drugs and diseases Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
drugs stimulate liver enzymes
A
rifampicin for TB
phenytoin for epilepsy
2
Q
rifampicin drug for ?
A
TB
3
Q
phenytoin drug for ?
A
epilepsy
4
Q
drugs inhibet liver enzymes :
A
cimetidine for peptic
ulcer
erythromycin which is an antibiotic (macrolide)
5
Q
cimetidine drug for
A
peptic ulcer
6
Q
erythromycin drug is an
A
antibiotic (macrolide)
7
Q
cimetidine drug for ?
ME enhancer or inhibitor
A
peptic ulcer
metabolism inhibitor
8
Q
ciproflaxocin is ME enhancer or inhibitor
A
inhibitor
9
Q
isonizide is ME enhancer or inhibitor
A
inhibitor
10
Q
carbamezepine is ME enhancer or inhibitor
A
enhancer
11
Q
phenobarbitone is ME enhancer or inhibitor
A
enhancer
12
Q
phenytoin is ME enhancer or inhibitor
A
enhancer
13
Q
Aspirin is anti____ and ____
A
antiplatelets as well as analgesic
14
Q
warfarin is an ______
half life + why
A
anticoagulant drug
36h it binds protein in 99%
15
Q
amoxicillin is a ____ its half life ___
dose per day ?
A
antibiotic
8h
3*/d
16
Q
levodopa drug for ____ disease
half life ___
___ per day
A
parkinson
4h
6*
17
Q
example for a drug that change the cell permeability
A
local anesthetics
18
Q
some drugs target to inhibit nucleic acid synthesis what kind of drugs are they ?
A
- Anticancer drugs
19
Q
patients who suffer from burning sensation in the stomach we give him ?
A
antacids
20
Q
other name for diclofenac sodium
A
voltaren
21
Q
antacids are pills used for?
A
patients who suffer from burning sensation in the stomach, due to gastritis or peptic ulcer.
22
Q
asthma patient we give him ______agonist
and not ____ & _____ agonist
A
adrenergic
b blocker / ach
23
Q
bethanochol
is _____ _/agonist
treats
A
ach agonist
post-operative GI paralysis of urinary retention (not mechanical obstruction)
24
Q
post-operative GI paralysis of urinary retention we use
A
bethanochol
25
Sjogren’s syndrome treated by
Pilocarpine
26
glaucoma treated by (topically)
Pilocarpine
27
Pilocarpine
is _____ _/agonist
treats
ach agonist
| orally in Sjogren’s syndrome & mouth dryness, topical in glaucoma
28
contraindication for ach agonist (Pilocarpine)
```
asthma
SOPD
obstruction GI
peptic ulcer
bradycardia cases
```
29
used for diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis
Edrophonium
30
```
Physostigmine
is _____ _/agonist
treats
antidose for _____overdose
BBB penetrate ?
```
ach agonist (indirect reversible)
constipation, urine retention (oral)
atopine
yes
31
constipation, urine retention cases we give _____ _/agonist : _______
ach agonist
| Physostigmine
32
reverse surgery induced paralysis, paralytic ileus (oral\SC), atonic bladder, nasal spray + MG
treated by : _____ _/agonist : _______
ach agonist
| neostigmine
33
Neostigmine (prototype)
is _____ _/agonist
treats
ach agonist
| reverse surgery induced paralysis, paralytic ileus (oral\SC), atonic bladder, nasal spray + MG
34
________ Used in chronic management of Myasthenia gravis (oral), protection in chemical war
Pyridostigmine ( ach agonist)
35
Rivastigmine used for
delay the progression of the Alzheimer's disease
36
only therapeutic use (of irreversible ach agonist ) is the drug ______
Echothiopate
37
Echothiopate treats
glaucoma
38
glaucoma treated
topically by____
locally ____
Pilocarpine
| Echothiopate
39
Treat myasthenia gravis:
neostigmine, pyridostigmine orally
40
Alzheimer :
rivastigmine
41
BY ACH ANTIGGONIST diarrhea treated by
atopine
42
```
Atropine (prototype): -
1-Antidote for :
2-induce _____ during ophthalmic examination
3-treat ____cardia by _____
treat
4-Pre-anesthetic how / why ?
5-good for Parkinson disease how ?: .
6-what does it beneficial to GI
```
1- any cholinergic agonist
2-mydriasis
3-Bronchodilator in the lungs, causes Tachycardia in the heart
4-Reduce all secretions, bronchodilator, Anti-emetic
5-reduce involuntary movement & rigidity, control sialorrhea.
6-Antispasmodic in GI & treat diarrhea. Urine retention (treat urge incontinence in overactive bladder)
43
drug for Parkinson disease
atopine
44
drug control sialorrhea.
atopine
45
drug for COPD & asthma :
Ipratropium
46
prophylaxis in motion sickness :
Scopolamine
47
Tropicamide for
To dilate pupil
48
To decrease bladder overactivity
(oxybutynin)
49
drug for eye examination
atropine
50
why atropine cause dryness
because Tissues most sensitive to Atropine are the salivary, bronchial and sweat glands
51
Phenylephrine for?
induce mydriasis only without cycloplegic effect
52
The cause of death in atropine overdose is ?
hyperthemia ( due to decrease all secretions )
53
in bradycardia condition we use?
