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Pharmacology > Drugs Affecting the PNS (Part 1) > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting the PNS (Part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

The autonomic nervous system innervates organs with _____.

A

Involuntary functions

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2
Q

Autonomic function = _____.

A

No control

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3
Q

Most organs have _____ control.

A

Dual, having inout from both the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems

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4
Q

What is the visible effect on organs at any given time?

A

The net input between the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems

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5
Q

Define resting tone.

A

The resting level of activity in the normal animal

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6
Q

The somatic nervous system innervates organs with _____.

A

Voluntary functions

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7
Q

Somatic function = _____.

A

Conscious control

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8
Q

The autonomic nervous system originates in the _____.

A

CNS

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9
Q

What regions of the body does the parasympathetic system originate from?

A

Craniosacral

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10
Q

What regionals of the body does the sympathetic system originate from?

A

Thoracolumbar

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11
Q

What does medullary outflow deal with?

A

Cranial nerves

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12
Q

What does sacral outflow deal with?

A

S2-S4 sacral spinal segments

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13
Q

What is included in craniosacral?

A

1: Medullary outflow
2: Sacral outflow
3: Long pre-ganglionic neuron
4: Short post-ganglionic neuron

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14
Q

What is included in thoracolumbar?

A

1: Spinal segments along the T-L region
2: Short pre-ganglionic neuron
3: Long post-ganglionic neuron

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15
Q

What is the pre-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the PSNS?

A

Acetylcholine (nicotinic)

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16
Q

What is the post-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the PSNS?

A

Acetylcholine (muscarinic)

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17
Q

What is the pre-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the SNS?

A

Acetylcholine

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18
Q

What is the post-ganglionic neurotransmitter for the SNS?

A

Norepinephrine

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19
Q

Where is acetylcholine released from?

A

Pre-ganglionic neuron

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20
Q

What is acetylcholine broken down by?

A

Cholinesterases

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21
Q

Where is norepinephrine released from?

A

Synaptic nerve endings

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22
Q

Where is epinephrine released from?

A

Adrenal glands

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23
Q

What are some the other important neurotransmitters we discussed?

A

1: Dopamine
2: Histamine
3: Serotonin
4: Nitrix Oxide (NO)

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24
Q

What are the important PNS receptors?

