/long term prophylactic management of angina

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14
Q

action of nitro

A

increase coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries

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15
Q

SE of nitro

A

dizziness, headache, hypotension, tachycardia

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16
Q

what is something to know when using nitroglycerin?

A

CAN ONLY USE 3 TIMES

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17
Q

pre and post assessment of nitro

A

assess angina pain, BP, and pulse

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18
Q

class of metoprolol

A

beta blocker

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19
Q

indications of metoprolol

A

treatment of angina and HTN, lowers HR

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20
Q

action of metoprolol

A

reduction in cardiac output (stroke volume) by blocking beta receptors

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21
Q

SE of metoprolol

A

bradycardia, inadequate cardiac output, bronchospasm, fatigue, weakness, HF, pulmonary edema

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22
Q

pre and post of metoprolol

A
  • BP
  • pulse
  • intake/output
  • signs of HF
  • angina attacks
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23
Q

contraindicated of metoprolol

A
  • not good in uncompensated HF and bradycardia and heart block
  • diabetics must closely monitor BG
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24
Q

hydroclorothiazide class

A

diuretic (thiazide)

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25
actions of hydroclorothiazide
- increasing excretion of sodium | - promotes excretion of chloride, potassium, magnesium and bicarbonate
26
indications of hydroclorothiazide
lowering BP and diuresis
27
SE of hydroclorothiazide
- hypokalemia - dehydration - hypotension - hyperG - weakness - rash
28
pre and post for hydroclorothiazide
- BP - intake/output - electrolytes (Na, K) - hydration status - BP and pulse - any rash - renal and hepatic function
29
class of furosemide
diuretic
30
indications of furosemide
- diuresis and modularization of excess fluid (edema due to HF, hepatic impairment or renal disease) - decreases BP
31
MOA of furosemide
- inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride | - increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium and calcium
32
SE of furosemide
- electrolyte imbalances - hypotension - dehydration - metabolic alkalosis - muscle cramps - hypotension - diarrhea - rash
33
pre and post furosemide
- electrolytes (na, K) - hydration status - BP and pulse - any rash - renal and hepatic function
34
what is something to know with furosemide
diabetics must monitor BG closely as it can raise levels
35
insulin lispro (humalog) indication
rapid acting insulin
36
MOA of lispro (humalog)
lowering BG by: stimulating uptake in skeletal muscle and fat and inhibiting hepatic glucose production
37
SE of lispro (humalog)
hypoG, anaphylaxis, hypokalemia, swelling
38
pre and post for lispro humalog
assess for S+S of hypoG, monitor body weight, assess for allergic reactions
39
onset, peak and duration for humalog?
onset: 10-15 min peak: 60-90 min duration: 3-5 hours
40
insulin glargine (lantus) indications
long acting insulin
41
MOA of glargine lantus
lowering BG by: stimulating uptake in skeletal muscle and fat and inhibiting hepatic glucose production
42
SE of glargine lantus
S+S of hypoG etc
43
pre and post for glargine lantus
same as for other insulins
44
what do you need to know for glargine lantus
CANNOT MIX WITH ANY OTHER INSULINS
45
whats the onset and duration of glargine lantus
onset: 90 min duration: 24hr
46
class of warfarin
anticoagulant
47
indications of warfarin
prevention of thrombolytic events
48
MOA of warfarin
interferes with the production of vitamin K dependent clotting factors
49
SE of warfarin
- cramps - nausea - bleeding - fever
50
pre and post of warfarin
- BP and HR - monitor PT-INR - assess for signs of bleeding/bruising
51
what to consider with warfarin?
- can take 3-5 days to reach therapeutic level - long half life: 1-3 days - antidote is vitamin K
52
ramipril class
ACE inhibtors
53
indications of ramipril
management of HTN and HF, reduction of risk of MI and stroke
54
MOA of ramipril
blocks angiotensin 1 to converting to 2 (works with vasoconst.) -if we block angio 2, we dilate the vessels which allows heart to not work as hard and decreases BP
55
SE of ramipril
- cough - hypotension - taste disturbances - fatigue - headache - drowsiness - hyperkalemia - angioedema - creatinine and electrolyte levels
56
class of digoxin
antiarrhythmics, inotropic
57
indications of digoxin
when you have heart failure, a-fib, and atrial flutter
58
MOA of digoxin
- increases cardiac output (pos. inotrope) and slows HR - increases force of myocardial contractions - prolongs refractory period of the AV node and decreases conduction through the SA and AV node
59
SE of digoxin
fatigue, bradycardia, arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, electrolyte imbalances
60
pre and post of digoxin
- monitor pulse (withhold if less than 60bpm) - BP - electrolytes levels - renal and hepatic function
61
what to know with digoxin
- narrow therapeutic index - contraindicated in uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, AV heart block, constrictive pericarditis - administer 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after
62
class of metformin
biguanides
63
indications of metformin
management of type 2 diabetes
64
MOA of metformin
- decreases hepatic glucose production - decreases intestinal glucose absorption - increases sensitivity to insulin
65
SE of metformin
abdominal bloating, diarrhea, N+V
66
pre and post of metformin
hypoG, lactic acidosis, assess glucose levels, renal Fx
67
things to know for metformin
- contraindicated with patients with renal impairment, HF, recent MI and stroke - monitor creatinine, >133 men and >112 women - metformin does not stimulate insulin release from the pancreas and therefor does not actively drive BG levels down
68
glipizide class
sulfonylureas
69
indication for glipizide
control of blood sugar in T2 DM
70
MOA of glipizide
- stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin - improves insulin action at receptor sites - may decrease hepatic insulin metabolism (break down)
71
SE of glipizide
hypoG, mild nausea, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, skin, rash, redness, or itching
72
pre and post for glipizide
assess for hypoG, monitor glucose, CBC
73
phenytoin class
antiarrhythmic, anticonvulsants
74
indications of phenytoin
treatment/prevention of tonic clonic (grand mal) seizures and complex partial seizures
75
MOA of phenytoin
limits seizure propagation by altering ion transport | -shortens action potentials (anti-arrhythmic)
76
SE of phenytoin
suicidal thoughts, ataxia, diplopia, nystagmus, hypotension, nausea, rash
77
pre/post of phenytoin
- hypersensitivity - mental status - seizures assessment - BP, ECG, resp - monitor CBC, calcium, hepatic function
78
things to know about phenytoin
use caution in hepatic and renal disease

N232 (9 decks)

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