Atropine
54
in parkinson & dystonia diseases we use ?
benztropine
55
benztropine for
parkinson & dystonia diseases
56
one of atropine side effect is Seizures are controlled by
an antiseizure drug called diazepam
57
diazepam is ?
antiseizure drug
58
why physostigmine are given in small doses ?
because it has risk to cause paralysis or bradycardia which are life threatening
conditions.
59
situations in which we don’t want the patient to memorize something like their surgery we give him ?
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
60
in asthma and CODP cases we give
Ipratropium
61
Respiratory disorders we give
Ipratropium
62
Ophthalmologic Disorders: To dilate pupil we give
Tropicamide
63
Cardiovascular Disorders: Sinus bradycardia. we give
atropine
64
Anesthetic premedication
Scopolamine/Hyoscine, Atropine
65
To suppress gastric acid secretion
pirenzepine
66
Gastrointestinal Disorders: As antispasmodic
Scopolamine/Hyoscine
67
oxybutynin is used for
To decrease bladder overactivity
68
for Cholinergic Poisoning
atropine
69
Phentermine side effect
cardiovascular disorders like arrhythmia
70
→ patient suffer from benign prostate hyperplasia we give him
alpha 1 antagonist.
71
drug that
treat overactive bladders
decrease overreactive
mirabageron (adrenergic agonist)
| oxybutynin (antiag ach)
72
drug that have amnesic effect
Scopolamine
73
Prevention of motion sickness
(Hyoscine)Scopolamine
74
phenylephrine is ____ _/agonist
| used for ?
adrenergic agonist
| nasal decongestion
75
alpha 1 blocker drugs used for ?
treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
76
clonidine is ____ _/ agonist for ?
hypertension treatment
77
yohimbine is ____ _/ agonist for___?
alpha2 antagonist
→ research drugs
78
_______receptor stimulation will increase renin release
beta 1
79
_____ blocker should be avoided in patients suffering from bronchial asthma
beta
80
_______ receptor + drug used in the management of bronchial asthma
beta 2 agonist (aulbutamol -salmetrol formetrol )
81
_____ blocker should be avoided in patients suffering from bronchial asthma
beta2
82
Dobutamine is ____agonist for
beta 1
| cardiogenic shock
83
_______ for ADHD children
Amphetamine
84
cocaine is ?
| for?
indirect adrenergic receptor
for local anesthetic
local VasoContraction
85
```
Patients can't be treated by local anesthesia with epinephrine are patients
suffering from:
Tachycardia (heart rate
exceeds the normal),
hypertension and angina
so we give them ?
```
plain local anesthetic drug
86
indication as dentistry for epinephrine is
Gingival retraction cords: (gingivectomy)
local anesthetic
anaphylaxis(as antihistamine)
87
The usage of neuromuscular blockers:
- During surgery complete muscle relaxation __recover quickly and completely after surgery
- to give less dose than that needed for general anesthesia thus reducing its risk for respiratory and CVS depression.
- In facilitating intubation.
- Endotracheal intubation
88
list the drugs can be delivered via endotracheal intubation
```
NAVEL (adults) -LANE
Naloxone Lidocaine
Atropine Atropine
Vasopressin Naloxone
Epinephrine Epinephrine
Lidocaine
succinylcholine
```
89
Naloxone can be given via ?
endotracheal intubation
90
Lidocaine can be given via ?
endotracheal intubation
91
Vasopressin can be given via ?
endotracheal intubation
92
NAVEL can be given via ?
endotracheal intubation
93
```
pancuranium is
__________ _/agonist
_____ blocker
___ __/polarizing
action ?
over come by ?
direct / indirect nicotinic receptor?
```
```
competetive antagonist
NM
non DEpolarizing
inhibit muscular contraction. Without receptor stimulation _ paralysis
increadirectsing Ach
```
94
dantrolene used for ?
decreasing the calcium level
95
succinylchole side effects can be over come by ?
dantrolene & Cooling of the patient
96
succinylcholine causes a apnea in which case ?
AChE deficiency
97
succinylcholine SIDE EFFECT ?
apnea(AChE deficient patient) & Malignant hyperthermia
98
succinylcholine onset of action ?why ?
5min because of AChE
99
```
succinylcholine is an
_____ _/agonist
____ blocker / enhancer
___ depolarizing
action on nicotic receptor
```
competitive
NM
-
shortest duration of action of all muscle relaxants.
100
Therapeutic use of succinylcholine ?
➢ Endotracheal intubation.
| ➢ commonly used as the sole muscle relaxant during electroconvulsive therapy
101
drug that decrease the release of acetylcholine
• Botulinum toxin
102
ex for Selective α1 agonists
Phenylephrine
103
_______drug for urine relaxant & asthma
Salbutamol
104
Salbutamol is _____ _/agonist
b1 agonist
105
for treatment of opioid withdrawal ?
lofexidine
106
captagon causes ?
