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3rd year > drugs cc lec > Flashcards

drugs cc lec Flashcards

1
Q

relationship between the amount of exposure and how the body would react in response or doeses that person intakes (pharmacodynamics)

A

dose-response relationship

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2
Q

drug with high affinity for its target receptor is more likely to produce a therapeutic effect at lower concentrations

A

receptor binding affinity

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3
Q

the amt of concentraition of a drug needed to produce specific effect

A

potency

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4
Q

maximum effect or therapeutic response that a drug can produce, regardless of dose

A

efficacy

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5
Q

transfer of drug from its site of administration to blood flow and the three major factors affecting it

A

absorption

  • route of administration
  • blood flow
  • concentration gradient
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6
Q

process wherein drug reversibly leaves the bloodstream and enters the target organ

A

distribution

  • size of organ
  • solubility
  • blood flow
  • protein binding
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7
Q

drugs are chemically altered in the body

A

metabolism

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8
Q

3 metabolic fates

A
  • termination of drug action
  • drug activation
  • elimination without metabolism
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9
Q

drugs are metabolized into biologically inactive derivatives

A

termination of drug action

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10
Q

prodrugs are metabolized in the body to become active

A

drug activation

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11
Q

some drugs are not modified by the body and continue to act until they are excreted

A

elimination without metabolism

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12
Q

termination of drug action

A

eliminationr

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13
Q

release of drugs or their metabolites in the urine, stool, bile, exhaled air

A

excretiond

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14
Q

duration of drug action is determined by? (2)

A
  • dose administered
  • rate of elikmination following last dose
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15
Q

basis on how long will the drug be staying in our body before being fully removed

A

half life

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16
Q

aromatic cmpnd produced in cigarettes and exhausts of engines; causes lung cancer

A

benzopyrene

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17
Q

preservatives in red meats; causes colon cancer

A

nitrites

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18
Q

produced by fungus Aspergillus spp; causes hepatocellular carcinoma

A

aflatoxin

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19
Q

substance usually used as food preservative, starting chemical for other chemicals
- exposure to radiation

both causes acute leukemia

A

benzene, ionizing radiation

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20
Q

primarily used to make heart plastic resin

A

vinyl chloride

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21
Q

administered to patients who will undergo CT scan/MRI to enhance clear picture

A

thorotrast (Dye)

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22
Q

both vinyl chloride and thorotrast causes what cancer

A

angiosarcoma

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23
Q

occupational hazard, common to construction workers; dust-like structure; common in construction sites

causes lung cancer and mesothelioma

A

asbestos

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24
Q

carcinogens bind to what

A

DNA

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25
Q

encoded proteins or oncoproteinsl abnormal and cause mutations and certain conditions

GCMS (method of choice)

A

oncogenese

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26
Q

pesticide, binds to ferric state of iron and inactivates iron-containing enzymes

A

cyanide

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27
Q

inhibits electron transport and induces cell death

A

cyanide

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28
Q

cleared by rapid enzymatic conversion to thiocyanate through renal filtration

A

cyanide

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29
Q

primary sources include gasoline engines, improper ventilated furnaces, wood or plastic fires

A

carbon monoxide

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30
Q

higher affinity to RBC compared to oxygen

A

carbon monoxide

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31
Q

affinity of carboxyhemoglobin compared to oxygen

A

200-225 times

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32
Q

causes leftward shift in oxy-hgb dissociation curve

A

carboxyhemoglobin/carbon monoxide

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33
Q

notable symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

cherry red appearance of skin

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34
Q

most common drug of abuse because of presence in alcoholic beverages

A

ethanol

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35
Q

metabolized by what enzyme into acetaldehyde/acetyl coa

A

ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase

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36
Q

fatal dose of ethanol

A

300-400 mL pure (600-800 of 100 proof whiskey) consumed in less than 1 hour

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37
Q

act as sedative-hypnotic and depresses CNS irregularly

A

ethanol

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38
Q

unresponsive but with physical stimulation

A

stupor

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39
Q

to check for ethanol intoxication, check for these enzymes

A

gamma glutamyl transferase
alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase
high density lipoprotein
mean cell volume

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40
Q

wood alcohol

A

methanol

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41
Q

fatal dose of methanol

A

60-250 mL but as little as 15 mL causes death

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42
Q

metabolites of methanol and the enzymes

A

formaldehyde; alcohol dehydrogenase heptaic ADH; ocular toxicity
formic acid; aldehyde dehydrogenase hepatic ALDH; metabolic acidosis

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43
Q

used in car radiator antifreeze and hydraulic fluid

A

ethylene glycol

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44
Q

ingested by children due to sweet taste

A

ethylene glycol

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45
Q

metabolites of ethylene glycol

A

glycoaldehyde, glycolic acid, glyoxylic, oxalic acid

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46
Q

toxic metabolites of ethylene glycol

A

oxalic acid and glycolic acid

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47
Q

presence of oxalic acid leads to formation of what

A

calcium oxalate in urine

48
Q

calcium oxalate crystals lead to what condition

A

renal tubular damage

49
Q

method of choice of ethylene glycol

A

HPLC measurement

50
Q

rubbing alcohol; only toxic when ingested

A

isopropyl alcohol

51
Q

metabolites of isopropanol

A

acetone, carbon dioxide, water (hepatic ADH)

52
Q

fatal dose of isopropanol

A

250 mL

53
Q

method of choice for isopropanol

A

gas chromatography

54
Q

one of metals tested in chicken and tuna

A

arsenic

55
Q

ant poisons, rodenticides, herbicides, weed killers, insecticides, paints, wood preservatives, ceramics, tanning agent, medicines