A

1: Cholinergic
2: Adrenergic
3: Other - Vasopressin

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25
What are the subgroups of the cholinergic receptor?
1: Nicotinic 2: Muscarinic
26
What are the subgroups of the adrenergic receptor?
1: Alpha 2: Beta
27
Acetylcholine is a _____.
Agonist
28
Nicotinic receptors are _____.
Ionotropic receptors
29
Muscarinic receptors are _____.
Metabotropic receptors
30
What are the subtypes of nicotinic receptors we discussed?
Nm - Meuromuscular junction (NMJ) | Nn - CNS and autonomic ganglia
31
What effects do muscarinic receptor produce?
Parasympathomimetic effects
32
What are the subtypes of muscarinic receptors?
M1-M5
33
Which of the muscarinic receptors are stimulatory?
M1, M3 and M5
34
Which of the muscarinic receptors are inhibitory?
M2 and M4
35
What are the most common locations for M1 muscarinic receptors?
1: Smooth muscle of the GI tract 2: Smooth muscles of the urinary bladder 3: Myocardium 4: Exocrine Glands
36
What effects do M1 muscarinic receptors have on the smooth muscle of the GI tract?
1: Increase in gastric secretion 2: Smooth muscle contratcion
37
What effects do M1 muscarininc receptors have on the myocardium?
Decreases heart rate
38
What effects do M1 muscarinic receptors have on the exocrine glands?
Increase in exocrine secretions
39
What are the SLUDD signs?
1: Salivation 2: Lacrimation 3: Urination 4: Digestion 5: Defecation
40
Cathecholamines are _____.
Agonists
41
What are the alpha and beta receptor?
Metabotropic g-coupled receptors
42
What are the alpha receptors?
1: Alpha-1 2: Alpha-2
43
What are the beta receptors?
1: Beta-1 2: Beta-2
44
Describe the alpha-1 receptors.
1: Most common 2: Vascular smooth muscle 3: Vasoconstriction 4: Increase blood pressure (MAP) 5: Mydriasis 6: Sphincter contraction of urinary bladder and GI tract 7: Glycogenolysis
45
Describe the alpha-2 receptors.
1: Brain and spinal cord 2: Vascular endothelium 3: Endocrine organs 4: Decrease insulin 5: Decrease renin 6: Decrease NE release 7: Decrease pancreatic secretion
46
Describe the beta-1 receptors.
1: Myocardium 2: Adipose tissue 3: Increase heart rate 4: Increase cardiac contractility 5: Lipolysis 6: Smooth muscle relaxation 7: Increase renin -- > Increase Blood pressure
47
Describe the beta-2 receptors.
1: Airway smooth muscle 2: Vascular smooth muscle 3: Bronchodilation 4: Vasodilation 5: Smooth muscle relaxation 6: Increase blood to skeletal muscle 7: Cycloplegia 8: Glycogenolysis 9: Increase insulin 10: Increase NE release
48
Antidiurectic hormone (ADH) and Arginine vasopressin (AVP) are _____
Vasopressin receptors
49
Where are Antidiurectic hormone (ADH) and Arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesized?
Hypothalamus
50
Where are Antidiurectic hormone (ADH) and Arginine vasopressin (AVP) stored?
Pituitary
51
What are Antidiurectic hormone (ADH) and Arginine vasopressin (AVP) released from and what are they released into?
Vesicles into circulation
52
Why are Antidiurectic hormone (ADH) and Arginine vasopressin (AVP) released?
In response to extracellular fluid hypertonicity
53
What are the vasopressin receptors?
V1-V3
54
What are the main effects of Antidiurectic hormone (ADH) and Arginine vasopressin (AVP)?
1: Increases the amount of solute-free water reabsorbed back into circulation by renal tubular cells --- > main site of action is collecting ducts 2: Arteriolar vasoconstriction ---> increases peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)
55
Describe V1 receptors.
1: Vascular smooth muscle vasoconstriction and preferentially shunts blood to the CNS and heart 2: Aggregation of platelets 3: Inhibits renin release in juxtoglomerular cells
56
Describe V2 receptors.
1: Increase water permeability, aquaporins and urea ports in the renal collecting ducts 2: vWF release in endothelial cells 3: Aggregation of platelets 4: Vasodilation of vascular endothelium
57
Describe V3 receptors.
Negative feedback for ADH and stimulates ACTH release in pituitary gland
58
How are autonomic drugs classified?
1: Mimetics 2: Lytics
59
Define mimetics.
Drugs that stimulate (mimic) autonomic input or effects
60
Define lytics
Drugs that block (lyse) autonomic input or effects
61
Direct-acting autonomic drugs are _____ and _____.
Agonists and Antagonists
62
Direct-acting autonomic drugs act _____.
Directly on the receptor
63
Indirect-acting autonomic drugs have _____.
Non-receptor interactions
64
What are the sympathetic effects on the eye?
1: Relaxation of ciliary muscle 2: Contraction of the iris radial muscle 3: Decrease aqueous humor production
65
What are the parasympathetic effects on the eye?
1: Contraction of ciliary muscle 2: Contraction of the iris sphincter muscle
66
What are the sympathetic effects on the heart?
1: Increased heart rate 2: Increased contractility 3: Increased automaticity and conduction of AV node
67
What are the parasympathetic effects on the heart?
1: Decreased heart rate 2: Decreased contractility 3: Decreased AV node conduction
68
What are the sympathetic effects on the vasculature?
1: Vasoconstriction (Alpha-1 and V1) 2: Vasodilation (Beta-2 and V2) 3: Various vasoconstriction and vasodilation (Alpha-2)
69
What are the parasympathetic effects on the vasculature?
1: Indirect vasodilation through release of NO
70
What are the sympathetic effects on the the lung?
1: Bronchodilation (Beta-2) 2: Increase in cilia synchronicity (Beta-2) 3: Increase pulmonary blood flow (Beta-1)
71
What are the para sympathetic effects on the lung?
1: Bronchoconstriction 2: Increase respiratory secretions
72
What are the sympathetic effects on the GI tract?
1: Decrease motility 2: Closure of sphincters and increased tone 3: Inhibit secretion (All by Alpha-1, Beta-1 and Beta-2)
73
What are the parasympathetic effects on the GI tract?
1: Increase motility 2: Relaxation of sphincters and decreased tone 3: Stimulate secretion (All by M1)
74
What are the sympathetic effects on the urinary bladder?
1: Relaxation of detrusor muscle (Beta-2) 2: Contraction of internal urethral sphincter ( Alpha-1)
75
What are the parasympathetic effects on the urinary bladder?
1: Contraction of detrusor muscle 2: Relaxation of internal urethral sphincter (All by M1)

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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