CVS disorders like ventricular fibrillation and cerebral hemorrhage.
107
Captagon is made of الكبت
fenethylline and amphetamine
108
for esophageal varices we use
propranolol+ nadolol
109
for Infantile hemangiomas ?
propranolol
110
The side effect of Beta- blockers:{5}
1- Bronchoconstriction.
2- Hypotension, Bradycardia.
3- Cold extremities because they decrease blood flow to the
extremities by decreasing outflow of the heart.
4- Nightmares, vivid dreams.
5- Masking symptoms of hypoglycemia. (All symptoms except
sweating).
6- Prolongation of insulin-induced hypoglycemia.7- Fatigue (DUE TO reduce CO).
111
How the B-blockers masking symptoms of hypoglycemia?
- Beta blocker will lead to hypoglycemia (decrease glucose level).
- Diabetes patient with hypoglycemia will feel this by sympathetic symptoms (tachycardia,
tremor, sweating, palpitation), beta blocker will mask all hypoglycemia symptoms except
sweating (because sweat glands have muscarinic receptor).
112
- Drugs that lead to hypoglycemia are
insulin or oral sulfonylurea.
113
cardioselective beta blocker is ?
Atenolol
114
_______ used for Stable angina / diabetic hypertensive patients who are receiving insulin or oral antidiabetic agent
Atenolol
115
Timolol skip
atenolol
116
Timolol is
selective/non ______ agonist/antagonist
used for
Nonselective, blocks B1and B2
local use in the eye because it lacks local anesthetic properties.
open-angle glaucoma.
- It reduces aqueous humor production through blockage of β receptors on the ciliary epithelium
117
the diuretic drug that it is use in initial therapy or hypertension is ?
thiazides diuretics
118
in severe HTN combination drug of ?
sympathoplegic , Angiotensin antagonist & vasodilator drugs
119
respond to thiazide diuretics reduce the blood pressure within about
4-6w
120
side .E of thiazide diuretics?[5]
```
Cause electrolyte imbalance
❑ Hyper-uricemia. (At high dose).
❑ Hyperglycemia.( At high dose)
❑ Hypokalemia.
❑ Hypercalcemia
```
121
case of using loop Diuretics
when fluid overload in the body such as pulmonary edema→ the cause it heart failure
122
S.E of loop diuretics :[3]
Hypocalcaemia. (inhibit Ca2+ reabsorption)
Hypokalemia.
Ototoxicity: transient and occur with rapid IV infusion
123
Hypokalemia (cause by loop and thiazide) increases the risk of
drug-induced ventricular tachycardia
the risk for ischemic ventricular fibrillation
the leading cause of sudden cardiac death
major contributor to cardiovascular mortality in treated hypertensive patients.
124
Hypokalemia needs to be avoided
| how ?
combining a thiazide with inhibitors of the RAS or with a K+-sparing diuretic
125
Favorable indication for thiazide:
❑ HTN with osteoporosis.
❑ HTN with recurrent renal stones.
Thiazides are sometimes useful in the prevention of calcium-containing kidney stones
126
Favorable indication for loop:
Fluid overload: heart failure ,renal disease -pulmonary edema
127
______diuretics are commonly used in HTN
thiazide
128
gynecomastia in males and menstrual irregularities in females is a side effect of _____ drug
Spironolactone
129
______ is recommended therapy for hypertension when concomitant heart disease is present ( stable angina, SVT, post MI)
β blockers
130
Cardio-selective beta blockers: are _____ blocker
beta 1
131
Cardio-selective beta blockers are used for asthma patient
metoporolol
atelol
nebivolol
132
patients with hypertension and heart failure we use
metoprolol
133
Tenormin + diuretic Thiazide combined in a pill as ?
Tenoretic
134
beta blocker Favorable indication:
- Hyperthyroidism.
- Essential tremor
- Migraine
135
in Essential tremor we use ____ _/agonist
beta antagonist
136
Verapamil+ B-Blocker causes ? may lead to ?
-ve inotropic and chronotropic effects.
| This canlead to cardiac arrest
137
some patients bradykinin can lead to angioedema that can be treated by ?
Ep
138
first-line in hypertensive diabetic patients is ?
ACEi/ARB
139
hibiscus tea is very similar to ____ drugs as ____
ACEi
| captopril/enalopril
140
for hypertension and angina we use
CCD drugs
141
The most common tocolytic agents used for the treatment of preterm labor
- Nifedipine(Dihydropyridine)
142
to treat angina and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and prophylaxis of migraine and cluster headaches
Verapamil (Non-dihydropyridine)
143
drug may cause gingival hyperplasia
Nifedipine
144
treatment of mild-moderate hypertension in pregnancy
methyldopa
145
When the patient is having resistant hypertension we give him
Clonidine
146
Treatment of hypertension complicated by ___disease
renal