A

arsenic

56
Q

interferes with protein sulfhydryl group in protein coenzymes

A

arsenic

57
Q

can pass through BBB and accumulate in CNS

A

mercury

58
Q

stigmata of cerebral palsy

A

congenital minamata disease (mercury)

59
Q

pink disease; Selter-Swift-Feet disease; Feer syndrome

A

acrodynia (mercury)

60
Q

inhibits catechol-o-methyltransferase

A

mercury

61
Q

increased deposition of iron in tissues

A

hemosiderosis

62
Q

excess iron induces tissue damage

A

hemochromatosis

63
Q

early manifestation of iron intoxication

A

vomiting

64
Q

fatal dose of lead

A

> 0.5 mg of lead

65
Q

half life of lead
half life in bones
half life in soft tissues

A

32 years; >20 years; 120 days

66
Q

insecticides/pesticides; inhibites acetylcholinesterase

A

organophosphates and carbamates

67
Q

ratio of drug abusers in the PH, male to female

A

10:1

68
Q

from coca plant; derivative of alkaloid ecgonine

A

cocaine

69
Q

potent form and free-base form that passes rapidly across nasal membranes (Cocaine)

A

crack

70
Q

local anesthesia during nasopharyngeal surgery

A

cocain

71
Q

esterified to cocaine in liver to form

A

ethanol –> cocaethylene

blocks dopamine reuptake
vasoconstriction

72
Q

48 hrs after administration of drug MOC for cocaine

A

GCMS technique

73
Q

24-36 hrs after administration MOC for cocaine

A

immunoassay

74
Q

class of substances that causes ASA (analgesia, sedation, anesthesia)

A

opiates

75
Q

opiates are derived from

A

opium poppy

76
Q

METABOLITE of heroin
one of most commonly used pain reliever

A

morphine

77
Q

analgesis by binding to mu-receptors

A

morphine

78
Q

morphine inhibits effect of

A

gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

79
Q

treatment for acute congestive heart failure for lowering venouse return to the heart

A

dilaudid (hydromorphone)

80
Q

DIACETYL FORM of morphine

A

heroin

81
Q

can cross BBB, withdrawl is extremely difficult

A

heroin

82
Q

administration of heroin

A

intravenous route

83
Q

half life of heroin and effects last for how many hrs

A

3 minutes; 3 hours

84
Q

metabolites of HEROIN

A

n-acetylmorphine
morphine

85
Q

treatment of HEROIN

A

natoxone, methadone, naltrexone

86
Q

milder analgesic and antitussive (cough suppressant)

A

codeine

87
Q

codeine analog and active component of cough syrups

A

dextromethorphan

88
Q

recommended dose of dextromethorphan and light intoxi and heavy intoxi

A

15-30 mg 3-4x a day
100-200 mg
1500 mg

89
Q

metabolites of codein

A

dextrorphan
d-hydroxymorphinaner

90
Q

rapid eye movement; effect of codein

A

nystagmus

91
Q

incoordination of muscle movement; effect of codein

A

ataxia

92
Q

almost equi of morphine; 80 times more potent than morphine

A

fentanyl

93
Q

hypotension is less common than with other opiates like morphine because of LACK OF HISTAMINE RELEASE, thus preferred than morphine

A

fentanyl

94
Q

binds compe with morphine in brain; addictive effect less than heroin

A

methadone

95
Q

resembles catecholamines and dopamine; compe inhibitor of monoamine oxidase

A

amphetamine

96
Q

prolongs effect of catecholamines due to inhibition of monoamine oxidase (which metabolizes catechols to eliminate from body)

A

amphetamine

97
Q

derivative of methamphetamine, popular recreational drug of abuse; under amphetamine

A

3,4-trimethylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ECSTACY)

98
Q

derived from serotonin

A

tryptamines

99
Q

rapid onset of strong hallucinogenic effect that are short lived; Businessman’s lunch; sudden euphoria feeling

A

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

100
Q

component of psilocyb called magic mushroom because of hallucinogenic effect; enhanced by presence of beta-carbolines which are MAO inhibitors

A

Psilocin

101
Q

mixture of plants with dimethyltryptamine and carbolines (south american tea)

A

ayahuasca

102
Q

used as anti-helminthics during 1950s

A

piperazines

103
Q

two classes of piperazines

A

N-benzylpiperazine
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine (TFMPP or MOLLY)

104
Q

Molly has euphoric effects; almost same effects as estacy which is amphetamine

A

1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine

105
Q

example of benzodiazepines which is a minor tranquilizer

A

VALIUM

106
Q

potentiation of GABA, therapeutic drug at dose 2.5-10 mg

A

benzodiazepines

107
Q

angel dust or angel hair; analgesic and anesthetic stimulatory; interact with almost all substances related to nervous system

A

phencyclidine

108
Q

derivatives of barbituric acid; regarded as condensation product of urea and malonic acid; all are fat soluble and cross BBB

A

barbiturates

109
Q

very similar to methadone, MAJOR CAUSE OF DRUG RELATED DEATH

A

PROPOXYPHENE (DARVON)

110
Q

same sedative-hypnotic properties as barbiturates

A

METHAQUALONE (QUAALUDE)

111
Q

hallucinogen, blurred or undulating vision, change in sense of time. panic reactions BAD TRIP as adverse reaction

A

LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE

112
Q

one of oldest and most widely used of mind-altering drugs

A

marijuana

113
Q

source of marijuana

A

cannabis sativa

114
Q

more potent product produced by extraction of resin from plant

A

hashish

115
Q

principal psychoactive agent of marijuana

A

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

116
Q

metabolites of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

A

delta-9-carboxy-THC
11-hydroxy-delta-9-THC

117
Q

how many weeks before marijuana can be detected in urine

A

1-4 weeks

3rd year (3 decks)

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