Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY (FINALS) > DRUGS ACTION ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

DRUGS ACTION ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

a complex network collection of nerves and specialized cells known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body

A

Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When neurons communicate with their target tissues at synapses, they release a chemical substance called ___________

A

Neurotransmitters (ligands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

As this communication is mediated with chemical substances, the process is called ____________ and happens within chemical synapses.

A

Chemical neurotransmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moods and emotions flow through the various thoughts, feelings and actions of individuals which are communicated throughout the ___________ by chemical neurotransmitters.

A

Central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the major neurotransmitters?

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and enhances the effects of the action potential

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It prevents an action potential

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most powerful inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GAMA-AMINOBUTYRIC (GABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It has been found to be intimately involved in emotion and mood

A

SEROTONIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When GABA is abnormally low this can lead to ________

A

Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reduce neuronal excitability

A

GAMA-AMINOBUTYRIC (GABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A special type of neurotransmitter because its effects are both excitatory and inhibitory

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Insufficient secretion of serotonin may result in decreased immune system function, as well as a range of emotional disorders like

A

depression
anger control problems
obsessive-compulsive disorder
even suicidal tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Regulates sleep, wakefulness and mood as well as the delusions, hallucinations and withdrawal of schizophrenia

A

Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It is a neurotransmitter secreted by the neurons of the substantia nigra

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

It regulates the body temperature, perception of pain, emotion, and sleep cycles

A

Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inhibit unnecessary movements, inhibits the release of prolactin, and stimulated the secretion of growth hormone

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drugs and alcohol abuse can temporarily increase dopamine level in the blood, leading to ______ and ________

A

Confusion and inability to focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

NOREPINEPHERINE (NE) is also known as _____

A

Noradrenaline (Nad)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Increase the level of alertness and wakefulness, stimulates various process of the body

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Implicated in mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, in which case its concentration in the body is very low

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Its main function is to stimulate muscle contraction Plays a role in sleep and wakefulness

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It is associated with control of arousal, attention, vigilance, mood, affect, and anxiety

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It is a excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by neurons that innervate muscle cells, basal ganglia, preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system, and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Abnormally high concentrations of norepinephrine may lead to ________
Impaired sleep cycle
26
Involved with thinking, planning, and interpreting
Norepinephrine
27
Results from dopamine deficiency
Parkinson's Disease
28
involved in regulation of cognition, emotional responses and motivation
Dopamine containing neurons
29
Are group of mental illnesses that cause constant and overwhelming anxiety and fear
Anxiety Disorder
30
State of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness that stems from anticipation of danger the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized
Anxiety
31
It’s your brain’s way of reacting to stress and alerting your potential danger ahead
Anxiety
32
WHAT ARE THE TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF ANXIETY?
Primary Anxiety Secondary Anxiety
33
The cause is not by medical condition or drugs
Primary Anxiety
34
The cause is related to selected drugs, medical, or psychiatric disorders
Secondary Anxiety
35
What are the types of Anxiety Disorder?
SITUATIONAL ANXIETY GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER PANIC DISORDER PHOBIAS OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
36
Fearful feelings attached to situations or objects
Phobias
37
Fear of crowds
Social Anxiety
38
Common phobias include _________
fear of snakes, spiders, crowds or height
39
A type of situational anxiety that develops in response to re-experiencing a previous life event
PTSD
40
Difficult to control, your excessive anxiety, unrealistic worry and tension with little or no reason that lasts 6 months or more
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
41
Most common type of stress
GAD
42
Characterized by intense feelings of immediate apprehension, fearfulness, terror or impending doom accompanied by increased autonomic nervous system activities that brings panic attack
Panic dosorder
43
During panic attack, you may break out in sweat, have chest pain, and have a pounding heartbeat (palpitations) that will last less than _______
10 mins
44
Symptoms include: restlessness, fatigue, muscle tension, nervousness, inability to focus or concentrate, and sleep disturbance
GAD
45
Anxiety experienced by people faced with a stressful environment
Situational anxiety
46
beneficial because it motivates people to accomplish tasks in a prompt manner
Situational anxiety
47
Cognitive behavioral therapy Counselling Biofeedback techniques Meditation and other complimentary therapies Relaxation technique Psychotherapy Support group
NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR ANXIETY
48
Drugs of choice for various anxiety disorders and short-term insomnia
BENZODIAZEPINES
49
From root word ________ refers to an aromatic compound, one having a carbon ring structure attached to different atoms or to another carbon ring
“BENZO”
50
BENZODIAZEPINES IS USED AS_______
anti-convulsant, sedative hypnotics, pre-operative drugs and anxiolytics
51
Enhance the action of _______, an inhibitory neurotransmitter within the CNS
GABA
52
Benzodiazepines – categorized as scheduled ____ drugs
IV
53
Chlorodiazepoxide (Librium) Diazepam (Valium) Lorazepam (Ativan) Midazolam (Versed) Halazepam (Paxipam)
Example of Benzodiazepines
54
Benzodiazepine that has a rapid onset time 15-30 minutes to reach peak serum levels
Midazolam (Versed)
55
Benzodiazepine that takes 1 to 3 hours to reach peak serum levels
Halazepam (Paxipam)
56
First and most widely used benzodiazepines.
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE (LIBRIUM) AND DIAZEPAM (VALIUM)
57
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE is given via ___
PO, IV, IM
58
Used also for its sedative effect
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE
59
Give two examples of benzodiazepine that If given IV, it should monitor carefully owing a rapid onset of CNS and possible respiratory depression
LORAZEPAM (ATIVAN) DIAZEPAM (VALIUM)
60
Mild to moderate anxiety
Lorazepam
61
Lorazepam can control ____
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
62
For anxiety, muscle spasm, seizure disorders
Diazepam
63
For pre-operative sedation/use as induction agents for general anesthesia
Diazepam
64
Diazepam promotes ______
Central muscle relaxation
65
Benzodiazepine is a lipid non soluble
False
66
Benzodiazepine is absorbed readily in the
GI tract
67
Benzodiazepine is excreted in ____
Urine
68
Benzodiazepine is a highly protein bound
TRUE
69
Benzodiazepine must be prescribed no more that ____ week
3-4
70
What are the side effects oof benzodiazepine?
Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, confusion Lethargy, ataxia, headache, dry mouth Blurred vision, urinary incontinence Memory problems, muscle weakness
71
Adverse effect of benzodiazepine
Acute hyperexcited states, hallucinations Increased muscle spasticity, renal impairment, respiratory impairment due to hypersalivation Congenital defects among women who are pregnant
72
Antidote for Benzodiazepines such as diazepam (valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and midazolam (versed) and must be administered intravenously (IV)
FLUMAZENIL (ROMAZICON)
73
Benzodiazepines are contraindicated in
narrow angle glaucoma
74
Why do you need to use benzodiazepine cautiously for patients with a suicidal potential
it may increase the risk of suicide
75
______ are used illegally for recreation, most often by adolescents, young adults, and opioid or cocaine addicts
Benzodiazepine
76
Why does benzodiazepine are not recommended in pregnant or nursing women?
Benzodiazepines cross the placenta and excrete in breast milk
77
Inform that the effective response of benzodiazepines is _______ weeks
1 to 2 weeks

PHARMACOLOGY (FINALS) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions