Drugs Affecting CNS transmitters

Question 1

Chemicalsused to signal across neurons.

Answer 1

Neurotransmitters

Question 2

Where does the neurotransmitter stored?

Answer 2

In the pre-synaptic neurons

Question 3

How does the action of a neurotransmitter is terminated?

Answer 3

1- re-uptake by a transporter.

2- destroyed by a catabolic enzyme.

Question 4

What are the major types of neurotransmitters in the CNS?

Answer 4

1- simple amino acids.
2- chatecholamine / amines / purines.
3- neuropeptides.

Question 5

List three simple amino acids neurotransmitters?

Answer 5

“3Gs”
Glutamate - Glycine - Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)

(Fast neurotransmitters)

Question 6

Which type of neurotransmitters has the highest concentration?

Answer 6

The simple amino acids

Question 7

Dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline are.

Answer 7

Catecholamines

Question 8

Acetylcholine and 5HT are.

Answer 8

Amines

Question 9

ATP and adenosine are

Answer 9

Purines

Question 10

What of the following neurotransmitters is the slowest?

1- Enkephalin.
2- Acetylcholine.
3- Glutamate.
4- Glycine.

Answer 10

Enkephalin

Question 11

Which one is faster ionotropic or metapotropic receptors?

Answer 11

Ionotropic

Question 12

What is the effect of cocaine on dopamine?

Answer 12

1- Cocaine inhibit the re-uptake of dopamine.

2- Cocaine increase the levels of dopamine.

Question 13

Deficiency of NA and 5HT can lead to.

Answer 13

Clinical depression

Question 14

An activator of 5HT receptor.

Answer 14

LSD

Question 15

How does antidepressants arguments the transmission of NA and 5HT?

Answer 15

Inhibiting the re-uptake of NA and 5HT or inhibiting the activation of the catabolic enzymes (MAO)

Question 16

What metabolizes NA and 5HT?

Answer 16

Monoamine oxidase

Question 17

What are the dopamine pathways? And what are the main effects?

Answer 17

Nigrostriatal pathway - Motor control.

mesocortical/mesolimbic pathway - Behavior.

Question 18

A drug used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

Answer 18

Bromocriptine

Question 19

D2 antagonist, used for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Answer 19

Haloperidol

Question 20

NT inhibitor used for the treatment of depression.

Answer 20

Desipramine

Question 21

Activation of Ach neurons is associated with.

Answer 21

Cognition, memory and learning

Question 22

Deficiency of cholinergic function leads to.

Answer 22

Memory loss “Alzheimer’s disease”

Question 23

What is the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 23

1- shrinkage of temporal cortex and frontal lobes (by 20%).
2- the presence of diffuse plaque.
3- the presence of neurofibrillary tangles.
4- 70% loss of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT).
5- decreased Ach release.

Question 24

What are the symptoms of senile dementia Alzheimer’s type (SDAT)?

Answer 24

• Impaired memory and concentration
• Loss of orientation.
• Personality and mood alteration.
• Aphasia. (Loss of language)
• Apraxia. (Loss of purposeful movements)
• Agnosia. (Loss of recognition of objects)

Question 25

Ach E inhibitor, which can be used inAlzheimer’s disease.

Answer 25

Tacrine

Question 26

Epilepsy can be caused either by.

Answer 26

Increased excitatory or Decreased inhibitory transmission

Question 27

What is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Answer 27

L-glutamate

Question 28

A neurotransmitter associated with consciousness and neural excitability.

Answer 28

Glutamate

Question 29

Glutamate antagonist used as an anesthetic.

Answer 29

Ketamine

Question 30

Activates NMDA receptors.

Answer 30

Glutamate

Question 31

Inhibitors of NMDA activation.

Answer 31

Ketamine + Phencyclidine

Question 32

Known as angel dust.

Answer 32

Phencyclidine ( PCP )

Question 33

What is the difference between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

Answer 33

Ionotropic: binding of the neurotransmitter stimulates entry of ions via ligand gated receptor channel.
Metabotropic: binding of the neurotransmitter stimulates the production of a second messenger via G-protein.